Mapping of regional land-use/land-cover distribution according to soil types in the semiarid region of Pernambuco State, Brazil

Geotechnology is a tool with high potential for management, processing, analysis and automatic representation of georeferenced data, providing fast and accurate information about land cover with low cost. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify the land-cover/land-use area of three mesoregions of Pernambuco State, Brazil. We used cross-checking analysis of the land-cover/ land-use and soil type classification maps for Agreste, São Francisco, and Sertão mesoregions to obtain the most predominant soil-type/land-use classifications. The main classes observed in these mesoregions were: Dense Caatinga under Ustorthent (497,841 ha) and Utilsoils (291,984 ha. In the Agreste mesoregion was bare soil under Ustalfs (316,214 ha). Finally, in the sertão mesoregion the most important class was the Dense Caatinga under Ustorthent (497,841 ha) The results obtained in this study could be helpful as a tool to guide new modeling work in the semiarid region of Pernambuco State in Brazil

Caracterização de águas e solos do perímetro irrigado Cachoeira II,Serra Talhada/PE

A região semi-árida nordestina, embora possua um alto potencial para a agricultura, é prejudicada pela distribuição irregular das chuvas, promovendo grandes riscos de salinização em perímetros irrigados. Esse risco está relacionado aos sais naturalmente presentes no perfil do solo e veiculados pela água utilizada na irrigação. O objetivo do trabalho foi realizar uma avaliação das características das águas utilizadas para irrigação no Perímetro Irrigado Cachoeira II, assim como fazer um levantamento da qualidade dessas águas. A área de estudo compreende o Perímetro Irrigado Cachoeira II, composto por seus 37 lotes, localizado no município de Serra Talhada. Realizaram-se amostragens trimestrais nas fontes de águas usadas para irrigação no Perímetro Irrigado Cachoeira II, sendo coletadas amostras ao longo do Rio Pajeú, Riacho Cachoeira e nos principais poços e reservatórios utilizados no Perímetro. Ao todo, foram coletadas 76 amostras de água, sendo suas análises agregadas em três grupos: grupo I – águas coletadas no Riacho Cachoeira, grupo II – águas dos poços e grupo III – águas coletadas no Rio Pajeú. Nessas amostras foram realizadas: a medida do pH e da CE, determinando-se os teores dos cátions Ca²+ e Mg²+ por espectrofotometria de absorção atômica e Na+ e K+ por fotometria de chama; e ânions Cl-, HCO3 - e CO3 2- por titulometria. Calculou-se, também, a RAS para a classificação das águas e suas variações ao longo do período estudado. Analisaram-se os resultados por meio de estatística descritiva. Observou-se que há predominância de águas cloretadas sódicas, independentemente do nível de salinidade, dos locais e das fontes de origem, e que as águas utilizadas para irrigação apresentaram risco de salinização, por conter elevados níveis de sódio e cloreto. Os valores de pH estiveram dentro dos limites normais (6,5 a 8,4), já as águas de poços apresentam valores de Cl- superiores a 3,0 mmolc L-1 e inferiores a 19,53 mmolc L-1, os maiores valores médios da RAS foram encontrados na terceira coleta (dezembro) nas três fontes de água analisadas. As águas dos poços foram as que apresentaram valores de CE mais elevados em todas as coletas, apresentando-se dentro da faixa de risco para muitas culturas de valor econômico.The Northeastern semi-arid region northeastern of Brazil, although possess a high agricultural potential, is harmed by the rain irregular distribution, promoting great risks of salinization in irrigated perimeters. This risk is related to naturally present salts of soil profile and propagated by the water used in the irrigation. The work’s objective was to do an evaluation of the water’s characteristics used for irrigation at the Cachoeira II Irrigated Perimeter, as well as to do a survey of the quality of these waters. The study area is the Cachoeira II Irrigated Perimeter, with its 37 lots, at Serra Talhada city. Water samples were taken at each three months in the used water sources at Cachoeira II Irrigated Perimeter, the samples were collected at Pajeú River, Cachoeira Stream and in the main wells and reservoirs used in the Perimeter. There were 76 water samples collected, and the analyses were added in three groups: group I waters collected in the Cachoeira Stream, group II waters of the wells and group III waters collected in the Pajeú River. In these samples they had been carried the pH and EC measures, determining the concentration of Ca²+ and Mg²+ by atomic absorption spectrophotometer; Na+ and K+ by flame photometry; Cl-,HCO3 - and CO3 2- by titration. It was calculated the SAR for the waters classification and its variations at the studied period. The descriptive statistic was used to analyzed the results. It was observed the sodium chloride water predominance, of the level of salinity, the places and the sources of origin, and that the waters used for irrigation had presented salinization risk and it contains high levels of sodium and chloride. The values of pH had been inside of the normal limits (6.5 the 8.4), already the waters of wells present values of the Cl- superiors to 3 mmolc L-1, arriving the average values of 19.53 mmolc L-1, the biggest average values of the SAR had been found in the third period at three analyzed water sources. The waters of the wells had been the ones that had presented higher values of EC in all the periods, presenting themselves inside of the band of risk for many cultures of economic value.Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNP

Desenvolvimento inicial de mudas de melancia ‘crimson sweet’ irrigadas com águas residuárias

Irrigation becomes a safer practice to ensure agricultural production, but to meet the demand of water needs to implement a rational policy for the reuse of water. With this aim has been installed and an experiment taking advantage of the wastewater coming from a research project for the development of seedlings of Watermelon 'Crimson Sweet'. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with five treatments and four replications and data were subjected to analysis of variance by F test, and the averages compared by the Scott and Knott test at 5% probability. The treatments were: T1 (100% residual water), T2 (75% + 25% A. A. Residual Supply), T3 (50% AR + 50% AA) and T4 (25% AR + 75% AA) and T5 (100% AA). We made the following assessments: percentage of germination, emergence speed index, number of true leaves, length of shoots and roots, fresh and dry weight of shoot, root and total. The best watermelon seedling development occurred with the application of wastewater when using the T1 and T2 consists of 100% and 75% of wastewater, respectively.A irrigação se torna a prática mais segura para garantir a produção agrícola, mas para suprir a demanda da água precisa-se implantar uma política racional de reutilização de águas. Com esse intuito foi instalado e conduzido um experimento aproveitando a água residuária oriunda de um projeto de pesquisa para o desenvolvimento de mudas de Melancia ‘Crimson sweet’. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos completos casualizados com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições e os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F, e suas médias comparadas pelo teste de Scott e Knott, a 5% de probabilidade. Os tratamentos constaram de: T1 (100% água residual); T2 (75% A. Residual + 25% A. de Abastecimento); T3 (50% A.R + 50% A.A); T4 (25% A.R + 75% A.A) e T5 (100% A.A). Foram feitas as seguintes avaliações: percentual de germinação; índice de velocidade de emergência; número de folhas definitivas; comprimento da parte aérea e do sistema radicular; massa fresca e seca da parte aérea, do sistema radicular e total. O melhor desenvolvimento das mudas de Melancia ocorreu com aplicação de água residuária quando utilizados os tratamentos T1 e T2 composto por 100% e 75% de água residuária, respectivamente

DESENVOLVIMENTO INICIAL DE MUDAS DE MELANCIA ‘CRIMSON SWEET’ IRRIGADAS COM ÁGUAS RESIDUÁRIAS

RESUMO - A irrigação se torna a prática mais segura para garantir a produção agrícola, mas para suprir a demanda da água precisa-se implantar uma política racional de reutilização de águas. Com esse intuito foi instalado e conduzido um experimento aproveitando a água residuária oriunda de um projeto de pesquisa para o desenvolvimento de mudas de Melancia ‘Crimson sweet’. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos completos casualizados com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições e os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F, e suas médias comparadas pelo teste de Scott e Knott, a 5% de probabilidade. Os tratamentos constaram de: T1 (100% água residual); T2 (75% A. Residual + 25% A. de Abastecimento); T3 (50% A.R + 50% A.A); T4 (25% A.R + 75% A.A) e T5 (100% A.A). Foram feitas as seguintes avaliações: percentual de germinação; índice de velocidade de emergência; número de folhas definitivas; comprimento da parte aérea e do sistema radicular; massa fresca e seca da parte aérea, do sistema radicular e total. O melhor desenvolvimento das mudas de Melancia ocorreu com aplicação de água residuária quando utilizados os tratamentos T1 e T2 composto por 100% e 75% de água residuária, respectivamente. Palavras-chave: Citrullus lanatus, reuso, fertirrigação

Mapping of regional land-use/land-cover distribution according to soil types in the semiarid region of Pernambuco State, Brazil

Geotechnology is a tool with high potential for management, processing, analysis and automatic representation of georeferenced data, providing fast and accurate information about land cover with low cost. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify the land-cover/land-use area of three mesoregions of Pernambuco State, Brazil. We used cross-checking analysis of the land-cover/ land-use and soil type classification maps for Agreste, São Francisco, and Sertão mesoregions to obtain the most predominant soil-type/land-use classifications. The main classes observed in these mesoregions were: Dense Caatinga under Ustorthent (497,841 ha) and Utilsoils (291,984 ha. In the Agreste mesoregion was bare soil under Ustalfs (316,214 ha). Finally, in the sertão mesoregion the most important class was the Dense Caatinga under Ustorthent (497,841 ha) The results obtained in this study could be helpful as a tool to guide new modeling work in the semiarid region of Pernambuco State in Brazil

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora