Silica sol-gel materials with metal and semiconductor nanoparticles: synthesis, structure and optical features

Recent achievements on fabrication, structure and optical features of the metal- and semiconductor-doped silica sol-gel materials are reviewed. The nanoparticles of copper and copper compounds (oxides, sulfides and selenides) have been produced by means of the modified silica-based sol-gel technique within the two types of materials: amorphous silica films and monolithic glasses. The features of optical absorption are discussed in dependence on chemical composition. They are variable by stoichiometry of the compounds, size of particles, their concentration and localization in the matrix. These factors determine optical properties of mate- rials and open pathways of their application, in particular, as switching and beam-controlling elements in near-IR lasers. The quantum confinement and a partial surface chemical modification of the nanoparticles are considered as possible reasons for occurrence of the optical features specific for the copper multivalent compounds

Algorithm and program for information processing with the filin apparatus

The reduction of spectral radiation data from space sources is described. The algorithm and program for identifying segments of information obtained from the Film telescope-spectrometer on the Salyut-4 are presented. The information segments represent suspected X-ray sources. The proposed algorithm is an algorithm of the lowest level. Following evaluation, information free of uninformative segments is subject to further processing with algorithms of a higher level. The language used is FORTRAN 4

Nature of color centers in silicate glasses with additions of cerium and titanium oxides

Silicate glasses with additions of cerium and titanium oxides are studied. Such glasses are of interest for manufacturing electric lights for automobile headlights and heat-stable light filters. It is established that the characteristic yellow-orange color is due to the formation chromophoric centers containing products from the interaction of cerium and titanium oxides. It is proposed on the basis of optical transmission and photoluminescence measurements as well as XPES data obtained for the composition used in light filters that titanium and cerium are present predominately as the ions Ti{4+}, Ce{3+}, and Ce{4+}

The problem of man and his freedom in conditions of social integration: E. Fromm on the possibilities of realizing freedom

The problem of man and his freedom in conditions of social integration: E. Fromm on the possibilities of realizing freedomСтатья посвящена проблеме утраты человеческой свободы в рамках социальной интеграции. Данное явление определяется термином «бегство от свободы». Проявления данного феномена выражены в философии Э. Фромма. Социолог приводит причины «бегства» и предлагает концепцию «позитивной свободы»

Proton- and -radiation of the Micro-Pinch with the Boron-Containing Target

Using ion pinhole camera and track detectors, the image of hot spot is recorded in a pulsed diode micro-pinch equipped with a solid anode target. The track image is a record of repeated fronts of fast protons with energies up to 1 MeV. Fluctuations in the ion luminosity of hot spot are associated with the wave-like nature of the proton accelerating processes in the dense plasma of target material, which is characterized by a mean energy of 100 keV. The results of the track analysis of a fast ions, detected in the Thomson analyser in experiments with boron-polyethylene targets, are presented. In 5% of the shots, the presence of ?-particles of energy up to 2 MeV in the flux of fast ions is discovered by means of Thomson analyser equipped with track detectors. Estimations of total amount of helium nuclei as products of nuclear reactions p(B11, 2?) result in an output of 108 ÷ 109 per successive shot

Algorithms and software for optimal management of raw materials, fuel and energy resources in blast furnace production

The structure of optimization model of optimal management of raw materials, fuel and energy resources in the blast-furnace shop of iron and steel works is represented. The following blocks are taken as system basis: 1) calculation of the set of parameters that characterize the thermal, gas-dynamic, slag and blasting modes for every blast furnaces of the shop during the base period; 2) calculation of linearized model coefficients (constants of transferring via different exposure pathways) individually for every blast furnace as well as properties of iron ore raw materials, fluxing additions, blasting parameters, parameters of fuel-enriched blast influencing the technical-and-economic indices of separate furnaces performance, their thermal, gas-dynamic and slag operation modes in the course of blast-furnace melting according to UrFU-MMK blast-furnace production model within the base period; 3) solution of tasks that consider the optimal allocation of raw materials, fuel and energy resources for the project period of blast furnaces operation; 4) analysis of obtained results and providing of recommendations on the optimization of blast furnaces parameters. The developed functional model of optimal distribution of raw materials, fuel and energy resources for the engineering and technology personnel of blast-furnace shop is illustrated; the main functions and interconnections between the separate functional blocks are defined. The functions of created "Optimal management of raw materials, fuel and energy resources in the blast-furnace production"software that is realized in the Microsoft Visual Studio 2017 (C# programming language) programming environment in the form of web application are pointed out. The program product provides the engineering and technology personnel of blast furnace shop of iron and steel works with the opportunity to solve the tasks of optimal distribution of fuel and energy resources (natural gas and oxygen consumption) within the group of blast furnaces in the different technological situations. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Analysis of slag mode of blast furnace melting using model decision support systems

The article presents a balance model of the blast furnace process improved by the researchers from UrFU and PJSC "Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works" (MMK). It generally represents a system of deterministic dependencies characterizing the thermal, reduction, gas dynamic, blast and slag modes of blast furnace melting. The basic principle underlying the model is full-scale mathematical modeling. Indicators characterizing the properties of the final slag for implementation of normal slag mode of blast furnace melting (slag viscosity in the temperature range of 1350 - 1550 °C, as well as values of the slag viscosity gradients) were proposed. The slag viscosity gradient, along with the acceptable ranges of slag viscosity at different slag temperatures, are used in modeling the slag mode as limiting factors for the diagnosis of slag mode. Selection of the limit values of each of the ranges and the viscosity gradient is carried out by the method of expert evaluation. Structure of the model for calculating the parameters of the final slag is considered. Using a mathematical model of the blast furnace process, analysis of the slag mode of blast furnace melting was performed according to the actual indicators of their operation. It was established that desulfurizing ability of the slag is insufficiently used, as a result of which cast iron of reduced quality is smelted both in terms of content of sulfur and silicon. Change in characteristics of the slag mode, other things being equal, has a positive effect on gas permeability in the slag formation zone, reducing capacity of the gas and productivity of the blast furnace increase, as well as the consumption of coke decreases. The authors describe the results of design calculations of the MMK furnace performance indicators when changing the composition of loaded materials. Recommendations on the slag optimal basicity are given. Calculations showed that the optimal basicity of the final slag, which ensures its maximum liquid mobility, for operating conditions of blast furnaces of the combine is 1.04 - 1.05 for the CaO/SiO2ratio and 1.30 - 1.32 for the (CaO + MgO)/SiO2ratio. © 2022 National University of Science and Technology MISIS. All rights reserved

Disorders of the hemostasis system while doing coronary shunting on a working heart

Objective. To investigate the connection between application of solutions for infusion and parameters of the hemostasis system while the elective operations performance of coronary shunting on the working heart. Materials and methods. The results of examination and surgical treatment were analyzed in 80 patients, in whom coronary shunting on the working heart was conducted. The patients were divided into three groups: the Investigation Group I (IG I) – 20 patients, in whom colloidal solution of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 was applied intraoperatively, the Investigation Group II (IG II) - 20 patients, in whom colloidal 4% solution of gelatin was used intraoperatively, and a Control Group, consisted of 40 patients, in whom only crystalloidal solutions were included in the infusion therapy program. The coagulation hemostasis indices, the blood loss volume and the need for hemotransfusion were compared. Results. In the IG I patients the volume of perioperative blood loss was more than in the IG II patients – (615 ± 191) and (438 ± 62) ml, accordingly (p=0.0003), and the coagulation hemostasis indices were trustworthily lower at the operation ending, demanding the erythrocytic mass transfusion doing in 3 (15%) patients. The IG II patients, comparing with the Control Group, suffered more volume of the blood loss - (560 ± 164) and (438 ± 62) ml, accordingly (p=0,02), and the changes in the coagulation indices, similar to changes in patients of the IG I, comparing with the Control Group patients. Any patient from the IG II needed hemotransfusion perioperatively. Conclusion. Application of colloidal solutions while doing elective operations of CSH on the  working heart leads to disorder of coagulation hemostasis, the intraoperative blood loss and the need for hemotransfusion enhancement