OBESIDAD Y AUTOESTIMA

Obesity is spreading at an alarming rate, not only in industrial countries but also in developing countries. This is related to data from the World Health Organization (2004) which reports that at least 300 million people suffer from obesity and this is a complex condition that has serious social and psychological problems and affection to all ages and socioeconomic strata. . Therefore, we try to justify self-esteem as the variable is a determining factor of losing weight noting that the low self-esteem is a cause and a consequence of overweight. All studies have assessed the work that relate directly obesity to low self-esteem and another series of works that analyze those addressing cognitive behavioral therapy for these people. With this revision is determined that obesity influences people to have low self-esteem and that we must not overlook the attitudes and emotional problems that caused major obesity in the first place. The review supported the importance of psychological intervention is effective, but more tests are needed and larger in the future work to address this in more depth.La obesidad se extiende a un ritmo alarmante, no sólo en los países industrializados, sino también en países en desarrollo. Así lo ponen de manifiesto los datos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (2004) que informa que al menos 300 millones de personas padecen obesidad y que esta es una condición compleja que acarrea graves problemas sociales y psíquicos y afectos a todas las edades y estratos socioeconómicos. Por tanto, intentamos justificar cómo la variable autoestima es un factor determinante a la hora de perder peso comprobando que la baja autoestima es causa y consecuencia del exceso de peso. Todos los estudios han evaluado los trabajos que relacionan directamente la obesidad con la baja autoestima y otra serie de trabajos que analizan aquellos que abordan la terapia cognitivo-conductual para estas personas. Con esta revisión se determina que la obesidad influye a que personas tengan la autoestima baja y que no hay que pasar por alto las actitudes y problemas emocionales principales que causaron la obesidad en primer lugar. La revisión apoyó la importancia que la intervención psicológica es efectiva, aunque se necesitan mas ensayos y más grandes en los futuros trabajos para abordar esto con más profundidad

Femtosecond RMS timing jitter from 1 GHz InP on-chip mode-locked laser at 1550 nm

In this work, we analyze the timing stability of a 1 GHz InP on-chip monolithic mode-locked laser at 1550 nm. 504 fs RMS timing jitter is achieved by a hybrid mode-locking operation

Cuidados de enfermería en las emesis en pacientes oncohematológicos

Emesis not only the onset of vomiting associated with chemotherapy treatment but the arches and nausea, which is the feeling of desire vomiting, digestive distress and inability to retain vomiting, even When this does not occur.The main problem is that it deteriorates the quality of life of patients and even, in some cases, endangers his life. Hence the importance of its perception and treatment, although the best measure is prevention.It is one of the best known toxic effects by patients before starting treatment and one of the most feared. Therefore, this study seeks to analyze the response to antiemetic prophylaxis in the acute phase (AF) and delayed (FR) in haematological patients with chemotherapy.It includes patients treated with intravenous cytostatic between January and October 2008. 14 patients were treated, with the following diagnoses: Hodgkin lymphoma, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. 84 Surveys are delivered (66 processed). Among the conclusions to be drawn is that we see a good response to chemotherapy in both FA and FR. Haematology is reviewed along with the protocol of antiemetic regimen for highly emetogenic chemotherapy in FMD, where there was 21% non-response.La emesis no es solo la aparición de vómitos relacionados con el tratamiento de la quimioterapia sino también las arcadas y las náuseas, que son la sensación del deseo de vomitar, de malestar digestivo y de incapacidad para retener el vomito; aunque este no se produzca.Su principal problema radica en que deteriora la calidad de vida del paciente e incluso, en determinados casos, compromete su vida. De ahí la importancia de percibirla y tratarla, aunque la mejor medida es la prevención.Es uno de los efectos tóxicos más conocidos por los pacientes antes de empezar el tratamiento y uno de los más temidos. Por ello, en este estudio se trata de analizar la respuesta a la profilaxis antiemética en fase aguda (FA) y retardada (FR) en pacientes hematológicos con quimioterapia.Se incluyen los pacientes tratados con citostáticos intravenosos entre Enero/Octubre 2008. Se tratan 14 pacientes con los siguientes diagnósticos: linfoma de Hodgkin, mieloma múltiple, linfoma no Hodgkin y leucemia linfoide crónica. Se entregan 84 encuestas (procesadas 66).Entre las conclusiones que se obtiene es que se aprecia una buena respuesta de los pacientes a la quimioterapia tanto en FA como FR. Se revisa junto con Hematología el protocolo de pauta antiemética para quimioterapia altamente emetógena en FA en la que se ha observado un 21% de no respuesta

Measuring every particle's size from three-dimensional imaging experiments

Often experimentalists study colloidal suspensions that are nominally monodisperse. In reality these samples have a polydispersity of 4-10%. At the level of an individual particle, the consequences of this polydispersity are unknown as it is difficult to measure an individual particle size from microscopy. We propose a general method to estimate individual particle radii within a moderately concentrated colloidal suspension observed with confocal microscopy. We confirm the validity of our method by numerical simulations of four major systems: random close packing, colloidal gels, nominally monodisperse dense samples, and nominally binary dense samples. We then apply our method to experimental data, and demonstrate the utility of this method with results from four case studies. In the first, we demonstrate that we can recover the full particle size distribution {\it in situ}. In the second, we show that accounting for particle size leads to more accurate structural information in a random close packed sample. In the third, we show that crystal nucleation occurs in locally monodisperse regions. In the fourth, we show that particle mobility in a dense sample is correlated to the local volume fraction.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

Agroecosystem energy transitions in the old and new worlds: trajectories and determinants at the regional scale

Energy efficiency in biomass production is a major challenge for a future transition to sustainable food and energy provision. This study uses methodologically consistent data on agroecosystem energy flows and different metrics of energetic efficiency from seven regional case studies in North America (USA and Canada) and Europe (Spain and Austria) to investigate energy transitions in Western agroecosystems from the late nineteenth to the late twentieth centuries. We quantify indicators such as external final energy return on investment (EFEROI, i.e., final produce per unit of external energy input), internal final EROI (IFEROI, final produce per unit of biomass reused locally), and final EROI (FEROI, final produce per unit of total inputs consumed). The transition is characterized by increasing final produce accompanied by increasing external energy inputs and stable local biomass reused. External inputs did not replace internal biomass reinvestments, but added to them. The results were declining EFEROI, stable or increasing IFEROI, and diverging trends in FEROI. The factors shaping agroecosystem energy profiles changed in the course of the transition: Under advanced organic and frontier agriculture of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, population density and biogeographic conditions explained both agroecosystem productivity and energy inputs. In industrialized agroecosystems, biogeographic conditions and specific socio-economic factors influenced trends towards increased agroecosystem specialization. The share of livestock products in a region's final produce was the most important factor determining energy returns on investment

IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LA INTERACCIÓN DE MONOCITOS HUMANOS CON LAS LECTINAS DE Olneya tesota (IF2) Y Phaseolus vulgaris (PHA-L) POR CITOMETRÍA DE FLUJO

En este estudio se purificaron tres isolectinas (IF1, IF2 e IF3) de la lectina de palo fierro (PF2) a partir de las semillas de Olneya tesota, usando cromatografía de afinidad, seguida de intercambio iónico. La isoforma más abundante de PF2 (IF2) y la lectina de frijol PHA-L se utilizaron para identificar el patrón de reconocimiento hacia células mononucleares de sangre periférica humana por citometría de flujo. Todos los tipos sanguíneos (ABO) presentaron un perfil de reconocimiento similar por las lectinas. En particular, las estructuras oligosacáridas de los monocitos circulantes fueron reconocidas por IF2 y PHA-L con mayor intensidad que el resto de las células. Los linfocitos B y T presentaron una menor interacción con IF2 que con PHA-L. Los receptores carbohidrato de IF2 pudieran ser usados como marcadores potenciales de monocitos en patologías asociadas con estas células

Causes of Morbidity in Wild Raptor Populations Admitted at a Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre in Spain from 1995-2007: A Long Term Retrospective Study

Background: Morbidity studies complement the understanding of hazards to raptors by identifying natural or anthropogenic factors. Descriptive epidemiological studies of wildlife have become an important source of information about hazards to wildlife populations. On the other hand, data referenced to the overall wild population could provide a more accurate assessment of the potential impact of the morbidity/mortality causes in populations of wild birds. Methodology/Principal Findings: The present study described the morbidity causes of hospitalized wild raptors and their incidence in the wild populations, through a long term retrospective study conducted at a wildlife rehabilitation centre of Catalonia (1995-2007). Importantly, Seasonal Cumulative Incidences (SCI) were calculated considering estimations of the wild population in the region and trend analyses were applied among the different years. A total of 7021 birds were analysed: 7 species of Strigiformes (n = 3521) and 23 of Falconiformes (n = 3500). The main causes of morbidity were trauma (49.5%), mostly in the Falconiformes, and orphaned/young birds (32.2%) mainly in the Strigiformes. During wintering periods, the largest morbidity incidence was observed in Accipiter gentillis due to gunshot wounds and in Tyto alba due to vehicle trauma. Within the breeding season, Falco tinnunculus (orphaned/young category) and Bubo bubo (electrocution and metabolic disorders) represented the most affected species. Cases due to orphaned/young, infectious/parasitic diseases, electrocution and unknown trauma tended to increase among years. By contrast, cases by undetermined cause, vehicle trauma and captivity decreased throughout the study period. Interestingly, gunshot injuries remained constant during the study period. Conclusions/Significance: Frequencies of morbidity causes calculated as the proportion of each cause referred to the total number of admitted cases, allowed a qualitative assessment of hazards for the studied populations. However, cumulative incidences based on estimated wild raptor population provided a more accurate approach to the potential ecological impact of the morbidity causes in the wild populations