Calcium- and sodium-activated potassium channels (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database

Calcium- and sodium- activated potassium channels are members of the 6TM family of K channels which comprises the voltage-gated KV subfamilies, including the KCNQ subfamily, the EAG subfamily (which includes herg channels), the Ca2+-activated Slo subfamily (actually with 6 or 7TM) and the Ca2+- and Na+-activated SK subfamily (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Calcium- and sodium-activated potassium channels [124]). As for the 2TM family, the pore-forming a subunits form tetramers and heteromeric channels may be formed within subfamilies (e.g. KV1.1 with KV1.2; KCNQ2 with KCNQ3)

Calcium- and sodium-activated potassium channels (KCa, KNa) in GtoPdb v.2021.3

Calcium- and sodium- activated potassium channels are members of the 6TM family of K channels which comprises the voltage-gated KV subfamilies, including the KCNQ subfamily, the EAG subfamily (which includes hERG channels), the Ca2+-activated Slo subfamily (actually with 6 or 7TM) and the Ca2+- and Na+-activated SK subfamily (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Calcium- and sodium-activated potassium channels [125]). As for the 2TM family, the pore-forming a subunits form tetramers and heteromeric channels may be formed within subfamilies (e.g. KV1.1 with KV1.2; KCNQ2 with KCNQ3)

Calcium- and sodium-activated potassium channels (KCa, KNa) in GtoPdb v.2023.1

Calcium- and sodium- activated potassium channels are members of the 6TM family of K channels which comprises the voltage-gated KV subfamilies, including the KCNQ subfamily, the EAG subfamily (which includes hERG channels), the Ca2+-activated Slo subfamily (actually with 6 or 7TM) and the Ca2+- and Na+-activated SK subfamily (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Calcium- and sodium-activated potassium channels [126]). As for the 2TM family, the pore-forming a subunits form tetramers and heteromeric channels may be formed within subfamilies (e.g. KV1.1 with KV1.2; KCNQ2 with KCNQ3)

Voltage-gated potassium channels (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database

The 6TM family of K channels comprises the voltage-gated KV subfamilies, the EAG subfamily (which includes hERG channels), the Ca2+-activated Slo subfamily (actually with 7TM, termed BK) and the Ca2+-activated SK subfamily. These channels possess a pore-forming α subunit that comprise tetramers of identical subunits (homomeric) or of different subunits (heteromeric). Heteromeric channels can only be formed within subfamilies (e.g. Kv1.1 with Kv1.2; Kv7.2 with Kv7.3). The pharmacology largely reflects the subunit composition of the functional channel

Voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv) in GtoPdb v.2021.3

The 6TM family of K channels comprises the voltage-gated KV subfamilies, the EAG subfamily (which includes hERG channels), the Ca2+-activated Slo subfamily (actually with 7TM, termed BK) and the Ca2+-activated SK subfamily. These channels possess a pore-forming α subunit that comprise tetramers of identical subunits (homomeric) or of different subunits (heteromeric). Heteromeric channels can only be formed within subfamilies (e.g. Kv1.1 with Kv1.2; Kv7.2 with Kv7.3). The pharmacology largely reflects the subunit composition of the functional channel

allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation hct in the eighth decade of life how much does age matter

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Digitise This! A Quick and Easy Remote Sensing Method to Monitor the Daily Extent of Dredge Plumes

Technological advancements in remote sensing and GIS have improved natural resource managers’ abilities to monitor large-scale disturbances. In a time where many processes are heading towards automation, this study has regressed to simple techniques to bridge a gap found in the advancement of technology. The near-daily monitoring of dredge plume extent is common practice using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery and associated algorithms to predict the total suspended solids (TSS) concentration in the surface waters originating from floods and dredge plumes. Unfortunately, these methods cannot determine the difference between dredge plume and benthic features in shallow, clear water. This case study at Barrow Island, Western Australia, uses hand digitising to demonstrate the ability of human interpretation to determine this difference with a level of confidence and compares the method to contemporary TSS methods. Hand digitising was quick, cheap and required very little training of staff to complete. Results of ANOSIM R statistics show remote sensing derived TSS provided similar spatial results if they were thresholded to at least 3 mg L-1. However, remote sensing derived TSS consistently provided false-positive readings of shallow benthic features as Plume with a threshold up to TSS of 6 mg L-1, and began providing false-negatives (excluding actual plume) at a threshold as low as 4 mg L-1. Semi-automated processes that estimate plume concentration and distinguish between plumes and shallow benthic features without the arbitrary nature of human interpretation would be preferred as a plume monitoring method. However, at this stage, the hand digitising method is very useful and is more accurate at determining plume boundaries over shallow benthic features and is accessible to all levels of management with basic training

Fetal growth and birth weight are independently reduced by malaria infection and curable sexually transmitted and reproductive tract infections in Kenya, Tanzania, and Malawi: A pregnancy cohort study

Objective Malaria and sexually transmitted and reproductive tract infections (STIs/RTIs) are highly prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa and associated with poor pregnancy outcomes. We investigated the individual and combined effects of malaria and curable STIs/RTIs on fetal growth in Kenya, Tanzania, and Malawi. Methods This study was nested within a randomized trial comparing monthly intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in pregnancy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine versus dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, alone or combined with azithromycin. Fetal weight gain was assessed by serial prenatal ultrasound. Malaria was assessed monthly, and Treponema pallidum, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, Chlamydia trachomatis and bacterial vaginosis at enrolment and in the third trimester. The effect of malaria and STIs/RTIs on fetal weight/birthweight Z-scores was evaluated using mixed-effects linear regression. Results 1,435 pregnant women had fetal/birth weight assessed 3,950 times. Compared to women without malaria or STIs/RTIs (n=399), malaria-only (n=267), STIs/RTIs-only (n=410) or both (n=353) were associated with reduced fetal growth (adjusted mean difference in fetal/birth weight Z-score [95% CI]: malaria=-0.18 [-0.31,-0.04], p=0.01]; STIs/RTIs=-0.14 [-0.26,-0.03], p=0.01]; both=-0.20 [-0.33,-0.07], p=0.003). Paucigravidae experienced the greatest impact. Conclusion Malaria and STIs/RTIs are associated with poor fetal growth especially among paucigravidae women with dual infections. Integrated antenatal interventions are needed to reduce the burden of both malaria and STIs/RTIs

ENIGMA and global neuroscience: A decade of large-scale studies of the brain in health and disease across more than 40 countries

This review summarizes the last decade of work by the ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) Consortium, a global alliance of over 1400 scientists across 43 countries, studying the human brain in health and disease. Building on large-scale genetic studies that discovered the first robustly replicated genetic loci associated with brain metrics, ENIGMA has diversified into over 50 working groups (WGs), pooling worldwide data and expertise to answer fundamental questions in neuroscience, psychiatry, neurology, and genetics. Most ENIGMA WGs focus on specific psychiatric and neurological conditions, other WGs study normal variation due to sex and gender differences, or development and aging; still other WGs develop methodological pipelines and tools to facilitate harmonized analyses of "big data" (i.e., genetic and epigenetic data, multimodal MRI, and electroencephalography data). These international efforts have yielded the largest neuroimaging studies to date in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance use disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, epilepsy, and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. More recent ENIGMA WGs have formed to study anxiety disorders, suicidal thoughts and behavior, sleep and insomnia, eating disorders, irritability, brain injury, antisocial personality and conduct disorder, and dissociative identity disorder. Here, we summarize the first decade of ENIGMA's activities and ongoing projects, and describe the successes and challenges encountered along the way. We highlight the advantages of collaborative large-scale coordinated data analyses for testing reproducibility and robustness of findings, offering the opportunity to identify brain systems involved in clinical syndromes across diverse samples and associated genetic, environmental, demographic, cognitive, and psychosocial factors