Regularization Adaption Processes for Multivariate Calibration Maintenance

In the field of chemometrics, an important issue in multivariate calibration is model updating. Model updating is the adaption process in which a model obtained for a given set of samples and measurement conditions (primary) is updated to predict the analyte in new samples and measurement conditions (secondary). The calibration method partial least squares is applied with two new updating approaches. In one approach, only one updated model is obtained to predict the analyte amount in both primary and secondary conditions. The other approach forms two updated models in which one model is used to predict in primary conditions and second model based on the first model is used to predict in secondary conditions. Both approaches are evaluated with near-infrared spectral datasets. Datasets include spectra of soil, corn, olive oil adulterated with sunflower and pharmaceutical tablets. Fusion process and single merits are used to select models. Model selection methods are evaluated based on prediction errors using selected models

Fine Tuning Model Updating for Multivariate Calibration Maintenance

In the field of chemometrics, an important issue in multivariate calibration is model updating. Model updating is the adaption process in which a model obtained for a given set of samples and measurement conditions (primary) is updated to predict the analyte in new samples and measurement conditions (secondary). Primary and secondary conditions can be different due to variations in the geographical situation, instrumentation, or environment. Model updating can be performed using labeled data sets containing samples with reference analyte values for both conditions. A common approach is performed by sample augmenting the larger primary labeled sample set with a small weighted secondary labeled sample set. In this situation, only one updating model is obtained to predict the analyte amount in both primary and secondary conditions. The proposed new approach is similar to this common approach, but instead of one updated model, two models are formed simultaneously. One model is used to only predict samples from the primary conditions and the second model is based on this primary model but modified relative to the weighted augmented secondary samples. This second model is used to predict samples from the secondary conditions. Both model updating methods require multiple tuning parameters (penalties)

Optical Studies of Zero-Field Magnetization of CdMnTe Quantum Dots: Influence of Average Size and Composition of Quantum Dots

We show that through the resonant optical excitation of spin-polarized excitons into CdMnTe magnetic quantum dots, we can induce a macroscopic magnetization of the Mn impurities. We observe very broad (4 meV linewidth) emission lines of single dots, which are consistent with the formation of strongly confined exciton magnetic polarons. Therefore we attribute the optically induced magnetization of the magnetic dots results to the formation of spin-polarized exciton magnetic polarons. We find that the photo-induced magnetization of magnetic polarons is weaker for larger dots which emit at lower energies within the QD distribution. We also show that the photo-induced magnetization is stronger for quantum dots with lower Mn concentration, which we ascribe to weaker Mn-Mn interaction between the nearest neighbors within the dots. Due to particular stability of the exciton magnetic polarons in QDs, where the localization of the electrons and holes is comparable to the magnetic exchange interaction, this optically induced spin alignment persists to temperatures as high as 160 K.Comment: 26 pages, 7 figs - submitted for publicatio

Study on abnormal uterine bleeding among adult women in a tertiary care hospital in Bihar, India

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is the most common problem among patients coming to gynaecology outpatient department. There are various pathologies which can lead to AUB. History, blood investigations, ultrasonography, hysteroscopy and endometrial aspiration are the methods to rule out different causes. Later on, they are classified as per PALM-COEIN classification. It helps in better and successful management of AUB patients.Methods: It was a retrospective study done in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of AIIMS Patna from March 2014 to March 2016. A total of 272 cases were selected and data were collected in structured proforma on excel sheet.Results: The most common age-group presenting with AUB was 40 to 49 years of age (58%) and the most common histological pattern was secretory (47.7%).  Menorrhagia was found to be the most common problem in AUB patients (58.45%). As per PALM- COEIN classification, the most common type in our study was found to be AUB-E (26.8%). In a sub-set of patients, who underwent hysterectomy, histopathological samples were compared to endometrial samples which were similar in 81.6% cases.Conclusions: Incidence and pattern of AUB varies according to the age of the patient. It is more common in perimenopausal age-group. Classification of AUB as per PALM-COEIN helps in better understanding of disease and successful management of patients.

Writing a Research Paper for Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council

Agricultural research findings are required to reach soon to the farmers, extensionists, media, researchers, policy makers, businessperson, students, teachers and so many other stakeholders. Among different types of publications, research paper is generally published in journal considered as standard type of publication in term of quality and recognition. Most of the journals follow similar pattern and framework; however, the style, format and process may be different with each other. A research (scientific) paper is a written describing original research result using standard methods and materials. The major sections in a journal paper are abstract, introduction, materials and methods, results, discussion, conclusion, and references. Accordingly Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council has its own style and format. Author needs to follow guidelines strictly on the use of punctuation marks such as comma (,), period (.), space, justification etc; otherwise submitted manuscripts could be immediately return to author without considering in review process. In general, we received manuscripts with many errors on citation and references, poor elaboration of results of experiments, weak discussion, missing to acknowledge funding agencies, submitting non-editable figures, very few numbers of citations of Nepalese researchers, statements not in logical order, etc. In general, the scientific papers should be written in simple way with new but sufficient justification backed up by data in the form of tables, graphs, flow diagrams etc so that readers can understand easily with high readability. The submitted manuscript in the journal office are sent to two to three reviewers for specific recommendation on the originality of the work, appropriateness of the approach and experimental design, adequacy of experimental techniques, soundness of conclusions and interpretations, relevance of discussion and importance of the research. The language clarity and organization of the article are also asked with the reviewers. In response to reviewer's comments all authors are expected to reply each and every comments and suggestions of reviewers, if such comments and suggestion are not acceptable, the author/s can argue for their points, if genuine. Here in this paper we described detail contents of each section along with style and format for a research paper writing targeted to Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council