Optimización del proceso de desescarche en una instalación frigorífica

En este trabajo de fin de grado se estudia la generaci´on de escarcha en el evaporador de una c´amara frigor´ıfica. Para ello, se ha registrado, en intervalos de un minuto durante 24 horas, la temperatura y humedad relativa del aire a la entrada y salida del evaporador. Posteriormente, se han calculado diversos par´ametros del aire h´umedo, para determinar la cantidad de hielo generado. Una vez conocida la cantidad de hielo generado, se ha calculado el tiempo necesario para su fusi´on, teniendo en cuenta la potencia de las resistencias el´ectricas instaladas en el evaporador. Finalmente, se han establecido alternativas a la temporalizaci´on y a la potencia necesaria en las resistencias el´ectricas, proponiendo soluciones m´as eficientes tanto desde el punto de vista energ´etico como econ´omico.In this final-degree project, the generation of frost over the evaporator of a cold room will be studied. To do this, the temperature and relative humidity of the air at the inlet and outlet of the evaporator have been recorded at one-minute intervals for a period of up to 24 hours. Subsequently, to determine the amount of ice produced from the most air, several parameters have been calculated. Once the amount of ice generated is known, the time necessary for its melting has been calculated, taking into account the power of the electric heaters installed in the evaporator. Finally, alternatives to temporalization and the necessary power in electrical heaters have been established, proposing more efficient solutions both from an energy and economic point of view

Desarrollo y evaluación de un dispositivo de balón-coil para la oclusión mediante técnicas de cateterismo del ductus arterioso persistente de calibre mayor.

El DAP (Ductus Arterioso Persistente) es una comunicación vascular anormal congénita. Se planteó el desarrollo de un protocolo para implementar un dispositivo de balón-coil (DBC) universal implantable por cateterismo para ocluir DAP y evaluar su eficacia y seguridad en un modelo animal. Se diseñó y fabricó un DBC adaptable, de manipulación tradicional. Se realizaron 14 experimentos en un modelo animal. Se evaluó la eficacia y seguridad del DBC. Se solicitó una patente de modelo de utilidad. Se establecieron pautas óptimas del manejo animal. Se logró posicionamiento, liberación e implantación del DBC y cierre exitoso del DBC. Deben hacerse más liberaciones exitosas del DBC

Calidad científica: Definición, historia, y aplicaciones

La investigación científica contribuye a la generación de nuevos productos, procesos y servicios para satisfacer los requerimientos de los clientes en todos los sectores productivos, y para esto se hace necesario identificar y esclarecer si existe un concepto unificado de “calidad científica”, y cuáles son las posturas de los diferentes autores en su significado. Para dar respuesta a este propósito, se realizó una revisión sistemática de literatura bajo la metodología propuesta por Kitchenham, la cual permitió identificar los diversos conceptos y corrientes ideológicas que marcan una posición o acercamiento sobre cómo definir la “calidad científica” como un concepto único, cuáles son sus componentes y de qué forma se valida. Edward Deming y Walter Shewhart se sitúan como unos de los primeros autores en mencionar la “calidad científica” como un concepto unificado, relacionándola al proceso científico clásico de hipótesis, experimentación y prueba de hipótesis (método científico aplicado a las organizaciones). La revisión de literatura no arrojó un concepto único de “calidad científica”, este se asocia a la sinergia de los conceptos de “calidad” y “ciencia”. Además, su significado depende del contexto de aplicación, ya sea desde el ámbito organizacional, los procesos de investigación o la publicación científica. Actualmente, existen iniciativas como la propuesta por la Organización Internacional de Estandarización (ISO) para establecer lineamientos y guías referentes a la “calidad científica”, enmarcada en los procesos de investigación y divulgación

Seminario de Investigación Aplicada 2017 – I

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo mostrar la internacionalización y la importancia de cada uno de los temas a tratar en este libro que se llevó a cabo en el seminario de investigación aplicada que tomo por nombre de gestión financiera y contable bajo estándares internacionales. Colombia al ser uno de los últimos países de américa latina en implementar las normas de información financiera – NIIF busca la necesidad de llevar a cabo esta nueva normatividad logrando aplicar el decreto 1314 del 2009, por ende los estudiantes de último semestre del programa de contaduría pública de la Universidad Piloto de Colombia Seccional Alto Magdalena quienes tomaron por opción de grado el seminario de investigación aplicada, buscan consolidar por medio de varias problemáticas que se presentan actualmente en la mayoría de empresas tanto de personas naturales como jurídicas, obteniendo de esta manera aclarar dudas e inquietudes que se generan por medio de un trabajo realizado como una monografía de grado

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23–0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Interpretation: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research