Effects of Position (or Location) of Non-Centrally Bonded Symmetric Double Lap Joint (or Symmetric Double Doubler Joint) on Bending Vibrations of Composite Mindlin Plates or Panels

In the present study, the "Effects of Position (or Location) of Non-Centrally Bonded Symmetric Double Doubler Joint in Composite Mindlin Plates or Panels" are theoretically analyzed and are numerically solved in some detail. The "Plate Adherends" and the upper and lower "Doubler Plates" of the "Bonded Joint System" are considered as dissimilar, orthotropic "Mindlin Plates" joined through the dissimilar upper and lower very thin adhesive layers. The transverse and rotary moments of inertia are included in the analysis. The relatively very thin adhesive layers are assumed to be linearly elastic continua with transverse normal and shear stresses. The "damping effects" in the entire "Bonded Joint System" are neglected. The sets of the dynamic "Mindlin Plate" equations of the "Plate Adherends", the "Double Doubler Plates" and the thin adhesive layers are combined together with the orthotropic stress resultant-displacement expressions in a "special form". This system of equations, after some further manipulations, is eventually reduced to a set of the "Governing System of the First Order Ordinary Differential Equations" in terms of the "state vectors" of the problem. Hence, the final set of the aforementioned "Systems of Equations" together with the "Continuity Conditions" and the "Boundary Conditions" facilitate the present solution procedure. This is the "Modified Transfer Matrix Method (MTMM) (with Interpolation Polynomials). The present theoretical analysis and the present method of solution are applied to a typical "Non-Centrally Positioned (or Located) Symmetric Double Lap Joint (or Symmetric Double Doubler Joint) System". The effects of the location (or position) of the "Bonded Joint System" and also of the relatively "Stiff" (or "Hard") and the relatively "Flexible" (or "Soft") adhesive properties, on the natural frequencies and mode shapes are considered in some detail. The very interesting mode shapes with their dimensionless natural frequencies are presented for various sets of "Boundary Conditions". From the numerical results obtained, some important conclusions are drawn for the "Bonded Joint System" studied here

Effects of Rotation of Material Axes on Free Flexural Vibrations of Centrally Bonded Symmetric Double Doubler Joint in Composite Mindlin Plates or Panels

The present study investigates the serious effects of rotation of material axes on the free dynamic response of composite plates or panels with "Bonded Double Doubler Mint Systems". The "Plate Adherends" and the "Upper and Lower Doubler Plates" are connected through the relatively very thin adhesive layers. The "Bonded Double Doubler Joint System" is considered in taans of the "System. 1" and the "System.2". In the "System. 1", the material directions of "Plate Adherends" are rotated 90(0) (about z-axis) while there is no change in the material axes of the "Double Doubler Plates". In the "System.2", the material directions of the "Double Doubler Plates" are rotated 90(0) (about z-axis), while there is no change in the material axes of the "Plate Adherends". All plate elemnts of the "System. 1" and the "System.2" are assumed to be dissimilar "Orthotropic Mindlin Plates" with the transverse shear deformations and the transverse (or bending) moments of inertia and the rotary moments of inertia. The upper and lower adhesive layers are linearly elastic continua with dissimilar material properties and with unequal thicknesses. The damping effects in. all plate elements and also in adhesive layers are neglected. The entire theoretical analysis for both "Systems.1 and 2" is based on the "Orthotropic Mindlin Plate Theory". For this purpose, the dynamic equations of the left and the right "Plate adherends" and of the "Upper and Lower Doubler Plates" and the equations of the adhesive layers are combined to-gather with the stress resultant - displacement expressions of the plate elements. Then, after some algebric manipulations and combinations, and with the "Classical Levy's Solutions" the original dynamic equations are finally reduced into the two new sets of the "Governing System of the First Order O.D.E's" in compact matrix forms with the "state vectors" for the "System. 1" and "System.2", respectively. In this way, the original "Initial and Boundary Value Problem" (or the free vibrations problem) is converted to the "Multi - Point Boundary Value Problem" of Mechanics and Physiscs. In the case of both "Systems.1 and 2", these results facilitate the direct application of the present method of solution that is the "Modified Transfer Matrix Method (MTMM) (with Interpolation Polynomials)". The aforementioned "Governing Equations" for both "Systems.1 and 2" are numerically integreted by making use of the "(MTMM) (with Interpolation Polynomials)". Thus, the natural frequencies and the mode shapes of the "Systems. 1" and the "System.2" are graphically presented for the same "Support Conditions". The comparison of the numerical results corresponding to each "System. 1" and "System.2" for the same "Support Conditions" is considered leading to some very important conclusions

EFFECTS of POSITION (or LOCATION) of NON-CENTRALLY BONDED SYMMETRIC DOUBLE LAP JOINT (or SYMMETRIC DOUBLE DOUBLER JOINT) on BENDING VIBRATIONS of COMPOSITE MINDLIN PLATES or PANELS

In the present study, the "Effects of Position (or Location) of Non-Centrally Bonded Symmetric Double Doubler Joint in Composite Mindlin Plates or Panels" are theoretically analyzed and are numerically solved in some detail. The "Plate Adherends" and the upper and lower "Doubler Plates" of the "Bonded Joint System" are considered as dissimilar, orthotropic "Mindlin Plates" joined through the dissimilar upper and lower very thin adhesive layers. The transverse and rotary moments of inertia are included in the analysis. The relatively very thin adhesive layers are assumed to be linearly elastic continua with transverse normal and shear stresses. The "damping effects" in the entire "Bonded Joint System" are neglected. The sets of the dynamic "Mindlin Plate" equations of the "Plate Adherends", the "Double Doubler Plates" and the thin adhesive layers are combined together with the orthotropic stress resultant-displacement expressions in a "special form". This system of equations, after some further manipulations, is eventually reduced to a set of the "Governing System of the First Order Ordinary Differential Equations" in terms of the "state vectors" of the problem. Hence, the final set of the aforementioned "Systems of Equations" together with the "Continuity Conditions" and the "Boundary Conditions" facilitate the present solution procedure. This is the "Modified Transfer Matrix Method (MTMM) (with Interpolation Polynomials). The present theoretical analysis and the present method of solution are applied to a typical "Non-Centrally Positioned (or Located) Symmetric Double Lap Joint (or Symmetric Double Doubler Joint) System". The effects of the location (or position) of the "Bonded Joint System" and also of the relatively "Stiff" (or "Hard") and the relatively "Flexible" (or "Soft") adhesive properties, on the natural frequencies and mode shapes are considered in some detail. The very interesting mode shapes with their dimensionless natural frequencies are presented for various sets of "Boundary Conditions". From the numerical results obtained, some important conclusions are drawn for the "Bonded Joint System" studied here

EFFECTS of ROTATION of MATERIAL AXES ON FREE FLEXURAL VIBRATIONS of CENTRALLY BONDED SYMMETRIC DOUBLE DOUBLER JOINT in COMPOSITE MINDLIN PLATES or PANELS

The present study investigates the serious effects of rotation of material axes on the free dynamic response of composite plates or panels with "Bonded Double Doubler Mint Systems". The "Plate Adherends" and the "Upper and Lower Doubler Plates" are connected through the relatively very thin adhesive layers. The "Bonded Double Doubler Joint System" is considered in taans of the "System. 1" and the "System.2". In the "System. 1", the material directions of "Plate Adherends" are rotated 90(0) (about z-axis) while there is no change in the material axes of the "Double Doubler Plates". In the "System.2", the material directions of the "Double Doubler Plates" are rotated 90(0) (about z-axis), while there is no change in the material axes of the "Plate Adherends". All plate elemnts of the "System. 1" and the "System.2" are assumed to be dissimilar "Orthotropic Mindlin Plates" with the transverse shear deformations and the transverse (or bending) moments of inertia and the rotary moments of inertia. The upper and lower adhesive layers are linearly elastic continua with dissimilar material properties and with unequal thicknesses. The damping effects in. all plate elements and also in adhesive layers are neglected. The entire theoretical analysis for both "Systems.1 and 2" is based on the "Orthotropic Mindlin Plate Theory". For this purpose, the dynamic equations of the left and the right "Plate adherends" and of the "Upper and Lower Doubler Plates" and the equations of the adhesive layers are combined to-gather with the stress resultant - displacement expressions of the plate elements. Then, after some algebric manipulations and combinations, and with the "Classical Levy's Solutions" the original dynamic equations are finally reduced into the two new sets of the "Governing System of the First Order O.D.E's" in compact matrix forms with the "state vectors" for the "System. 1" and "System.2", respectively. In this way, the original "Initial and Boundary Value Problem" (or the free vibrations problem) is converted to the "Multi - Point Boundary Value Problem" of Mechanics and Physiscs. In the case of both "Systems.1 and 2", these results facilitate the direct application of the present method of solution that is the "Modified Transfer Matrix Method (MTMM) (with Interpolation Polynomials)". The aforementioned "Governing Equations" for both "Systems.1 and 2" are numerically integreted by making use of the "(MTMM) (with Interpolation Polynomials)". Thus, the natural frequencies and the mode shapes of the "Systems. 1" and the "System.2" are graphically presented for the same "Support Conditions". The comparison of the numerical results corresponding to each "System. 1" and "System.2" for the same "Support Conditions" is considered leading to some very important conclusions

Effect of brand credibility and innovation on customer based brand equity and overall brand equity in Turkey: An investigation of GSM operators

Today, challenging and intense global competition conditions have led to the transformation of local and small markets into larger and more developed markets. For this reason, firms have had to make different strategic decisions in order to survive and profit. If firms want to challenge the competitors one way is to increase their brand equity. The main purpose of this research is the effect of brand credibility and innovation on customer based brand equity and overall brand equity in the context of three GSM operators in Turkey. The sample for the study is limited to 589 participants. The data was collected between 31th of May and 7th of June 2018. A convenience sampling process was used to collect data for this research and 589 pieces of data were collected through a questionnaire survey. Correlation and regression tests were performed to examine the relationship and effect between variables in the study. Regression analyses were employed with the purpose of revealing the effect of brand credibility and innovation on customer based brand equity, its dimensions and overall brand equity. The results of the analyses indicated that brand credibility and innovation had positive effect on customer based brand equity as well as its dimensions. Since there is no literature on the effect of credibility and innovation on both customer based brand equity dimensions and overall brand equity in a holistic approach in the GSM sector in Turkey, this paper aims to contribute to this gap

N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine Protects Liver and Kidney Against Chromium(VI)-Induced Oxidative Stress in Mice

Acute hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] compound exposure may lead to hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects. Cr(VI) reduction may generate reactive intermediates and radicals which might be associated with damage. We investigated effects of N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) pre- or post-treatment on oxidative stress and accumulation of Cr in liver and kidney of Cr(VI)-exposed mice. Intraperitoneal potassium dichromate injection (20 mg Cr/kg) caused a significant elevation of lipid peroxidation in both tissues as compared to control (p < 0.05). Significant decreases in non-protein sulfhydryl (NPSH) level, as well as enzyme activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) along with significant accumulation of Cr in the tissues (p < 0.05) were of note. NAC pre-treatment (200 mg/kg, ip) provided a noticeable alleviation of lipid peroxidation (p < 0.05) in both tissues, whereas post-treatment exerted significant effect only in kidney. Similarly, Cr(VI)-induced NPSH decline was restored by NAC pre-treatment in both tissues (p < 0.05); however, NAC post-treatment could only replenish NPSH in liver (p < 0.05). Regarding enzyme activities, in liver tissue NAC pre-treatment provided significant restoration on Cr(VI)-induced CAT inhibition (p < 0.05), while SOD enzyme activity was regulated to some extent. In kidney, SOD activity was efficiently restored by both treatments (p < 0.05), whereas CAT enzyme alteration could not be totally relieved. Additionally, NAC pre-treatment in both tissues and post-treatment in liver exerted significant tissue Cr level decreases (p < 0.05). Overall, especially NAC pre-treatment seems to provide beneficial effects in regulating pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance and Cr accumulation caused by Cr(VI) in liver and kidney. This finding may be due to several mechanisms including extracellular reduction or chelation of Cr(VI) by readily available NAC