Становище центру капіталістичної світ-системи в історичній перспективі

Аналізується розвиток капіталістичної світ-системи на прикладі Голландії, Великобританії, Сполучених Штатів Америки у час їх найбільшого піднесення до ролі світового лідера, гегемона. На основі виявлених закономірностей умов завоювання, підтримання та втрати позицій світового лідера проводиться аналогія з сучасним становищем США у світі. Робляться висновки щодо можливості трансформації світової системи і пошуку нових центрів політичного тяжіння. Development of the capitalist world-system is analyzed as the example of the best growing of the Netherlands, Great Britain, the United States of America to the role of world-leader – hegemon. Based on the identified patterns of conquests, maintenance and loss position of the world leader it is drawn an analogy to the modern position of the United States in the world. It is concluded of the possibility of the world-system’s transformation and looking-for new centers of political gravity

On the traceably accurate voltage calibration of electrostatic accelerators

We describe in detail a calibration method for the terminal voltage of small accelerators used for ion beam analysis, with the elastic resonance of 16O(α,α)16O at 3038 keV as the intrinsic measurement standard. The beam energy relative to this resonance is determined with a precision around 300 eV and an evaluated reproducibility of 1.0 keV. We show that this method is both robust and convenient, and demonstrate consistency with calibration relative to three other independent methods: using radioactive sources and using the resonant 27Al(p,γ)28Si and non-resonant 16O(p,γ)17F direct capture reactions. We re-evaluate the literature and show that the peak in the cross-section function is at 3038.1 ± 2.3 keV. By comparing the results obtained with 16O(α,α)16O to the other calibration methods we show that this uncertainty can be reduced to 1.3 keV.</p

Ag:TiN-Coated Polyurethane for Dry Biopotential Electrodes: From Polymer Plasma Interface Activation to the First EEG Measurements

Several plasma treatments using argon, oxygen, and nitrogen are studied in order to increase the interfacial adhesion of the polyurethane/Ag:TiN system to be used as biopotential electrodes. The optimized plasma treatments conditions (100 W, 15 min, regardless of the gas) promote a steep decrease of the water contact angle values. The observed chemical and topographic alterations translate into excellent polyurethane/Ag:TiN interfacial adhesion of the plasma treated samples. The in-service validation of the proposed Ag:TiN-coated PU multipin electrodes is performed by acquiring EEG signals in parallel with the standard wet Ag/AgCl electrodes. No considerable differences are found in terms of shape, amplitude, and spectral characteristics of the signals when comparing reference wet and dry electrodes.This research is partially sponsored by FEDER funds through the program COMPETE – Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade and by national funds through FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, under the projects PEst-C/EME/UI0285/2011, PTDC/SAU-ENB/116850/2010, PTDC/CTM-NAN/112574/2009 and Programa Pessoa 2012/2013 Cooperação Portugal/França, Project no. 27306UA Porous architectures in GRAded CERamic thin films for biosensors - GRACER. The authors would also like to acknowledge CEMUP for SEM analysis and Yantai Wanhua Polyurethanes Co., Ltd for providing the thermoplastic polyurethane pellets. P. Pedrosa acknowledges FCT for the Ph.D. grant SFRH/BD/70035/2010. P. Fiedler acknowledges the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research project – 03IPT605A. P. Pedrosa and P. Fiedler both acknowledge FP7-People Marie Curie IAPP project 610950 (ANDREA) and German Academic Exchange Services for the Germany/Portugal bi-lateral project – D/57036536

Measurement of (n, α

A novel spectrometer was developed and used to measure the cross section for the (n,α) reaction at IPPE. Direct measurements of the α-particles yield from solid isotopic pure targets of 50, 52 and 53 chromium, 54 and 57 iron, 60 nickel, and 64 zinc were carried out in the neutron energy range from 4.7 to 7.2 MeV. For some isotopes the (n,α) reaction cross-section for neutron energies less than 14 MeV were measured for the first time. The result of the comparison of new experimental data with the evaluated data from libraries ENDF/B VII, JENDL 4.0, JEFF 3.1, ROSFOND 2010 and BROND 3 and with the experimental data of other authors is presented