Coase theorem and exchangeable rights in non-cooperative games

In this paper, we consider the Coase theorem in a non cooperative game framework. In particular, we explore the robustness of the Coase theorem with respect to the ?nal distribution of alienable property rights which constitutes, as far as we know, a less cultivated ?eld of research. In our framework, in order to reach e¢ ciency, agents have to stipulate binding contracts. In the analysis, we distinguish between permanent and temporary contracts showing the di¤erent implication of the two kinds of contracts with respect to the ?nal attribution of individual rights. More precisely, we show that, with temporary binding contracts and under particular assumptions, the ?nal attribution if individual rights does not converge.Coase theorem, binding contracts, side payments

Treatment of a Femur Nonunion with Microsurgical Corticoperiosteal Pedicled Flap from the Medial Femoral Condyle

Introduction.Te vascularized corticoperiosteal fap is harvested from the medial femoral condyle and it is nourished by the articular branch of the descending genicular artery and the superomedial genicular artery. Tis fap is usually harvested as a free fap for the reconstruction of bone defects at forearm, distal radius, carpus, hand, and recently at lower limb too. Case Report. A 50-year-old Caucasian man referred to our department for hypertrophic nonunion of the distal femur, refractory to the conservative treatments. Te frst surgical choice was the revision of the nail and the bone reconstruction with a corticoperiosteal pedicled fap from the medial femoral condyle. We considered union to have occurred 3.5 months afer surgery when radiographs showed bridging of at least three of the four bony cortices and clinically the patient was able to walk with full weight bearing without any pain. At the last follow-up (25 months), the patient was completely satisfed with the procedure. Discussion. Te corticoperiosteal fap allows a faster healing of fractures with a minimal morbidity at the donor site. We suggest that the corticoperiosteal pedicled fap graf is a reliable and efective treatment for distal femur nonunion

Evaluation of the accuracy of a patient-specific instrumentation

Patient-specific instruments (PSI) has been introduced with the aim to reduce the overall costs of the implants, minimizing the size and number of instruments required, and also reducing surgery time. The aim of this study was to perform a review of the current literature, as well as to report about our personal experience, to assess reliability and accuracy of patient specific instrument system in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). A literature review was conducted of PSI system reviewing articles related to coronal alignment, clinical knee and function scores, cost, patient satisfaction and complications. Studies have reported incidences of coronal alignment ≥3° from neutral in TKAs performed with patient-specific cutting guides ranging from 6% to 31%. PSI seem not to be able to result in the same degree of accuracy as for the CAS system, while comparing well with standard manual technique with respect to component positioning and overall lower axis, in particular in the sagittal plane. In cases in which custom-made cutting jigs were used, we recommend performing an accurate control of the alignment before and after any cuts and in any further step of the procedure, in order to avoid possible outliers

Analysis of the existing barriers for the market development of power to hydrogen (P2H) in Italy

New technological solutions are required to control the impact of the increasing presence of renewable energy sources connected to the electric grid that are characterized by unpredictable production (i.e., wind and solar energy). Energy storage is becoming essential to stabilize the grid when a mismatch between production and demand occurs. Among the available solutions, Power to Hydrogen (P2H) is one of the most attractive options. However, despite the potential, many barriers currently hinder P2H market development. The literature reports general barriers and strategies to overcome them, but a specific analysis is fundamental to identifying how these barriers concretely arise in national and regional frameworks, since tailored solutions are needed to foster the development of P2H local market. The paper aims to identify and to analyze the existing barriers for P2H market uptake in Italy. The paper shows how several technical, regulatory and economic issues are still unsolved, resulting in a source of uncertainty for P2H investment. The paper also suggests possible approaches and solutions to address the Italian barriers and to support politics and decision-makers in the definition and implementation of the national hydrogen strategy

What Explains Small and Medium-Sized Business Groups? Comparing the Financial and the Entrepreneurial Perspective

The paper contrasts two theoretical perspectives that account for business group formation in the small business sector: the financial perspective and the organizational/entrepreneurial perspective. Two main hypotheses are derived from these perspectives: the first hypothesis concerns capital and knowledge intensity required by the business; the second one refers to the entrepreneur�s ownership of firms in business groups. The empirical results show that the financial and the organizational perspectives are both relevant in explaining business groups in the small business sector, but the entrepreneurial perspective is more appropriate when explaining the ownership structure of firms within an entrepreneur�s business group

Techno-economic assessment of the innovative ejectors plant technology for sediment management in harbours

Purpose: The paper aims to show the monitoring results of an innovative technology, the ejectors plant, tested in the MARINAPLAN PLUS LIFE project framework for sustainable sediment management in harbours. Materials and methods: A monitoring plan has been designed to evaluate the technical, economic and environmental impact of the ejectors plant demonstrator for 15 months, located in Cervia (Italy). In particular, the demonstrator’s effectiveness and efficiency have been assessed to determine the yearly operation and maintenance costs. Results and discussion: The techno-economic analysis shows promising results in terms of efficacy and efficiency of the ejectors plant. The ejectors plant guaranteed navigability for the whole period of operation with a yearly cost reduction compared with traditional dredging. Conclusions: The innovative technology promoted by the MARINAPLAN PLUS LIFE project is a promising solution to manage sedimentation in harbours through a cost-effective and a low environmental impact technology. The monitoring actions validated the technology fully and demonstrated its efficacy and sustainability, highlighting the further improvements needed

Extra-articular tenodesis combined with an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in acute anterior cruciate ligament tear in elite female football players

PURPOSE: The growing popularity of elite soccer among female participants has led to increased incidents of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures. Many authors underline a positive glide after ACL reconstruction (ACLR), especially in women. In fact, an isolated intra-articular ACLR may be inadequate to control rotational instability after a combined injury of the ACL and the peripheral structures of the knee. Extra-articular procedures are sometimes used in primary cases displaying excessive antero-lateral rotatory instability. The purpose of this case series was to report subjective and objective outcomes after combined ACL and lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) with a minimum 4-year follow-up in a selected high-risk population of elite female football players. METHODS: Between January 2007 and December 2010, 16 elite Italian female football players were included in the study. All patients underwent the same surgical technique: anatomical ACLR with autogenous semitendinosus and gracilis tendons. After the intra-articular reconstruction was performed, an additional extra-articular MacIntosh modified Coker-Arnold procedure was carried out. Patients were assessed pre- and post-operatively with the subjective and objective International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) evaluation form, Tegner activity scale (TAS) and Lysholm score. Joint laxity was assessed with KT-1000 by measuring the side-to-side (S/S) differences in displacement at manual maximum (mm) testing. RESULTS: At a mean follow-up of 72.6 ± 8.1 months, two independent examiners reviewed all players. All of the patients had a fully recovered range of motion. Lachman test was negative in all patients (100 %). The evaluation of joint laxity and clinical evaluation showed a statistically significant improvement. No patients experienced complication or a re-rupture. DISCUSSION: The rationale of combining extra-articular procedures with ACLR is to restrict the internal rotation of the reconstructed knee, taking advantage of its long lever arm and thus providing more stability in the rotational axis and preventing the ACL graft from undergoing further excessive strain. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of an LET with ACLR in elite female football players demonstrated excellent results in terms of subjective scales, post-operative residual laxity and re-rupture rate with no complication, and a complete return to sport activity

Risultati clinico-strumentali del trattamento dell'artrosi trapezio-metacarpale mediante artroplastica di interposizone

Introduzione: La rizoartrosi (artrosi trapezio-metacarpale) rappresenta il 10% delle localizzazioni artrosiche di tutto il corpo. L’ artroplastica di interposizione secondo Robinson prevede l’esecuzione di trapeziectomia ed innesto tendineo con emi Abduttore Lungo del Pollice (APL) inserito nel gap creato dalla trapeziectomia. Lo scopo dello studio è quello di valutare i risultati clinici e strumentali dell’artroplastica di interposizione ad un follow-up di medio-lungo termine valutando mediante studio RMN l’evoluzione del innesto, ed una sua eventuale associazione con gli risultati clinici. Materiali e Metodi: Da Luglio 2006 a Maggio 2012, sono stati trattati chirurgicamente 75 pazienti affetti da rizoartrosi.64 pazienti rientravano nei criteri di inclusione dello studio. La valutazione clinica è stata effettuata mediante Grind test, Kapandji test, DASH score, VAS score, valutazione della ROM in abduzione radiale, e soddisfazione soggettiva del paziente. L’esame strumentale è stato effettuato mediante RX in antero-posteriore e laterale, sono state inoltre analizzate sequenze T1-, T2-, STIR-, Spin Echo e Gradient Echo-MRI alla RMN. Risultati: 44 pazienti (68.75%) sono risultati pienamente soddisfatti, 16 pazienti (25%) hanno riportato grande beneficio e hanno ripreso tutte le attività quotidiane con limitazione minima. Solo 4 pazienti (6.25%) non sono stati soddisfatti dell’intervento. La distanza scafo-metacarpale (SMD) valutata radiograficamente nel 1 mese post operatorio ha mostrato un valore medio di 6.6±1.7SD mm. All’ultimo follow-up il valore medio (SMD) è risultato essere di 4.3±1.2SD mm, con una migrazione prossimale media di 2.3±0.9SD mm. La valutazione con RMN ha mostrato nel 100% dei pazienti la presenza di tessuto fibroso residuo nello spazio tra la base del primo metacarpo e lo scafoide. Nel 37.5% dei pazienti è stata osservata la presenza di edema osseo subcondrale. Il 50% dei pazienti mostravano sinovite reattiva alla RMN. Discussione/Conclusioni: L’artroplastica di interposizione è un trattamento sicuro e validato per il trattamento dei pazienti affetti da rizoartrosi di stadio III-IV secondo Eaton-Littler che garantisce buoni risultati clinici ed il ritorno alle normali attività di vita quotidiana. La quantità di tessuto fibroso residuo interposto dopo la trapeziectomia sembra essere correlate a migliori risultati clinico / radiografici e maggiore soddisfazione da parte dei pazienti

Can the outside-in half-tunnel technique reduce femoral tunnel widening in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction? A CT study

There are different techniques for drilling the femoral tunnel in the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), but their influence in the bone tunnel enlargement in unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare two different surgical techniques for evaluating femoral tunnel enlargement in ACLR. The hypothesis was that tunnel placement using the outside-in technique leads to less tunnel enlargement compared to the transtibial technique. METHODS: Forty-four patients treated for ACLR between March 2013 and March 2014 were prospectively enrolled in this study. According to the surgical technique, subjects were assigned to Group A (Out-in) or Group B (Transtibial). All patients underwent CT examination in order to evaluate the femoral tunnel enlargement at four different levels. Moreover, all patients were evaluated with the Lachman test and pivot shift test, and the KT1000 arthrometer was used to measure the anterior laxity of the knee. A subjective evaluation was performed using the 2000 International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee score, Lysholm knee score and Tegner activity scale. All patients were assessed after 24 months of follow-up. RESULTS: At the final follow-up, there were statistically significant differences (p 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In ACLR with a suspension system, the outside-in technique leads to less enlargement of the femoral tunnel lower than the transtibial technique. KEYWORDS: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction; CT imaging; Drilling technique; Femoral tunnel enlargement PMID: 28389757 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-017-1950-8 Share on FacebookShare on TwitterShare on Google+ LinkOut - more resource

The implosion of clientelistic Italy in the 1990s : a study of 'peaceful change' in comparative political economy

Digitised version produced by the EUI Library and made available online in 2020