A pharmacogenetic intervention for the improvement of the safety profile of antipsychotic treatments

Antipsychotic drugs fail to achieve adequate response in 30–50% of treated patients and about 50% of them develop severe and lasting side effects. Treatment failure results in poorer prognosis with devastating repercussions for the patients, carers and broader society. Our study evaluated the clinical benefits of a pharmacogenetic intervention for the personalisation of antipsychotic treatment. Pharmacogenetic information in key CYP polymorphisms was used to adjust clinical doses in a group of patients who started or switched treatment with antipsychotic drugs (PharmG+, N = 123), and their results were compared with those of a group of patients treated following existing clinical guides (PharmG−, N = 167). There was no evidence of significant differences in side effects between the two arms. Although patients who had their antipsychotic dose adjusted according to CYPs polymorphisms (PharmG+) had a bigger reduction in side effects than those treated as usual (PharmG−), the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05 for all comparisons). However, PharmG+ patients treated with CYP2D6 substrates that were carriers of CYP2D6 UMs or PMs variants showed a significantly higher improvement in global, psychic and other UKU side effects than PharmG− patients (p = 0.02, p = 0.05 and p = 0.01, respectively). PharmG+ clozapine treated patients with CYP1A2 or CYP2C19 UM and PMs variants also showed higher reductions in UKU scores than PharmG− clozapine patients in general. However, those differences were not statistically significant. Pharmacogenetic interventions may improve the safety of antipsychotic treatments by reducing associated side effects. This intervention may be particularly useful when considering treatment with antipsychotics with one major metabolic pathway, and therefore more susceptible to be affected by functional variants of CYP enzymes.This research was funded by grants from the Institute Carlos III (FIS PI11/02006; FIS PI16/01029). A.G.-R. was partially funded by a private grant from the Jové family. Genotyping was partially conducted by the CEGEN-PRB2-ISCIII node, which is supported by grant PT13/001, ISCIIISGEFI/ FEDER

Immigrant population in Barcelona: residential characteristics and use of public space

The arrival of numerous immigrant populations in the last decade is causing deep changes in the physical and social morphology of the Spanish cities. This population locates in specific areas of our cities and has distinct settlement patterns from those of the native population. Likewise, the characteristics of their housing and the use that they make of the public space are different from those of the rest of the population. In this paper does a characterization of the physical conditions of the dwellings where this population live and of the public space that the immigrants use and the social consequences that these challenges involve. The territorial area of the research is the Metropolitan Region of Barcelona. It has been developed in different neighborhoods of the RMB with different urban and demographic characteristics and with a high concentration of immigrant population. The methodology used has been a combination of quantitative and qualitative techniques. First of all, a quantitative approach on the housing and the public space of the zone of studied has been made. Afterwards, different qualitative methods to study the results in depth (participant observation, interviews, analysis of photographies) have been used.Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible: 11. Ciutats i comunitats sosteniblesObjectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible: 10. Reducció de les desigualtatsPostprint (author's final draft

Caracterización de las Rutinas de Niños y Niñas en Situación de Cuarentena Pertenecientes a las Modalidades de Atención a la Primera Infancia Familiar, Comunitario e Institucional del instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar de los Municipios del Alto Occidente de Caldas y Pereira Risaralda

La investigación se realizó con el propósito de caracterizar las rutinas que se establecieron durante la cuarentena decretada por el gobierno Nacional y Departamental ocasionada por el COVID-19 en población de primera infancia. Es una investigación de carácter exploratorio con enfoque mixto. Se analizaron las actividades realizadas durante el tiempo de cuarentena por parte de los niños, niñas y familias pertenecientes a algunas modalidades (institucional, familiar y comunitario) del Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar en los contextos rural y urbano. Los resultados indicaron cambios en las rutinas de sueño, los horarios y cantidades en el consumo de alimentos, el incremento de uso de pantallas, las maneras de socializar con la familia, las dinámicas y contexto de juegos..

Caracterización de las Rutinas de Niños y Niñas en Situación de Cuarentena Pertenecientes a las Modalidades de Atención a la Primera Infancia Familiar, Comunitario e Institucional del instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar de los Municipios del Alto Occidente de Caldas y Pereira Risaralda

La investigación se realizó con el propósito de caracterizar las rutinas que se establecieron durante la cuarentena decretada por el gobierno Nacional y Departamental ocasionada por el COVID-19 en población de primera infancia. Es una investigación de carácter exploratorio con enfoque mixto. Se analizaron las actividades realizadas durante el tiempo de cuarentena por parte de los niños, niñas y familias pertenecientes a algunas modalidades (institucional, familiar y comunitario) del Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar en los contextos rural y urbano. Los resultados indicaron cambios en las rutinas de sueño, los horarios y cantidades en el consumo de alimentos, el incremento de uso de pantallas, las maneras de socializar con la familia, las dinámicas y contexto de juegos..

Protección antioxidante de zarzamora para disminuir daño muscular en atletas de elite

La actividad física de alta intensidad o competencia puede generar daño muscular pudiendo afectar el rendimiento de los atletas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar si los antioxidantes presentes en la zarzamora favorecen el proceso de recuperación sobre el daño muscular en atletas a través de la cuantificación de creatincinasa (CK) y urea tras una semana de competencia. Se evaluó la CK y urea en plasma del grupo experimental (GE) y un grupo placebo (GP), en las siguientes etapas: (basal) previo a la ingesta del jugo, (pre) al inicio de la competencia, (final) al final de la competencia, (24h), (48h) y (72h) finalizado el último partido. En relación a la CK, se observaron diferencias significativas en el GE en las etapas de pre y la final con respecto a la basal (p < 0.05), en la toma final con respecto a la pre (p < 0.05) y en la toma 48h y 72h con relación a la final (p < 0.05). En el GP únicamente se encontraron diferencias significativas (p < 0.05) entre las tomas 48h y 72h con relación a la final. En la concentración de urea se presentó diferencia en las tomas final, 24h y 48 h con relación a la pre (p < 0.05), en el GP no hubo diferencias significativas en ninguna de las tomas. Estos resultados sugieren que el consumo de zarzamora contribuye a la recuperación del daño muscular.High intensity physical activity can provoke muscle damage and consequently affect athletes' performance. The aim of this study was to determine if antioxidants contained in blackberry can stimulate athletes' processes of recovery from muscle damage, using Creatine Kinase (CK) quantification and urea values after a week of competition as indicators. Participants were divided into an experimental (EG) and a placebo group (CG). In both groups, CK and urea in plasma were measured before, during and after competition. Significant differences were observed in EG at pre and post phases, compared to the basal (p < 0.05). Further, significant differences were found in the pre-post analysis of EG (p < 0.05), as well as after 48h and 72h compared with post-test (p < 0.05). Significant differences were also found for CG (p < 0.05) at 48h and 72h compared to post-test. As regard to urea concentration, differences were shown at post-test, after 24h, and after 48h compared to pre-test (p < 0.05). CG showed no significant differences at any stage of the research. These results suggest that consumption of blackberries may contribute to muscle damage recovery.A atividade física de alta intensidade ou a competição pode levar a lesão muscular e pode afetar o desempenho dos atletas. O objectivo deste estudo foi determinar se antioxidantes presentes na amora-preta favorecem o processo de recuperação de danos musculares em atletas através da quantificação da creatina quinase (CK) e ureia após uma semana de competição. CK e ureia foi avaliada no plasma do grupo experimental (GE) e um grupo de placebo (GP), nos seguintes passos: (linha de base) antes da ingestão de sumo, (pré) no início da competição (final) para final da competição, (24h), (48h) e (72h) no término o último jogo. No que diz respeito a CK, tiveram diferenças significativas no GE no pré e último em relação ao basal (p < .05), na ingestão final sobre a pré (p < .05) e na ingestão 48h e 72h em relação à final (p < .05). No GP unicamente foram encontradas diferenças significativas (p < .05) entre as ingestões 48h e 72h em relação à final. Na concentração de ureia apareceu uma diferença nas ingestões finais, 24h e 48 h em relação ao pré (p < .05) no GP não houve diferenças significativas em nenhumas das ingestões. Estes resultados sugerem que o consumo de amorapreta contribui para a recuperação de lesões musculares

Reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (10-item CD-RISC) in young adults

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (10-item CD-RISC) is an instrument for measuring resilience that has shown good psychometric properties in its original version in English. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the 10-item CD-RISC in young adults and to verify whether it is structured in a single dimension as in the original English version.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>Cross-sectional observational study including 681 university students ranging in age from 18 to 30 years. The number of latent factors in the 10 items of the scale was analyzed by exploratory factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to verify whether a single factor underlies the 10 items of the scale as in the original version in English. The convergent validity was analyzed by testing whether the mean of the scores of the mental component of SF-12 (MCS) and the quality of sleep as measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Index (PSQI) were higher in subjects with better levels of resilience. The internal consistency of the 10-item CD-RISC was estimated using the Cronbach α test and test-retest reliability was estimated with the intraclass correlation coefficient.</p> <p>The Cronbach α coefficient was 0.85 and the test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.71. The mean MCS score and the level of quality of sleep in both men and women were significantly worse in subjects with lower resilience scores.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The Spanish version of the 10-item CD-RISC showed good psychometric properties in young adults and thus can be used as a reliable and valid instrument for measuring resilience. Our study confirmed that a single factor underlies the resilience construct, as was the case of the original scale in English.</p

Condiciones habitacionales y urbanísticas de la población inmigrada en la Región Metropolitana de Barcelona

En la última década tanto las ciudades catalanas como las del resto del Estado Español, han sufrido importantes modificaciones en su morfología física y social debido a la llegada de numerosa población inmigrante. Esta población se localiza en unas zonas determinadas de nuestras ciudades y tiene unos patrones de asentamiento residencial diferentes a los de la población nativa. Asimismo, las características de sus viviendas y el uso que hacen del espacio público son diferentes a los del resto de la población. En esta ponencia se profundizará en el uso que hace la población inmigrante del espacio público en la Región Metropolitana de Barcelona, qué espacios públicos y qué equipamientos utilizan y si estos se ajustan a sus necesidades cotidianas; qué variables tienen mayor incidencia en este uso (edad, género, procedencia); como interactúa esta población con el resto de población del barrio; qué tipo de usos hacen del espacio público; cómo se relacionan la configuración física y social del espacio….Asimismo, se intentará detallar más escuetamente cuáles son las características habitacionales de esta población: cómo son sus casas y cómo acceden a ella. El ámbito territorial de la investigación es la Región Metropolitana de Barcelona. La investigación se desarrolla en distintos barrios de la RMB con diferentes características urbanísticas y demográficas, pero que tienen en común que cuentan con una concentración de población inmigrante superior a la media de la RMB. La metodología empleada es una combinación de técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas.In the last decade both the Catalan cities as the rest of Spain, has undergone major changes in their physical and social morphology due to the arrival of large immigrant populations. This population is located in specific areas of our cities and has a residential settlement patterns different from the native population. Furthermore, the characteristics of their homes and their use of public space are different from the rest of the population. This paper will delve into the use by the immigrant population of public space in the metropolitan area of Barcelona, what public spaces and what equipment they use and if they fit their daily needs, what variables have the greatest impact in this application (age, gender, origin), as this population interacts with the rest of the neighborhood population, and what kinds of uses made of public space, and how are the physical and social space .... It will try to detail more succinctly what characteristics housing for this population: how are their homes and how to access it. The territorial scope of the research is the metropolitan area of Barcelona. The research is conducted in different districts of the RMB with different urban and demographic characteristics, but they have in common that have a concentration of immigrant population than the average of the RMB. The methodology is a combination of quantitative and qualitative.Peer Reviewe

Schizophrenia risk conferred by rare protein-truncating variants is conserved across diverse human populations

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a chronic mental illness and among the most debilitating conditions encountered in medical practice. A recent landmark SCZ study of the protein-coding regions of the genome identified a causal role for ten genes and a concentration of rare variant signals in evolutionarily constrained genes1. This recent study—and most other large-scale human genetics studies—was mainly composed of individuals of European (EUR) ancestry, and the generalizability of the findings in non-EUR populations remains unclear. To address this gap, we designed a custom sequencing panel of 161 genes selected based on the current knowledge of SCZ genetics and sequenced a new cohort of 11,580 SCZ cases and 10,555 controls of diverse ancestries. Replicating earlier work, we found that cases carried a significantly higher burden of rare protein-truncating variants (PTVs) among evolutionarily constrained genes (odds ratio = 1.48; P = 5.4 × 10−6). In meta-analyses with existing datasets totaling up to 35,828 cases and 107,877 controls, this excess burden was largely consistent across five ancestral populations. Two genes (SRRM2 and AKAP11) were newly implicated as SCZ risk genes, and one gene (PCLO) was identified as shared by individuals with SCZ and those with autism. Overall, our results lend robust support to the rare allelic spectrum of the genetic architecture of SCZ being conserved across diverse human populations.United States Department of Health & Human Services National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA NIH National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) R01MH109536 R01MH118278 R01MH124839 U01MH109536UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Medical Research Council UK (MRC)Janette Mary O'Neil Research FellowshipNational Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of AustraliaInstituto de Salud Carlos III Spanish GovernmentEuropean Regional Development Fund/European Social Fund A Way to Make Europe/Investing in Your FutureInstituto de Salud Carlos III Spanish GovernmentEuropean Regional Development Fund Funds from the European Commission, A Way of Making EuropeCentro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid Regional GovernmentFundacion Familia Alonso MR/L010305/1 MR/P005748/1Fundacion Alicia Koplowitz 1R01MH124851European Regional Development Fund Funds from the European Commission R01MH100125 1I01CX000995Ministry of Health, Italy P50MH066392Takeda Pharmaceutical Company LtdHoffmann-La RocheHoffmann-La RocheUnited States Department of Health & Human Services National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA 1037196 1176716United States Department of Health & Human Services National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA NIH National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) 513861Australian Schizophrenia Research Bank PI18/00238 PI18/00467 B2017/BMD-3740 AGES-CM-2 115916 777394Neuroscience Research Australia PI18/00213 CPII21/00008 MS16/00153 PI19/024 R01MH085542 R01MH093725 P50MH080405 R01MH097276 RO1MH-075916 P50M096891 P50MH084053S1 R37MH057881 AG02219 AG05138 MH06692 R01MH110921 R01MH109677 R01MH109897 U01MH103392 U01MH116442 ZIC MH002903 HHSN271201300031C R01AG067025 R01AG065582 R01AG050986 R01MH125246 R01MH10605

Infectious agents associated with schizophrenia: a meta-analysis

Schizophrenia is a highly disabling and limiting disorder for patients and the possibility that infections by some microorganisms may be associated to its development may allow prevention and recovery. In the current study we have done a meta-analysis of studies that have assessed the possible association between detection of different infectious agents and schizophrenia. We report results that support the idea that there is a statistically significant association between schizophrenia and infection by Human Herpesvirus 2 (OR=1.34; CI 95%: 1.09-1.70; p=0.05), Borna Disease Virus (OR=2.03; CI 95%: 1.35-3.06; p<0.01), Human Endogenous Retrovirus W (OR=19.31; CI 95%: 6.74-55.29; p<0.001), Chlamydophila pneumoniae (OR=6.34; CI 95%: 2.83-14.19; p<0.001), Chlamydophila psittaci (OR=29.05; CI 95%: 8.91-94.70; p<0.001) and Toxoplasma gondii (OR=2.70; CI 95%: 1.34-4.42; p=0.005). The implications of these findings are discussed and further research options are also explicated

Identification of Differentially Expressed MicroRNAs in the Rat Hippocampus during Adolescence through an Epigenome-Wide Analysis

This study was funded by the research projects PID2020-114269GB-I00 (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033), BSEJ.514.UGR20 (FEDER, Junta de Andalucía, Spain), “Instituto de Salud Carlos III,” project PI18/00467 (co-funded by European Regional Development Fund/European Social Fund “A way to make Europe”/“Investing in your future”), and a predoctoral fellowship to AV-Á (FPU18/05012, MIU, Spain).Introduction: Epigenetic mechanisms involving microRNAs (miRNAs) play a fundamental role in many biological processes, particularly during prenatal and early postnatal development. Their role in adolescent brain development, however, has been poorly described. The present study aimed to explore miRNA expression in the hippocampus during adolescence compared to adulthood in rats. Method: The brains of female and male Wistar rats were extracted, and the hippocampus was freshly dissected at postnatal day 41 (adolescence) and postnatal day 98 (adulthood). An epigenome-wide analysis was conducted to identify the miRNAs significantly expressed in adolescence compared to adulthood. Additionally, target genes of such miRNAs were considered to perform an exploratory Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Results: We identified 16 differentially expressed miRNAs in adolescent male rats compared with adult male rats and 4 differentially expressed miRNAs in adolescent females compared with adult females. Enrichment analysis reinforced that the target genes found are related to neurodevelopmental processes such as cell proliferation, cell migration, and nervous system development. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a complex pattern of miRNA expression during adolescence, which differs from that in adulthood. The differential expression of miRNA in the hippocampus during adolescence may be associated with the late developmental changes occurring in this brain region. Furthermore, the observed sex differences in miRNA expression patterns indicate potential sexual differentiation in hippocampal development. Further comprehensive investigations are needed to elucidate the roles of miRNA in normal brain development.MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 PID2020-114269GB-I00FEDER BSEJ.514.UGR20Junta de Andalucía, SpainEuropean Regional Development Fund “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” PI18/00467FPU18/05012, MIU, SpainUniversity of Granad