Culture proven bacterial endophthalmitis: a 6-year review

PURPOSE: To assess the distribution of microorganisms isolated from patients with bacterial endophthalmitis and their antimicrobial susceptibility. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of medical and microbiological records of patients with suspected diagnosis of endophthalmitis and bacterial culture-proven at the Department of Ophthalmology, UNIFESP, between January 1 2000 and December 31 2005. RESULTS: 153 (33.9%) of 451 patients showed positive bacterial culture. A total of 155 microorganisms were isolated, 79.35% were gram-positive and 20.65% gram-negative. Staphylococcus (CoNS) (41.94%) were the most frequently isolated. The antimicrobial susceptibility for gram-negative microorganisms was as follows: amikacin 87.10%, tobramycin 80.65%, ciprofloxacin 96.67%, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin 100%, ceftazidime 85.0%, and gentamicin 80.65%. Vancomycin sensitivity among gram-positive microorganisms was 100%. S. aureus and CoNS showed 83.33% of susceptibility to oxacillin, 89.61% to ciprofloxacin and 100% to gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin. The main acquisition mechanism was postoperative (60.65%). CONCLUSION: We detected a low sensitivity of vitreous/aqueous culture for the etiologic diagnosis of endophthalmitis. The empiric antimicrobial therapy or prophylaxis should be active against gram-positive bacteria, particularly staphylococci. Surveillance studies of bacterial resistance are important for a better utilization of antimicrobials in this clinical setting.OBJETIVO: Determinar a distribuição dos microrganismos isolados de pacientes com endoftalmite bacteriana e sua sensibilidade a antimicrobianos. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados retrospectivamente os dados clínicos e microbiológicos dos pacientes com hipótese diagnóstica de endoftalmite e cultura bacteriana positiva, atendidos no Departamento de Oftalmologia da UNIFESP de 1º de janeiro de 2000 a 31 de dezembro de 2005. RESULTADOS: De 451 pacientes, 153 (33,9%) apresentaram cultura bacteriana positiva. Foram isolados 155 microrganismos, sendo 79,35% gram-positivos e 20,65% gram-negativos. Os Staphylococcus coagulase-negativos (SCoN) (41,94%) foram os mais freqüentemente isolados. A sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos entre os gram-negativos foi: amicacina 87,10%, tobramicina 80,65%, ciprofloxacina 96,67%, levofloxacina, gatifloxacina e moxifloxacina 100%, ceftazidima 85%, e gentamicina 80,65%. A sensibilidade à vancomicina entre os gram-positivos foi de 100%. S. aureus e SCoN apresentaram 83,33% de sensibilidade à oxacilina, 89,61% à ciprofloxacina e 100% à gatifloxacina e moxifloxacina. A forma de aquisição predominante foi a pós-operatória (60,65%). CONCLUSÃO: Observamos baixa sensibilidade da cultura para o diagnóstico etiológico das endoftalmites. Uma terapia antimicrobiana ou profilaxia empírica deve ser ativa contra os microrganismos gram-positivos, particularmente contra estafilococos. Estudos de vigilância de resistência bacteriana são importantes para adequação desses esquemas.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) - UNIFESP Departamento de Medicina Laboratório Especial de Microbiologia Clínica - LEMCUNIFESP Departamento de OftalmologiaFundação Faculdade Federal de Ciências Médicas de Porto Alegre - FFFCMPA Departamento de Microbiologia e ParasitologiaUNIFESP Departamento de Oftalmologia Laboratório de MicrobiologiaUNIFESP Departamento de Oftalmologia Laboratório de Microbiologia OcularUNIFESP Departamento de Medicina Laboratório Especial de Microbiologia ClínicaUNIFESP, Depto. de Medicina Laboratório Especial de Microbiologia Clínica - LEMCUNIFESP, Depto. de OftalmologiaUNIFESP, Depto. de Oftalmologia Laboratório de MicrobiologiaUNIFESP, Depto. de Oftalmologia Laboratório de Microbiologia OcularUNIFESP, Depto. de Medicina Laboratório Especial de Microbiologia ClínicaSciEL

A BIOMECHANICAL MODEL OF THE CERVICAL SPINE DURING CYCLING

With the objective of estimating the internal forces in the cervical spine during cycling, nine subjects pedaled in three postures. The image of the sagittal posture of the spine was recorded through filming and the muscle activity of the cervical extensors was registered. Reflexive markers were placed on anatomical points on the head and the cervical spine. One subject was submitted to radiological exam of the head and cervical spine in the sagittal plane with lead markers placed on the same anatomical points of reference. Muscular force was calculated using the inverse dynamics technique. The results demonstrate that muscular strength and the RMS value increase significantly (

LOWER LIMB FORCE, POWER AND PERFORMANCE IN SKATEBOARDING

The aim of this study was to quantify the contribution of muscle force and power of the lower limbs to the performance of the Ollie in beginner level skateboarders. Ten male athletes who had practiced for at least two years were submitted to three kinds of test: (1) maximal voluntary contraction of the knee and hip extensor muscles; (2) vertical jump tests, Counter Movement Jump (CMJ) and Squat Jump (SJ); and (3) a test developed specifically for this study, to measure the maximum height achieved during the Ollie manoeuvre. The data obtained were submitted to simple linear regression analysis. The results demonstrate that the variance of the Ollie manoeuvre (

LACTATE THRESHOLD USING MATHEMATICAL DETECTION OF THE EMG DURING INCREMENTAL PEDALING EXERCISE

The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of using the EMG as a noninvasive method to estimate LT in non-athletes subjects. Twenty-four non-athletes subjects performed an incremental exercise protocol that consisted of stepwise increases in power output of 25W every 3 minutes until exhaustion at 80 rpm. The EMG was recorded from the right vastus lateralis and right rectus femoris each 15 seconds. Blood samples were taken every 3 minutes. The LT was determined using a log-log transformation model. The EMGT was determined mathemathically using MATLAB® software that models RMS response to gradual exercise using linear regression. The results showed high the correlation coefficients between EMGT and LT, and the validity of using EMG to estimate the LT power output was confirmed

Effect of the aqueous extract of Hyptis pectinata on hepatocyte proliferation after partial hepatectomy

OBJETIVO: O uso de plantas medicinais tem aumentado mundialmente. Então, é necessário saber seus possíveis efeitos a fim de estabelecer seu uso correto em seres humanos. Dessa forma, neste trabalho se propôs a estudar os efeitos do extrato aquoso das folhas da Hyptis pectinata, popularmente conhecida como "sambacaitá" ou "canudinho", sobre a regeneração hepática após hepatectomia parcial em ratos. MÉTODOS: Dez ratos foram divididos em 2 grupos: grupos HP, que foi submetido à hepatectomia de 67% após 4 dias de administração de água destilada; e o grupo HP100, que foi submetido à hepatectomia parcial e administração oral de 100 mg/kg do extrato aquoso da Hyptis pectinata pelo mesmo período de tempo. Todos os animais foram sacrificados 24 horas após o procedimento cirúrgico. A regeneração foi analisada através do método de imuno-histoquímica PCNA, usando o anticorpo monoclonal PC-10. RESULTADOS: O índice de regeneração hepática estava significativamente elevado no grupo HP100 (p<0,05). CONCLUSÕES: O presente estudo mostra que o extrato aquoso das folhas da Hyptis pectinata pode estimular a regeneração hepática na concentração de 100 mg/kg. Disponível em URL_____________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT:OBJECTIVE: The use of medicinal plants has increased worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary to know their possible effects in order to establish their correct use on human beings. Taking it into account, the objective of this study was to assess the effects of the aqueous extract of Hyptis pectinata leaves, popularly known as "sambacaitá" or "canudinho", on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rats. METHODS: Ten rats were divided into 2 groups: HP group, which underwent 67% hepatectomy after 4 days of distilled water administration; and HP100 group, which was submitted to partial hepatectomy and oral administration of 100 mg/kg of the aqueous extract of Hyptis pectinata for the same period of time. All animals were sacrificed 24 hours after the surgical procedure. Liver regeneration was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) using the PC-10 monoclonal antibody. RESULTS: The hepatic regeneration index was significantly increased in HP100 group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows that the aqueous extract of Hyptis pectinata leaves can stimulate liver regeneration at 100 mg/kg

Efeito do extrato aquoso de Sida cordifolia na regeneração hepática após hepatectomia parcial

Introdução: O uso de plantas medicinais para o tratamento de patologias humanas tem aumentado em todo mundo. Muitas delas são usadas por administração oral, e após a absorção podem afetar muitos órgãos. Objetivo: Esse estudo, tem como objetivo verificar o efeito do extrato aquoso de Sida cordifolia, popularmente conhecida no Brasil como “malva-branca”, na regeneração hepática. Métodos: Vinte ratos foram divididos em 4 grupos: controle, Sida 100, Sida 200 e Sida 400. Os animais foram submetidos a administração oral de água destilada, 100, 200 e 400 mg/kg de extrato aquoso de Sida cordifolia, respectivamente. Imediatamente após, foi realizada hepatectomia parcial 67%. Vinte quatro horas após, os fígados foram removidos. A regeneração hepática foi avaliada por imunohistoquímica (PCNA), usando o anticorpo monoclonal PC-10. Resultados: Os grupos Sida100 e Sida200 mostraram índices de regeneração hepática maiores que o grupo controle (p<0.001 e p<0.05, respectivamente). Conclusão: O extrato aquoso de Sida cordifolia estimula a regeneração hepática após hepatectomia parcial a 67% em ratos. _________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT: Purpose: The use of medicinal plants for the treatment of human diseases has increased worldwide. Many of them are used by oral administration and, after absorption, may affect many organs. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the effects of the aqueous extract of Sida cordifolia leaves, popularly known in Brazil as “malva-branca”, on liver regeneration. Methods: Twenty rats were divided into four groups: control, Sida100, Sida200 and Sida400 groups. All animals were submitted to oral administration of distilled water, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of the aqueous extract of Sida cordifolia, respectively. Immediately after this, they underwent 67% partial hepatectomy. Twenty four hours later, their livers were removed. Hepatic regeneration was assessed by immunohistochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) using the PC-10 monoclonal antibody. Results: Sida100 and Sida200 groups disclosed higher liver regeneration indices than control group (p<0.001 and p<0.05, respectively). Conclusion: The aqueous extract of Sida cordifolia stimulates liver regeneration after 67% partial hepatectomy in rats