4,753 research outputs found
Geometric Scaling and QCD Dynamics in DIS
DIS data from HERA show a striking regularity as \sigma^{\gamma^* p} is a
function of the ratio \tau=Q^2/Q_s^2(x) only. The scaling function shows a
break at \tau ~ 1, which has been taken as an indication for saturation.
However, besides saturation also the transition between dominance of
k_t-ordered (DGLAP) and k_t-non-ordered (BFKL) evolution contributes to a break
around this value of \tau, as well as the suppression for small Q^2 due to
finite quark masses and confinement. In this paper we use a dipole cascade
model based on Mueller's dipole model, which also includes energy conservation
and pomeron mergins, to investigate the contributions of these different
effects to the scaling behaviour. As a result we predict that the scaling
function for \tau 1 GeV^2 become
available. We also investigate the scaling properties of the charm contribution
and the impact parameter dependence of the saturation scale.Comment: references added, figures 2, 7 and 8 updated v3: reference added,
some misprints correcte
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Net solar generation potential from urban rooftops in Los Angeles
Rooftops provide accessible locations for solar energy installations. While rooftop solar arrays can offset in-building electricity needs, they may also stress electric grid operations. Here we present an analysis of net electricity generation potential from distributed rooftop solar in Los Angeles. We integrate spatial and temporal data for property-level electricity demands, rooftop solar generation potential, and grid capacity constraints to estimate the potential for solar to meet on-site demands and supply net exports to the electric grid. In the study area with 1.2 million parcels, rooftop solar could meet 7200 Gigawatt Hours (GWh) of on-site building demands (~29% of demand). Overall potential net generation is negative, meaning buildings use more electricity than they can produce. Yet, cumulative net export potential from solar to grid circuits is 16,400 GWh. Current policies that regulate solar array interconnection to the grid result in unutilized solar power output of 1700 MW. Lower-income and at-risk communities in LA have greater potential for exporting net solar generation to the grid. This potential should be recognized through investments and policy innovations. The method demonstrates the need for considering time-dependent calculations of net solar potential and offers a template for distributed renewable energy planning in cities
Effect of Water Ice Content on Excavatability of Lunar Regolith
The amount of water ice contained within prepared samples of JSC-1 lunar regolith simulant strongly affects the excavatability of the material. As part of a NASA Phase I SBIR project, load-penetration testing of JSC-1 lunar regolith simulant was performed at water ice concentrations ranging from zero to 11% by mass (approximately saturated), after compaction and cooling to simulate probable lunar conditions. After mixing dry JSC-1 simulant with the appropriate amount of water, the samples were individually compressed into containment rings under 48 MPa of pressure. Thermocouples embedded in the samples monitored internal temperature while they were cooled in a bath of liquid nitrogen. At temperatures corresponding to the lunar polar cold traps, a 19mm-diameter hemispherical indenter was forced into the center of each sample while the required force and the resulting penetration were recorded. The results show strong sensitivity to water content. Regolith containing up to 0.3% water ice is very easy to excavate and behaves like weak coal. Regolith with 0.6 to 1.5% ice is readily excavatable and acts like weak shale or mudstone. Regolith with ~8.4% ice would be excavated with mechanical excavators, much like moderate-strength limestones, sandstones, and shales. The highest strength mix (~10.6% ice) behaves like strong limestone or sandstone, which require massive excavators. These results show that realistically compacted ice-regolith mixtures may be harder to excavate than previously believed, and that mixture variability must be well-understood to design effective excavators
Spectra generated by a confined softcore Coulomb potential
Analytic and approximate solutions for the energy eigenvalues generated by a
confined softcore Coulomb potentials of the form a/(r+\beta) in d>1 dimensions
are constructed. The confinement is effected by linear and harmonic-oscillator
potential terms, and also through `hard confinement' by means of an
impenetrable spherical box. A byproduct of this work is the construction of
polynomial solutions for a number of linear differential equations with
polynomial coefficients, along with the necessary and sufficient conditions for
the existence of such solutions. Very accurate approximate solutions for the
general problem with arbitrary potential parameters are found by use of the
asymptotic iteration method.Comment: 17 pages, 2 figure
The Disability Cost Narrative: A Roundtable Discussion
The dominance of “cost narratives” in disability law and discourse warranted the inclusion of a scholarly roundtable discussion devoted to the topic. The transcription below captures this discussion among three disability legal scholars: Professors Elizabeth F. Emens, Kaaryn S. Gustafson, and Jasmine E. Harris
The Disability Cost Narrative: A Roundtable Discussion [transcript]
The dominance of cost narratives in disability law and discourse warranted the inclusion of a scholarly roundtable discussion devoted to the topic. The transcription below captures this discussion among three disability legal scholars: Elizabeth F. Emens, Kaaryn S. Gustafson, and Jasmine E. Harris
Spatial and temporal filtering of a 10-W Nd:YAG laser with a Fabry-Perot ring-cavity premode cleaner
We report on the use of a fixed-spacer Fabry–Perot ring cavity to filter spatially and temporally a 10-W laser-diode-pumped Nd:YAG master-oscillator power amplifier. The spatial filtering leads to a 7.6-W TEMinfinity beam with 0.1% higher-order transverse mode content. The temporal filtering reduces the relative power fluctuations at 10 MHz to 2.8 x 10^-/sqrtHz, which is 1 dB above the shot-noise limit for 50 mA of detected photocurrent
Energies and wave functions for a soft-core Coulomb potential
For the family of model soft Coulomb potentials represented by V(r) =
-\frac{Z}{(r^q+\beta^q)^{\frac{1}{q}}}, with the parameters
Z>0, \beta>0, q \ge 1, it is shown analytically that the potentials and
eigenvalues, E_{\nu\ell}, are monotonic in each parameter. The potential
envelope method is applied to obtain approximate analytic estimates in terms of
the known exact spectra for pure power potentials. For the case q =1, the
Asymptotic Iteration Method is used to find exact analytic results for the
eigenvalues E_{\nu\ell} and corresponding wave functions, expressed in terms of
Z and \beta. A proof is presented establishing the general concavity of the
scaled electron density near the nucleus resulting from the truncated
potentials for all q. Based on an analysis of extensive numerical calculations,
it is conjectured that the crossing between the pair of states
[(\nu,\ell),(\nu',\ell')], is given by the condition \nu'\geq (\nu+1) and \ell'
\geq (\ell+3). The significance of these results for the interaction of an
intense laser field with an atom is pointed out. Differences in the observed
level-crossing effects between the soft potentials and the hydrogen atom
confined inside an impenetrable sphere are discussed.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, title change, minor revision
Finite Larmor radius effects on non-diffusive tracer transport in a zonal flow
Finite Larmor radius (FLR) effects on non-diffusive transport in a
prototypical zonal flow with drift waves are studied in the context of a
simplified chaotic transport model. The model consists of a superposition of
drift waves of the linearized Hasegawa-Mima equation and a zonal shear flow
perpendicular to the density gradient. High frequency FLR effects are
incorporated by gyroaveraging the ExB velocity. Transport in the direction of
the density gradient is negligible and we therefore focus on transport parallel
to the zonal flows. A prescribed asymmetry produces strongly asymmetric non-
Gaussian PDFs of particle displacements, with L\'evy flights in one direction
but not the other. For zero Larmor radius, a transition is observed in the
scaling of the second moment of particle displacements. However, FLR effects
seem to eliminate this transition. The PDFs of trapping and flight events show
clear evidence of algebraic scaling with decay exponents depending on the value
of the Larmor radii. The shape and spatio-temporal self-similar anomalous
scaling of the PDFs of particle displacements are reproduced accurately with a
neutral, asymmetric effective fractional diffusion model.Comment: 14 pages, 13 figures, submitted to Physics of Plasma
RESONANT STRUCTURE IN THE KUIPER DISK: AN ASYMMETRIC PLUTINO DISK
In order to develop a dynamical model of the Kuiper disk, we run numerical integrations of particles originating from source bodies trapped in the 3 : 2 external mean motion resonance with Neptune to determine what percentage of particles remain in the resonance for a variety of particle and source body sizes. The dynamical evolution of the particles is followed from source to sink with Poynting-Robertson light drag, solar wind drag, radiation pressure, the Lorentz force, neutral interstellar gas drag, and the effects of planetary gravitational perturbations included. We find that the number of particles in the 3 : 2 resonance increases with decreasing � (i.e., increasing particle size) for the cases in which the initial source bodies are small (� 10 km in diameter) and that the percentage of particles in resonance is not significantly changed by either the addition of the Lorentz force, as long as the potential of the particles is small (� 5 V), or the effect of neutral interstellar gas drag. The brightness of the entire Kuiper disk is calculated using a model composed of 500 lm diameter particles and fits well with upper limits to the Kuiper disk brightness and previous estimates. A disk with a size-frequency distribution weighted toward large particles, which are more likely to remain in resonance, may have a stronger, more easily identifiable resonant signature than a disk composed of small particles
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