Confronting a pedagogy of assimilation: the evolution of large-scale schools for tribal children in India

The policy of assimilating, ‘mainstreaming' or ‘de-tribalizing' indigenous communities by placing their children in boarding schools has been increasingly discredited and abandoned, most publicly throughout North America and Australia since the 1980s and 1990s. In India, this history and its dangers are little known, with relatively little awareness of how they are being replicated among many of India's tribal communities. Education-induced assimilationism has evolved more slowly in India, but has now reached a larger scale than in any other country, with many similar manifestations to the ‘stolen generations' model that has created outrage in Australia, Canada, the USA and elsewhere. This article traces the evolution and dangers of this history and the present situation in India

An Assessment of Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) in Metal industries of Delhi

With growing realization and concern for our health, the focus on Indoor Air Quality has increased. Exposure to indoor air pollution is responsible for nearly 2 million excess deaths in developing countries and for some 4% of the global burden of disease. Today it is critical that the industry be familiar with the environmental hazards that employees are subjected to in the workplace. Iron & steel and other manufacturing industries, foundries and forges produce a lot of pollutants in the indoor environment. Exposures to mineral dusts, metal fumes, products of combustion, resin bonding systems, physical noise and heat and vibration hazards may seriously impact the health of workers in foundries. The study aimed at assessing Indoor Air Quality in Metal industries of Delhi in Mayapuri industrial area. The study was carried out in 3 phases. In the first phase, the study collated awareness about Indoor Air Quality and related health effects amongst the owners and employees working in the enterprises. In the second phase, the study involved monitoring of the randomly selected enterprises in terms of CO2, PM2.5, PM10 and presence of dampness and molds in the enterprises. The third phase involved spreading awareness regarding Indoor Air Quality amongst the sample. Highlights of the study are: Majority of the owners were aware about the concept of Indoor Air Quality and its relationship with productivity and health of a person. They could also cite some of the health impacts caused due to poor Indoor Air Quality. In spite of their wisdom on Indoor Air Quality, there were no monitoring and maintenance provisions in their enterprises. Also, none of the owners provided their employees personal protective equipment (PPE) and any information or training regarding Indoor Air Quality and its health hazards. Majority of the employees were unaware of the concept of Indoor Air Quality. The employees could neither relate health with Indoor Air Quality nor showed any interest in improving the same. It was seen that there was a moderately high level of CO2 concentrations in the enterprises, mainly due to insufficient ventilation in the enterprises. PM2.5 concentrations were found to be poor and were almost double than its acceptable limits. While it was seen that PM10 concentrations were within their acceptable limits. It was observed that in majority enterprises presence of molds and dampness was observed. It was observed on walls and ceilings. The areas near the walls and places with molds were surrounded by a bad odor. This study has been helpful in providing clear direction towards the Indoor Air Quality in Metal industries operating in Mayapuri. It also highlights the awareness regarding Indoor Air Quality amongst the sample. The study concludes that there is a sense of knowledge regarding Indoor Air Quality amongst the owners/managers of the enterprises but a huge scope in monitoring and maintenance provisions. The need for spreading awareness about IAQ and its related health effects were highlighted which would improve Indoor Air Quality in industries. The study showcased a clear scope for awareness generation and training amongst the owners and employees of the enterprises regarding Indoor Air Quality. The study suggests surveying of health status in metal industries and similar research in other industries. The findings were also shared with competent authorities to sensitize them towards poor Indoor Air Quality in the metal industries

Use of Facial Recognition Technique in Criminal Investigations in India

The social interactions of the modern period are characterised by the extensive use of technical tools for information processing. Considering the quick advancement of computer technology, they are already competent to perform challenging tasks needing the careful solution of technical and imaginative issues. The term "Artificial Intelligence" is successfully used in a wide range of activities, from smartphone screens to the creation of music and art. Legal academics are increasingly considering the need for using technical tools in criminal area in light of these circumstances, notably for deciding punishment and other kinds of criminal law influence against people who have committed destructive activities. Use of facial recognition technologies is rising in the post-COVID environment. Law enforcement organisations have seen significant gains in criminal investigation and crime prevention thanks to face recognition technologies, but there are also well-known privacy risks and data misuse issues. This essay explores the applications of Facial Recognition Technology in India and dissects the institutional and technological issues on its usage in law enforcement. Additionally, it offers both immediate and long-term answers that must be established before these technologies are widely used

Krüppel-like factor 4, a novel transcription factor regulates microglial activation and subsequent neuroinflammation

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Activation of microglia, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS), is the hallmark of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases and other pathological conditions associated with CNS infection. The activation of microglia is often associated with bystander neuronal death. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is one of the important transcription factors known to be associated with microglial activation which upregulates the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) and other pro-inflammatory cytokines. Recent studies have focused on the role of Krüppel-like factor 4 (Klf4), one of the zinc-finger transcription factors, in mediating inflammation. However, these studies were limited to peripheral system and its role in CNS is not understood. Our studies focused on the possible role of Klf4 in mediating CNS inflammation.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>For <it>in vitro </it>studies, mouse microglial BV-2 cell lines were treated with 500 ng/ml <it>Salmonella enterica </it>lipopolysacchride (LPS). Brain tissues were isolated from BALB/c mice administered with 5 mg/kg body weight of LPS. Expressions of Klf4, Cox-2, iNOS and pNF-κB were evaluated using western blotting, quantitative real time PCR, and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCRs). Klf4 knockdown was carried out using SiRNA specific for Klf4 mRNA and luciferase assays and electromobility shift assay (EMSA) were performed to study the interaction of Klf4 to iNOS promoter elements <it>in vitro</it>. Co-immunoprecipitation of Klf4 and pNF-κB was done in order to study a possible interaction between the two transcription factors.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>LPS stimulation increased Klf4 expression in microglial cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Knockdown of Klf4 resulted in decreased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, MCP-1 and IL-6, along with a significant decrease in iNOS and Cox-2 expression. NO production also decreased as a result of Klf4 knockdown. We found that Klf4 can potentially interact with pNF-κB and is important for iNOS and Cox-2 promoter activity <it>in vitro.</it></p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These studies demonstrate the role of Klf4 in microglia in mediating neuroinflammation in response to the bacterial endotoxin LPS.</p

Startups and the Growing Entrepreneurial Ecosystem

31-38Startups are now being widely recognized as important engines for innovation and growth. The Indian startup ecosystem has evolved dynamically over the last two decades. Some startups were founded in the 2000s, but the ecosystem was still immature as only few investors were active and the number of support organizations such as, incubators and accelerators were limited. The Government of India is taking every possible step towards creating a conducive environment for the country’s startup ecosystem. This paper discusses about the growing startup entrepreneurial ecosystem in India, the support available for nurturing the ecosystem, the role of incubators in the development of startups, the importance of intellectual property (IP) protection and the challenges faced by startups

Confronting a pedagogy of assimilation: the evolution of large-scale schools for tribal children in India

The policy of assimilating, ‘mainstreaming' or ‘de-tribalizing' indigenous communities by placing their children in boarding schools has been increasingly discredited and abandoned, most publicly throughout North America and Australia since the 1980s and 1990s. In India, this history and its dangers are little known, with relatively little awareness of how they are being replicated among many of India's tribal communities. Education-induced assimilationism has evolved more slowly in India, but has now reached a larger scale than in any other country, with many similar manifestations to the ‘stolen generations' model that has created outrage in Australia, Canada, the USA and elsewhere. This article traces the evolution and dangers of this history and the present situation in India

Startups and the Growing Entrepreneurial Ecosystem

Startups are now being widely recognized as important engines for innovation and growth. The Indian startup ecosystem has evolved dynamically over the last two decades. Some startups were founded in the 2000s, but the ecosystem was still immature as only few investors were active and the number of support organizations such as, incubators and accelerators were limited. The Government of India is taking every possible step towards creating a conducive environment for the country’s startup ecosystem. This paper discusses about the growing startup entrepreneurial ecosystem in India, the support available for nurturing the ecosystem, the role of incubators in the development of startups, the importance of intellectual property (IP) protection and the challenges faced by startups

Posterior migration of Ahmed glaucoma valve tube in a patient with Reiger anomaly: a case report

BACKGROUND: To describe, a yet non-documented complication of GDI surgery (glaucoma drainage incision surgery) - anterior to posterior segment migration of Ahmed Glaucoma Valve (AGV) tube. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a young 9 year old boy, diagnosed with refractory glaucoma with Reiger anomaly. History included of poor vision in both eyes, left more than right with glare since childhood. He underwent GDI surgery with AGV implantation following which he developed posterior migration of AGV tube. The detailed ocular history, ophthalmic findings, clinical course, surgical management and development of the posterior tube migration is discussed. CONCLUSION: Posterior Migration of AGV tube has yet not been described. Also there is a role of expectant management of the complication in this case as evidenced by the benign course of events