Intelligent Information Retrieval

The World Wide Web has become an invaluable information resource but the explosion of information available via the web has made web search a time consuming and complex process. Index-based search engines, such as AltaVista, Google or Info seek help, but they are not enough. This paper describes the rationale, architecture, and implementation of a next generation information gathering system 2013; a system that integrates several areas of Artificial Intelligence (AI) research under a single umbrella. Our solution to the information explosion is an information gathering agent, IIR , that plans to gather information to support a decision process, reasons about the resource trade-offs of different possible gathering approaches, extracts information from both unstructured and structured documents, and uses the extracted information to refine its search and processing activities

Ultrasonographic placental localisation and extent of invasion in scarred versus non-scarred uterus and its correlation with obstetrical outcomes: a prospective study

Background: The site of implantation and resultant location of the placenta within the uterus are likely important determinants of placental blood flow and therefore pregnancy success. Abnormal placental implantation or ‘placental invasion’ is a rare, but potentially life‐threatening, complication in the third stage of labour. Currently massive obstetric haemorrhage remains one of the leading causes of maternal mortality. Methods: 140 antenatal women at ≥34 weeks of gestation were selected, out of which 70 had the history of previous caesarean section and 70 had the history of previous vaginal delivery. Detailed USG was done with special emphasis on edge to os distance (EOD), extent and depth of invasion of placenta. All cases were followed till delivery and their intraoperative assessment done and correlated with sonographic findings and obstetrical outcomes. Results: With increasing number of previous caesarean section, depth and extent of invasion of placenta increases and edge to os distance (EOD) decreases. 8.5% cases with previous 1 caesarean section, 22.22% cases with previous 2 caesarean section and 50% cases with previous >2 caesarean section had some adherence of placenta. Conclusions: Uterine scar increases chances of low implantation of placenta as well as its adherence as compared with unscarred uterus. This risk increases with number of caesarean sections. These high-risk cases of scarred uterus especially those with multiple scars should be subjected to detailed sonographic scan by expert radiologist

Comparative study of hysteroscopy with ultrasonography and its correlation with histopathology in cases of abnormal uterine bleeding in perimenipausal women

Background: The aim was to compare the diagnostic efficacy of ultrasonography (USG) and hysteroscopy in detecting uterine abnormalities in abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) by correlating the results with histopathological examination.Methods: This prospective study was conducted among women attending gynecological OPD of Subharti medical college, Meerut over a period of two years from October 2019 to August 2021. A total of 100 perimenopasual women with AUB attending obstetrics and gynaecology OPD were included in this study. All patients underwent transvaginal scan to note down the endometrial thickness and to rule out uterine and adnexal pathology. All the patients underwent diagnostic hysteroscopy, followed by a biopsy of the endometrium using a curette. The endometrium was sent to the pathologist. Findings of these diagnostic modalities then correlated.Results: Out of 100 women, USG detected that 54 patients (54%) had no pathology and 46 patients (46%) had abnormal findings, out of which maximum patients, 29 patients (63.04%) had endometrial hyperplasia. According to hysteroscopy, 46 patients (46%) had normal hysteroscopic findings while 54 patients (54%) had abnormal findings of which maximum were 18 patients (33.33%) who had endometrial hyperplasia. Histopathology findings revealed that 47 patients (47%) had normal findings and 53 patients (53%) had abnormal findings out of which maximum patients 20 (37.7%) had endometrial hyperplasia. In our study of 100 women with AUB, on USG only 1 patient had endometrial malignancy and the same was reported by hysteroscopy and histopathology.Conclusions: In our study hysteroscopy proved to be highly sensitive and specific considering histopathology as gold standard. Ultrasonography has good sensitivity and specificity but less as compared to hysteroscopy

Significance of evaluating mandibular parameters for the identification of an individual

Background: Estimating the age of death is a crucial step since it narrows the field of probable identities that must be compared to remains after mass tragedies. Morphological changes in the mandible are mostly driven by an individual’s age and occlusal status. The aim of this study was to determine the association of the dimensions of these parameters with the age and gender of an individual with a larger sample size using orthopantograms in the north Indian population. Methods: A retrospective radio morphometric analysis was performed for panoramic radiographs of 300 (150 males and 150 females). The digital panoramic images were saved in Dicom format and exported to MicroDicom software for linear measurements. The co-relation of study parameters with age was analyzed by one-way ANOVA and assessment of co-relation with sex by applying student’s t-test. Results: The mean values of the right and left gonial angles were higher in females, while the ramus height and bigonial width dimensions were greater in males. However, only the left gonial angle and ramus height showed statistically significant differences with gender (p<0.05). Conclusions: The present study found substantial changes in gonial angle, ramus height, and bigonial breadth based on gender and age in a larger sample size. As a result, these dimensions can be an accurate predictor of an individual’s age and sex. Thus, morphometric examination of the mandible can be a useful tool in both identifying individuals and studying growth patterns

Expression and Characterization of Chandipura Virus Proteins

Chandipura virus (CHPV) has recently emerged as an extremely lethal human pathogen in the family Rhabdoviridae and is linked to significant encephalitis outbreaks in different parts of India. The biology of CHPV remains less studied to date and the availability of reagents such as purified proteins can enhance research in this direction. In this study, we have overexpressed four of the CHPV proteins namely Nucleoprotein (N), Phosphoprotein (P), Matrix protein (M) and Glycoprotein (G) using three  distinct tags in bacterial system and with changes in inducer concentration, growth and solubilisation conditions successfully purified M and G proteins for the first time along with N and P. Furthermore, the interactions of CHPV M protein with other viral proteins (G, N and P) was investigated using ELISA and GST pull down assays to show the utility of olubilised proteins. The results of both the assays demonstrated that M protein interacts with both G and N proteins, while it does not interact with P protein, in a similar  manner as reported for Vesicular Stomatitis Virus

Phytochemical Analysis And Evaluation Of Antioxidant Activity In Fagopyrum Esculentum

Herbal nutraceutical products have become increasingly popular in recent years, particularly in the dermatology and cosmetics fields, because of their potential to prevent skin photodamage and their photoprotective qualities against UV radiation. Standardized herbal extracts are necessary for modern phytopharmaceutics and phytocosmetics, and buckwheat herb, which is high in flavonoids, has shown promise as an antioxidant source. The objective of the research is to ascertain the existence of various nutraceutical components in buckwheat, such as proteins, carbohydrates, sterols, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins, both quantitatively and qualitatively. The study assesses possible interactions between these components, food, and prescribed medications as the body of research on their health benefits grows. Through a variety of phytochemical tests, the results show the high antioxidant and nutraceutical qualities of Fagopyrum esculentum, with methanolic extracts showing greater activity than water extracts. Notably, the study highlights the high antioxidant activity, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds of F. esculentum as potential major food supplement. This study offers a biochemical justification for its application in ethnopharmacology and as a nutraceutical to improve health and prevent a variety of ailment

PROSOPIS CINERARIA (L) DRUCE: A DESERT TREE TO BRACE LIVELIHOOD IN RAJASTHAN

The Prosopis cineraria (L) Druce is an important tree (Khejri- a local name in Rajasthan)for the Thar Desert withhard climatic adaptation and one of the lifeline in desert habitat as mentioned in ancient literature. This is a speciesrepresenting all five F viz., Forest, Fiber, Fuel, Fodder and Food. This tree is also mythological important in localcommunities. High value of this species recognized as a State symbol (state tree of Rajasthan). Prosopis cineraria(L.) Druce is a tree endemic to hot deserts of India, belonging to the family Leguminosae. Pods locally called“Sangri” are considered as dry fruit of desert and are one of the main ingredients of quintessential Rajasthani dish -The Panchkuta. In the present article, we have attempted to review different characteristics of the pods, tounderstand its health benefits. Various phytoconstituents like tannins (gallic acid), steroids (stigmasterol,campesterol, sitosterol, etc.), Flavone derivatives (prosogerin A, B, C, D, and E), alkaloids (spicigerine,prosophylline), etc. have been isolated from the sangri pods .As this plant is found in water stress (or deficient area)so antioxidant potential of pods has also been discussed. Prosopis cineraria (L) Druce is one of the highly valuedplant in the Indigenous System of Medicine. P. cineraria pods provide protein, iron, vitamins A and C and othermicro minerals Unripe pods are also nutritious and are used to prepare curries and pickles. Its bark is said to be apotent drug for several ailments such as leprosy, dysentery, bronchitis, asthma, leucoderma, piles, muscular tremors,asthma, rheumatism and inflammations. Pharmacological activities like analgesic, antipyretic, antihyperglycemic,antioxidant, antihypercholesterolemic, antitumor, nootropic anthelmintic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral andanticancer activities have been reported from different plant extracts. In view of its medicinal importance, thepresent review is focused to delineate its chemical constitution and therapeutic potentiality, precisely