The moderating role of higher education on entrepreneurship

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Purpose: Entrepreneurial activities have a great impact on the economy and entrepreneurs are even more important for developing countries. Accordingly, the need for entrepreneurial graduates is increasing. Thus, this study aims to investigate the role of higher education with regard to the entrepreneurial intentions and traits of university students in Turkey. Design/methodology/approach: A survey was administered to freshmen and senior university students studying business and engineering at five established universities in Turkey, yielding a total sample of 767. Findings: This logistic regression analysis indicates that some personality traits play an important role in influencing the students' intention to become entrepreneurs. The study findings also suggest that students with higher education have a higher intention of becoming entrepreneurs. Research limitations/implications: The cross-sectional method of data collection was used. However, longitudinal data from a bigger sample would have provided more valid support for the study. Practical implications: The findings of this study have important implications for those who formulate, deliver and evaluate educational policy in Turkey. Based on the findings, policy makers may wish to review the current higher educational system and make changes to foster students' entrepreneurial mindset. Originality/value: The study fills the gap in the literature by particularly testing the moderating effect of education between entrepreneurial traits and intentions. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited

Tourism Students' Entrepreneurial Intentions

Cataloged from PDF version of article.This study aims to investigate the relationship between entrepreneurial traits, socio-cultural background and entrepreneurial intention of university students in the UK and Turkey. 409 tourism students were surveyed to measure entrepreneurial intention, entrepreneurial traits including risk-taking propensity, innovativeness, tolerance of ambiguity and locus of control and socio-cultural factors. The findings indicate that there is a statistically significant relationship between innovation, propensity to take risks, entrepreneurial family and entrepreneurial intention. Education does not seem to play an important role in fostering entrepreneurial traits and intentions of university students. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd

Model for the hydration of non-polar compounds and polymers

We introduce an exactly solvable statistical-mechanical model of the hydration of non-polar compounds, based on grouping water molecules in clusters where hydrogen bonds and isotropic interactions occur; interactions between clusters are neglected. Analytical results show that an effective strengthening of hydrogen bonds in the presence of the solute, together with a geometric reorganization of water molecules, are enough to yield hydrophobic behavior. We extend our model to describe a non-polar homopolymer in aqueous solution, obtaining a clear evidence of both ``cold'' and ``warm'' swelling transitions. This suggests that our model could be relevant to describe some features of protein folding.Comment: REVTeX, 6 pages, 3 figure

Phylogeny and S1 Gene Variation of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Detected in Broilers and Layers in Turkey

Citation: Yilmaz, H., Altan, E., Cizmecigil, U. Y., Gurel, A., Ozturk, G. Y., Bamac, O. E., . . . Turan, N. (2016). Phylogeny and S1 Gene Variation of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Detected in Broilers and Layers in Turkey. Avian Diseases, 60(3), 596-602. doi:10.1637/11346-120915-Reg.1The avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (AvCoV-IBV) is recognized as an important global pathogen because new variants are a continuous threat to the poultry industry worldwide. This study investigates the genetic origin and diversity of AvCoV-IBV by analysis of the S1 sequence derived from 49 broiler flocks and 14 layer flocks in different regions of Turkey. AvCoV-IBV RNA was detected in 41 (83.6%) broiler flocks and nine (64.2%) of the layer flocks by TaqMan real-time RT-PCR. In addition, AvCoV-IBV RNA was detected in the tracheas 27/30 (90%), lungs 31/49 (62.2%), caecal tonsils 7/22 (31.8%), and kidneys 4/49 (8.1%) of broiler flocks examined. Pathologic lesions, hemorrhages, and mononuclear infiltrations were predominantly observed in tracheas and to a lesser extent in the lungs and a few in kidneys. A phylogenetic tree based on partial S1 sequences of the detected AvCoV-IBVs (including isolates) revealed that 1) viruses detected in five broiler flocks were similar to the IBV vaccines Ma5, H120, M41; 2) viruses detected in 24 broiler flocks were similar to those previously reported from Turkey and to Israel variant-2 strains; 3) viruses detected in seven layer flocks were different from those found in any of the broiler flocks but similar to viruses previously reported from Iran, India, and China (similar to Israel variant-1 and 4/91 serotypes); and 4) that the AVCoV-IBV, Israeli variant-2 strain, found to be circulating in Turkey appears to be undergoing molecular evolution. In conclusion, genetically different AvCoV-IBV strains, including vaccine-like strains, based on their partial S1 sequence, are circulating in broiler and layer chicken flocks in Turkey and the Israeli variant-2 strain is undergoing evolution. © 2016 American Association of Avian Pathologists

Effect of number of burst assemblers on TCP performance in optical burst switching networks

Burst assembly mechanism is one of the fundamental factors that determine the performance of an optical burst switching (OBS) network. In this paper, we investigate the influence of number of burstifiers on TCP performance for an OBS network. An ns2-based OBS network simulator is developed for simulating the optical network. The goodput of TCP flows between an ingress and an egress nodes traveling through an optical network is studied for different values of the number of assembly buffers per destination. First, the losses resulting from the congestion in the core OBS network are modeled using a burst independent Bernoulli loss model. Then, a background burst traffic is generated to create contention at a core node in order to realize a burst dependent loss model. Simulation results show that for an OBS network employing timer-based assembly algorithm, TCP goodput increases as the number of burst assemblers is increased for both types of loss models. The improvement from one burstifier to moderate number of burst assemblers is significant (15-50% depending on the burst loss probability, processing delay and the TCP version), but the goodput difference between moderate number of buffers andperflow aggregation is relatively small, implying that a cost-effective OBS edge switch implementation should use moderate number of assembly buffers per destination for enhanced TCP performance. © 2006 IEEE

Using multiple per egress burstifiers for enhanced TCP performance in OBS networks

Burst assembly mechanism is one of the fundamental factors that determine the performance of an optical burst switching (OBS) network. In this paper, we investigate the influence of the number of burstifiers on TCP performance for an OBS network. The goodput of TCP flows between an ingress node and an egress node traveling through an optical network is studied as the number of assembly buffers per destination varies. First, the burst-length independent losses resulting from the contention in the core OBS network using a non-void-filling burst scheduling algorithm, e.g., Horizon, are studied. Then, burst-length dependent losses arising as a result of void-filling scheduling algorithms, e.g., LAUC-VF, are studied for two different TCP flow models: FTP-type long-lived flows and variable size short-lived flows. Simulation results show that for both types of scheduling algorithms, both types of TCP flow models, and different TCP versions (Reno, Newreno and Sack), TCP goodput increases as the number of burst assemblers per egress node is increased for an OBS network employing timer-based assembly algorithm. The improvement from one burstifier to moderate number of burst assemblers is significant (15-50% depending on the burst loss probability, per-hop processing delay, and the TCP version), but the goodput difference between moderate number of buffers and per-flow aggregation is relatively small, implying that an OBS edge switch should use moderate number of assembly buffers per destination for enhanced TCP performance without substantially increasing the hardware complexity. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

NOBS: An ns2 based simulation tool for performance evaluation of TCP traffic in OBS networks

Performance evaluation of TCP traffic in OBS networks has been under intensive study, since TCP constitutes the majority of Internet traffic. As a reliable and publicly available simulator, ns2 has been widely used for studying TCP/IP networks; however ns2 lacks many of the components for simulating optical burst switching networks. In this paper, an ns2 based OBS simulation tool (nOBS), which is built for studying burst assembly, scheduling and contention resolution algorithms in OBS networks is presented. The node and link objects in OBS are extended in nOBS for developing optical nodes and optical links. The ingress, core and egress node functionalities are combined into a common optical node architecture, which comprises agents responsible for burstification, routing and scheduling. The effects of burstification parameters, e.g., burstification timeout, burst size and number of burstification buffers per egress node, on TCP performance are investigated using nOBS for different TCP versions and different network topologies

Mineralogical and chemical changes in parent rocks and in soil ecosystems (Mazmili Da?I, Adana, Turkey)

7th International Scientific Conference on Modern Management of Mine Producing, Geology and Environmental Protection, SGEM 2007 -- 11 June 2007 through 15 June 2007 -- Albena -- 101475In this study, the region of Alada?lar-Mazmi{dotless}li{dotless} (Adana) has been selected as research area and covering on area of 95 square kilometers. A number of anatical methods including Attarberg, XRD, XRF and ICP have been employed to characterize representative samples collected from the soils developed partially weathered country rocks with respect to their chemical and mineralogical contents. Soil horizons did not well developed on the limesstone and ultramafic parent roks that include mainly harzburgite-dunite, ophyolite melange due to rapid weatering and steep topography. However, soil zones well-developed, forming terra-rosa over ohiolite melange and its debris. Clay species belonging to smectite, kaolinite, and mixed-layer groupes have been formed during pedogenesis. Clay contents and abundances vary depending on the morphology. Although the limestone and harzburgite - dunite dont contain quartz, the soils developed on them comprised significant amounts of quartz. Mazmi{dotless}li{dotless} area soils did not develop homogeneausly, they are rather inhomogeneous. MgO and CaO contents show depletion upward, whereas, the other major element oxides including, as Al2O3, Fe2O3, SiO2 and MnO increase. These soils are slightly basic and enriched in K2O, and Na2O. Heavy immobile elements such as Zr and Ti show strongly parent rock-controled distributions. A total of three soil profile has been investigated in this research. Chemical analysis indicated that the major and trace element chemistry of all three show good agreement with the world soil standards. Only difference noticed was anomalous chromium and nickel values due to the host rock chemistry

The changing global distribution and prevalence of canine transmissible venereal tumour.

BACKGROUND: The canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT) is a contagious cancer that is naturally transmitted between dogs by the allogeneic transfer of living cancer cells during coitus. CTVT first arose several thousand years ago and has been reported in dog populations worldwide; however, its precise distribution patterns and prevalence remain unclear. RESULTS: We analysed historical literature and obtained CTVT prevalence information from 645 veterinarians and animal health workers in 109 countries in order to estimate CTVT's former and current global distribution and prevalence. This analysis confirmed that CTVT is endemic in at least 90 countries worldwide across all inhabited continents. CTVT is estimated to be present at a prevalence of one percent or more in dogs in at least 13 countries in South and Central America as well as in at least 11 countries in Africa and 8 countries in Asia. In the United States and Australia, CTVT was reported to be endemic only in remote indigenous communities. Comparison of current and historical reports of CTVT indicated that its prevalence has declined in Northern Europe, possibly due to changes in dog control laws during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Analysis of factors influencing CTVT prevalence showed that presence of free-roaming dogs was associated with increased CTVT prevalence, while dog spaying and neutering were associated with reduced CTVT prevalence. Our analysis indicated no gender bias for CTVT and we found no evidence that animals with CTVT frequently harbour concurrent infectious diseases. Vincristine was widely reported to be the most effective therapy for CTVT. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide a survey of the current global distribution of CTVT, confirming that CTVT is endemic in at least 90 countries worldwide. Additionally, our analysis highlights factors that continue to modify CTVT's prevalence around the world and implicates free-roaming dogs as a reservoir for the disease. Our analysis also documents the disappearance of the disease from the United Kingdom during the twentieth century, which appears to have been an unintentional result of the introduction of dog control policies.This is the author's accepted manuscript. The final version of this article has been published by BioMed Central: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1746-6148/10/168