FRESENIUS ENVIRONMENTAL BULLETIN

Metronidazole (MTZ) is commonly used as an antibiotic for enterozoa; however, its side-effects have not been fully characterized. In this study, the toxic effect of a dose and time-dependent MTZ application on morphology of the intestinal tissue of Oncorhynchus inykiss was examined. Fish were exposed to 5, 10, and 20 mg/L of MTZ in the aquariums for 2, 4 and 8 days. Samples taken from the jejunum region of the small intestine were for Gomori Trichrome, NOS and TUNEL. A slight toxic effect that started with a dosage of 5 mg/L for 2 days reached the maximum level with a dosage of 20 mg/L for 8 days. Erosion, oedema, inflammation, disintegration in the epithelium, and necrosis were detected at the tips of the villi. NOS staining had increased a great deal. Separately, a parallel TUNEL staining was monitored in the process of NOS staining practices. The toxic effect that increased in proportion to the dosage and period had occurred due to oxidative damage and that the cells had been induced to die through apoptosis. It was thought that this toxic effect could be of significance because of food chain and needed to be investigated by means of advanced techniques

CHEMOSPHERE

Metranidazole (MTZ) is an antibiotic used for parasitic infections in a number of species. Accumulation of this drug in the environment and its interaction with fish of economic value makes this drug particularly important. In the present study, we examined the histopathological effects of MTZ on the intestinal tissue of Oncorhynchus mykiss. The fish in aquarium were exposed to MTZ at doses of 5, 10, 20 mg/L for 2, 4 and 8 days. At the end of the experiments, macroscopic pathology or death were not observed at these doses. Histochemical staining with Haematoxylene-Eosin, Periodic Acid Schiff and Gomori Trichrome showed, depending on increased dose and prolonged duration, areas of necrosis, edema, inflammation, small tears at the tips of the villi and excretion with heterogenic distribution of the Goblet cells. Moreover, changes in the connective tissue of the intestines due to toxicity of MTZ and decreases in immunostaining of matrix proteins such as laminin and collagen IV, especially in the epithelium were observed. Findings of the present study would be useful to demonstrate the adverse effects of MTZ use, emphasizing the importance of the effect on fish which could be very important public health. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND VETERINARY ADVANCES

Concentration of heavy metals were measured in the surface water, sediments and three different organs of Cyprinus carpi from the Golmarmara lake (Manisa, Turkey). Four sampling sites located at different parts of the lake were pre-defined. The accumulation of copper, zinc, cadmium, cobalt, lead, chromium, iron, mangane in gills, liver and muscle of C. carpi were determined. Also, histopathological changes in gill, liver and muscle tissue were examined at light microscopical level. The order of accumulation of heavy metals was found to be Zn>Pb>Fe>Co>Mn>Cr>Ni>Cti>Cd in water, Zn>Cr>Pb>Fe>Co>Mn>Ni>Cu>Cd in sediment, Zn>Cr>Pb>Ni>Cu>Fe>Co>Cd in muscle and Zn>Cr>Pb>Cd>Ni>Cu>Fe>Co in liver and Zn>Cr>Ni>Pb>Cu>Cd>Co>Fe in gills. As a result of histopathological examinations, a significant decrease in mean length of primary and secondary lamellae was observed. Cellular proliferation caused secondary lamellae fusion, ballooning degenerations of secondary lamellae as well as distribution of necrotic and clavate secondary lamellae. In the liver, altered staining, swollen and ruptured parenchymal cells reduce of glycogen in hepatocytes and vacuolar structure filled with cellular debris were seen. In muscle tissue, focal necrosis, cellular dissolution and a decline or loss of striatation in muscle fibres were found. The frequency of micronucleus formation did not show significant differences in fish samples caught from the Golmarmara lake

Presence of sialic acid in prothoracic glands of Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera)

The presence of sialic acid (SA) in prothoracic glands (PGs) of Galleria mellonella was determined by the methods of electron microscopy (EM), histochemistry, spectrophotometry (SP) and electronic ionization (EI)-mass spectroscopy. Histochemical observations were carried out by the cationic dye ruthenium red (RR), staining with and without neuraminidase digestion in the larval stage. Neuraminidase-sensitive SA was demonstrated by the decrease in the amount of RR-binding following neuraminidase digestion. The total amount of SA was found to be 0.09016 mg g-1 in dry tissue by spectrophotometric determination. EI-mass spectroscopy results confirmed the EM and SP observations. The fragmentation scheme derived from EI-mass analysis exhibited the presence of the lactonized form of Neu5Gc7, 9Ac2. On the basis of the various pieces of evidence described above, it was firmly concluded that Neu5Gc7, 9Ac2 molecules were present in PGs of G. mellonella.1181Gratefully dedicated to retired Prof. S. Geldiay. The authors want to thank TOBITAK for partial financial Support (grant No. 1181) and for running the EI-mass spectra. -

Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas as a cause of recurrent pancreatitis

WOS: 000264304500008PubMed ID: 19317280Solid pseudopapillary tumor (SPT) of the pancreas is a rare pancreatic tumor mostly seen in young women. We here report a twelve-year-old girl presenting with recurrent attacks of pancreatitis. No history of a systemic disease, trauma, drug usage or infection was present. All other etiologic factors like familial, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercalcemia, cystic fibrosis, medications were excluded. On abdominal ultrasound a heterogeneous mass was noticed at the tail of pancreas. Computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging proved that the mass was cystic. The mass was surgically removed. The diagnosis was pancreatic solid cystic papillary epithelial neoplasm. Although acute pancreatitis due to SPT was exceptionally reported, this is the first description of SPT leading to recurrent pancreatitis especially in children. (Acta gastroenterol. belg., 2008, 71, 390-392)

Neuroprotective effects of oleocanthal, a compound in virgin olive oil, in a rat model of traumatic brain injury

AIM: To evaluate the neuroprotective effects of deocanthal OC in a rat model of traumatic brain injury (TBI). MATERIAL and METHODS: Twenty-six adult male, Wistar albino rats were used. The rats were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 was the sham group (n = 5). Group 2 was the trauma group (n = 5) where rats were treated with 10 mg/kg saline intraperitoneally (IP) twice a day. Groups 3 and 4, rats were treated with 10 (group 3, n = 8) or 30 (group 4, n = 8) mg/kg OC IP twice a day. For each group, brain samples were collected 72 hours after injury. Brain samples and blood were evaluated with histopathological and biochemical methods. RESULTS: Histopathological evaluation revealed a significant difference between Group 2 and Group 4. Biochemical findings demonstrated that the oxidative stress index was highest in Group 2 and lowest in Group 4. CONCLUSION: OC has a protective effect on neural cells after TBI. This effect is achieved by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis. © 2018 Turkish Neurosurgical Society