Controlling African Cassava Mosaic Disease

African cassava mosaic disease (ACMD)is caused by a virus and, as its implies, appears to be confined to Africa.A similar disease caused by a closelyrelated virus occurs in India, but the virus which causes the disease known ascassava mosaic disease, found in South America, belongs to adifferent group. It follows, therefore, that the original cassava introductionsinto Africa were free of the disease and were invaded by a virus present insome other host or hosts whose identity has yet to be established.ACMD was first described in the 19th century (Warburg, 1894)and isnow found wherever cassava is grown in Africa. Ironically, it is because thedisease is widespread that its importance has received little attention-somany plantings few, if any, healthy plants that ACMD infection hasto be regarded as a normal condition of the crop. Consequently, it notgenerally realized that ACMD causes serious yield losses.Plants infected with ACMD are not killed but show pale green or yellow areason the leaves, which are commonly small and distorted. Tubers are reduced insize and number. Stem diameter and overall size are also reduced. Yieldreduction may be severe. of up to 95%have been reported and theoverall reduction in Africa may be as high as 50%.The virus which causesACMD belongs to the gemini virus group, whose paired particles are visibleonly under an electron microscope.A number of strains of the virus have nowbeen recognized (Bock and Harrison, but strain differences are not importantfor practical field control.ACMD is spread in two ways: when the whitefly tabaci) feeds first ondiseased plants and then on healthy plants; or when diseased cuttings areused to establish a crop. The relative importance of the two ways depends onseveral factors, but yield losses are greatest when plants are derived frominfected cuttings (Briant and Johns, 1940).The reduction in yield caused when a previously healthy plant is infected bywhitefly depends on the stage of growth at which this occurs. There nosignificant yield reduction if infection occurs more than 120days afterplanting (Fargette et al., 1986) but of course cuttings taken from such plantswill give reduced yields in the next crop.Cassava has become the most important food crop in Africa because of itshigh yield capacity and its ability to grow in poor soils

Integrated reporting: A structured literature review

This paper reviews the field of integrated reporting () to develop insights into how research is developing, offer a critique of the research to date, and outline future research opportunities. We find that most published research presents normative arguments for and there is little research examining practice. Thus, we call for more research that critiques ’s rhetoric and practice. To frame future research we refer to parallels from intellectual capital research that identifies four distinct research stages to outline how research might emerge. Thus, this paper offers an insightful critique into an emerging accounting practice

Analysis of Performance and Power Aspects of Hypervisors in Soft Real-Time Embedded Systems

The exponential growth of malware designed to attack soft real-time embedded systems has necessitated solutions to secure these systems. Hypervisors are a solution, but the overhead imposed by them needs to be quantitatively understood. Experiments were conducted to quantify the overhead hypervisors impose on soft real-time embedded systems. A soft real-time computer vision algorithm was executed, with average and worst-case execution times measured as well as the average power consumption. These experiments were conducted with two hypervisors and a control configuration. The experiments showed that each hypervisor imposed differing amounts of overhead, with one achieving near native performance and the other noticeably impacting the performance of the system

The Concordiensis, Volume 25, Number 5

Advertisements; The Garnet Triumphant; The Freshman Banquet; Juniors and Sophomores Tie; Albany Law School; At The Medical; Football Scores; An Amusing Situation; Seniors 5 sophomores 0; The Message; Accidents of Football; Campues Notes; Coming Games; The Alumni Column; Dr. Denis Wortman Retires; Advertisementshttps://digitalworks.union.edu/concordiensis_1901/1021/thumbnail.jp

The Concordiensis, Volume 25, Number 14

Advertisements; McKinley\u27s Birthday Exercises at the Law School; Promising Baseball Season; The Scotch People; Southern Club; Eulogy of McKinley; Note; Education Here and Abroad; Magnificent Gift to Harvard; Book Review; The House of Caesar ; Plans for Convocation Week; College Talk; The Alumni Column; Dr. Hale to Lecture; College Calendar; Underpayment of Professors; Syracuse Endowment Fund; Tiger\u27s Eye; Inter-Collegiate; Advertisementshttps://digitalworks.union.edu/concordiensis_1902/1004/thumbnail.jp

The Concordiensis, Volume 25, Number 3

Advertisements; Biographical Sketch of the Late Professor Maurice Perkins, M.D.; Gulian Lansing; The Cornell Game; Union 0 Amherst 0; Union 21, Colgate 0; The Junior Hop; Class Elections; The Alumni Column; At the Law School; The Yale Bi-Centennial; Prominent Football Games for October 26; Advertisementshttps://digitalworks.union.edu/concordiensis_1901/1019/thumbnail.jp

The Tree Troopers

The Civilian Conservation Corps is now three years old. It was created by Act of Congress of March 31, 1933, and on April 10, 1933, the first of the American youth signed up in this great social experiment. It was an experiment in unemployment relief, in government organization, in using green and raw youth in conservation. It was an unusual experiment in federal and state cooperation, involving 4 different government departments and 48 different states. The game started with a bang and the rules had to be made as the game went on. Plays had to be worked out and tried as the game progressed; some proved to be good and have been used ever since, others had to be dropped. The game went on, and still goes on

The Concordiensis, Volume 25, Number 19

Advertisements; Shylock; Beta Theta Pi Smoker; Inter-Class Meet in Gymnasium; Men and Measures at Washington; At the Law School; Telephone for Silliman Hall; Caps and Gowns for Seniors; William H. Seward at Union College; Chi Psi Convention; Track Prospects; College Talk; Advertisementshttps://digitalworks.union.edu/concordiensis_1902/1009/thumbnail.jp