4,232 research outputs found
Color separate singlets in annihilation
We use the method of color effective Hamiltonian to study the properties of
states in which a gluonic subsystem forms a color singlet, and we will study
the possibility that such a subsystem hadronizes as a separate unit. A parton
system can normally be subdivided into singlet subsystems in many different
ways, and one problem arises from the fact that the corresponding states are
not orthogonal. We show that if only contributions of order are
included, the problem is greatly simplified. Only a very limited number of
states are possible, and we present an orthogonalization procedure for these
states. The result is simple and intuitive and could give an estimate of the
possibility to produce color separated gluonic subsystems, if no dynamical
effects are important. We also study with a simple MC the possibility that
configurations which correspond to "short strings" are dynamically favored. The
advantage of our approach over more elaborate models is its simplicity, which
makes it easier to estimate color reconnection effects in reactions which are
more complicated than the relatively simple annihilation.Comment: Revtex, 24 pages, 7 figures; Compared to the previous version, 1 new
figure is added and Monte-Carlo results are re-analyzed, as suggested by the
referee; To appear in Phys. Rev.
Long time motion of NLS solitary waves in a confining potential
We study the motion of solitary-wave solutions of a family of focusing
generalized nonlinear Schroedinger equations with a confining, slowly varying
external potential, . A Lyapunov-Schmidt decomposition of the solution
combined with energy estimates allows us to control the motion of the solitary
wave over a long, but finite, time interval. We show that the center of mass of
the solitary wave follows a trajectory close to that of a Newtonian point
particle in the external potential over a long time interval.Comment: 42 pages, 2 figure
Apparatus for measuring thermal conductivity Patent
Development of apparatus for measuring thermal conductivit
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In vivo and in vitro assessment of mirtazapine pharmacokinetics in cats with liver disease.
BackgroundLiver disease (LD) prolongs mirtazapine half-life in humans, but it is unknown if this occurs in cats with LD and healthy cats.Hypothesis/objectivesTo determine pharmacokinetics of administered orally mirtazapine in vivo and in vitro (liver microsomes) in cats with LD and healthy cats.AnimalsEleven LD and 11 age-matched control cats.MethodsCase-control study. Serum was obtained 1 and 4 hours (22 cats) and 24 hours (14 cats) after oral administration of 1.88 mg mirtazapine. Mirtazapine concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Drug exposure and half-life were predicted using limited sampling modeling and estimated using noncompartmental methods. in vitro mirtazapine pharmacokinetics were assessed using liver microsomes from 3 LD cats and 4 cats without LD.ResultsThere was a significant difference in time to maximum serum concentration between LD cats and control cats (median [range]: 4 [1-4] hours versus 1 [1-4] hours; P = .03). The calculated half-life of LD cats was significantly prolonged compared to controls (median [range]: 13.8 [7.9-61.4] hours versus 7.4 [6.7-9.1] hours; P < .002). Mirtazapine half-life was correlated with ALT (P = .002; r = .76), ALP (P < .0001; r = .89), and total bilirubin (P = .0008; r = .81). The rate of loss of mirtazapine was significantly different between microsomes of LD cats (-0.0022 min-1 , CI: -0.0050 to 0.00054 min-1 ) and cats without LD (0.01849 min-1 , CI: -0.025 to -0.012 min-1 ; P = .002).Conclusions and clinical importanceCats with LD might require less frequent administration of mirtazapine than normal cats
Energies and wave functions for a soft-core Coulomb potential
For the family of model soft Coulomb potentials represented by V(r) =
-\frac{Z}{(r^q+\beta^q)^{\frac{1}{q}}}, with the parameters
Z>0, \beta>0, q \ge 1, it is shown analytically that the potentials and
eigenvalues, E_{\nu\ell}, are monotonic in each parameter. The potential
envelope method is applied to obtain approximate analytic estimates in terms of
the known exact spectra for pure power potentials. For the case q =1, the
Asymptotic Iteration Method is used to find exact analytic results for the
eigenvalues E_{\nu\ell} and corresponding wave functions, expressed in terms of
Z and \beta. A proof is presented establishing the general concavity of the
scaled electron density near the nucleus resulting from the truncated
potentials for all q. Based on an analysis of extensive numerical calculations,
it is conjectured that the crossing between the pair of states
[(\nu,\ell),(\nu',\ell')], is given by the condition \nu'\geq (\nu+1) and \ell'
\geq (\ell+3). The significance of these results for the interaction of an
intense laser field with an atom is pointed out. Differences in the observed
level-crossing effects between the soft potentials and the hydrogen atom
confined inside an impenetrable sphere are discussed.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, title change, minor revision
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Cone Spacing Correlates With Retinal Thickness and Microperimetry in Patients With Inherited Retinal Degenerations.
PurposeTo determine whether high-resolution retinal imaging measures of macular structure correlate with visual function over 36 months in retinal degeneration (RD) patients and normal subjects.MethodsTwenty-six eyes of 16 RD patients and 16 eyes of 8 normal subjects were studied at baseline; 15 eyes (14 RD) and 11 eyes (6 normal) were studied 36 months later. Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) was used to identify regions of interest (ROIs) with unambiguous cones at baseline to measure cone spacing. AOSLO images were aligned with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and fundus-guided microperimetry results to correlate structure and function at the ROIs. SD-OCT images were segmented to measure inner segment (IS) and outer segment (OS) thickness. Correlations between cone spacing, IS and OS thickness and sensitivity were assessed using Spearman correlation coefficient ρ with bootstrap analyses clustered by person.ResultsCone spacing (ρ = 0.57, P < 0.001) and macular sensitivity (ρ = 0.19, P = 0.14) were significantly correlated with eccentricity in patients. Controlling for eccentricity, cone spacing Z-scores were inversely correlated with IS (ρ = -0.29, P = 0.002) and OS thickness (ρ = -0.39, P < 0.001) in RD patients only, and with sensitivity in normal subjects (ρ = -0.22, P < 0.001) and RD patients (ρ = -0.38, P < 0.001). After 36 months, cone spacing increased (P < 0.001) and macular sensitivity decreased (P = 0.007) compared to baseline in RD patients.ConclusionsCone spacing increased and macular sensitivity declined significantly in RD patients over 36 months. High resolution images of cone structure correlated with retinal sensitivity, and may be appropriate outcome measures for clinical trials in RD
String Effects on Fermi--Dirac Correlation Measurements
We investigate some recent measurements of Fermi--Dirac correlations by the
LEP collaborations indicating surprisingly small source radii for the
production of baryons in -annihilation at the peak. In the
hadronization models there are besides the Fermi--Dirac correlation effect also
a strong dynamical (anti-)correlation. We demonstrate that the extraction of
the pure FD effect is highly dependent on a realistic Monte Carlo event
generator, both for separation of those dynamical correlations which are not
related to Fermi--Dirac statistics, and for corrections of the data and
background subtractions. Although the model can be tuned to well reproduce
single particle distributions, there are large model-uncertainties when it
comes to correlations between identical baryons. We therefore, unfortunately,
have to conclude that it is at present not possible to make any firm conclusion
about the source radii relevant for baryon production at LEP
Search for Chargino and Neutralino Production at sqrt(s) = 192-209 GeV at LEP
Approximately 438 pb-1 of e+e- data from the OPAL detector, taken with the
LEP collider running at centre-of-mass energies of 192-209 Gev, are analyzed to
search for evidence of chargino pair production, e+e- -> tilde chi^+_1 tilde
chi^-_1, or neutralino associated production, e+e- -> tilde chi^0_2 tilde
chi^0_1. Limits are set at the 95% confidence level on the product of the
cross-section for the process e+e- -> tilde chi^+_1 tilde chi^-_1 and its
branching ratios to topologies containing jets and missing energy, of jest with
a lepton and missing energy, and on the product of the cross-section for e+e-
-> tilde chi^0_2 tilde chi^0_1 and its branching ratio to jets. R-parity
conservation is assumed throughout this paper. When these results are
interpreted in the context of the Constrained Minimal Supersymmetric Standard
Model, limits are also set on the masses of the tilde chi^+-_1, tilde chi^0_1
and tilde chi^0_2, and regions of the parameter space of the model are ruled
out. Nearly model-independent limits are also set at the 95% confidence level
on sigma(e+e- -> tilde chi^+_1 tilde chi^-_1) with the assumption that each
chargino decays via a W boson, and on sigma(e+e- -> tilde chi^0_2 tilde
chi^0_1) with the tilde chi^0_2 assumed to decay via a Z^0.Comment: 33 pages, 13 figures, Submitted to Eur Phys J.
Clan Properties in Parton Showers
By considering clans as genuine elementary subprocesses, i.e., intermediate
parton sources in the Simplified Parton Shower model, a generalized version of
this model is defined. It predicts analytically clan properties at parton level
in agreement with the general trends observed experimentally at hadronic level
and in Monte Carlo simulations both at partonic and hadronic level. In
particular the model shows a linear rising in rapidity of the average number of
clans at fixed energy of the initial parton and its subsequent bending for
rapidity intervals at the border of phase space, and approximate energy
independence of the average number of clans in fixed rapidity intervals. The
energy independence becomes stricter by properly normalizing the average number
of clans.Comment: (27 pages in Plain TeX plus 10 Postscript Figures, all compressed via
uufiles) DFTT 7/9
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