Sedimentation in the Three Gorges Dam and the future trend of Changjiang (Yangtze River) sediment flux to the sea

The Three Gorges Dam (TGD) on the upper Changjiang (Yangtze River), China, disrupts the continuity of Changjiang sediment delivery to downstream and coastal areas. In this study, which was based on 54 years of annual water and sediment data from the mainstream and major tributaries of Changjiang, sediment deposition induced by the TGD in 2003–2008 was quantified. Furthermore, we determined the theoretical trapping efficiency of the cascade reservoir upstream of the TGD. Its impact on Changjiang sediment flux in the coming decades is discussed. Results show that about 172 million tons (Mt) of sediment was trapped annually by the TGD in 2003–2008, with an averaged trapping efficiency of 75%. Most of the total sediment deposition, as induced by the TGD (88%), accumulated within the region between the TGD site and Cuntan. However, significant siltation (12% of the total sediment deposition) also occurred upstream of Cuntan as a consequence of the upstream extended backwater region of the TGD. Additionally, the Changjiang sediment flux entered a third downward step in 2001, prior to operation of the TGD. This mainly resulted from sediment reduction in the Jinshajiang tributary since the late 1990s. As the cascade reservoir is put into full operation, it could potentially trap 91% of the Jinshajiang sediment discharge and, therefore, the Jinshajiang sediment discharge would most likely further decrease to 14 Mt/yr in the coming decades. Consequently, the Changjiang sediment flux to the sea is expected to continuously decrease to below 90 Mt/yr in the near future, or only 18% of the amount observed in the 1950s. In the presence of low sediment discharge, profound impacts on the morphology of estuary, delta and coastal waters are expected

A novel coping metal material CoCrCu alloy fabricated by selective laser melting with antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of the following article: Ling Ren, Kaveh Memarzadeh, Shuyuan Zhang, Ziqing Sun, Chunguang Yang, Guogang Ren, Robert T. Allaker, Ke Yang, ‘A novel coping metal material CoCrCu alloy fabricated by selective laser melting with antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties’, Vol. 67: 461-467, October 2016, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2016.05.069. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ .OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to fabricate a novel coping metal CoCrCu alloy using a selective laser melting (SLM) technique with antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities and to investigate its microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. METHODS: Novel CoCrCu alloy was fabricated using SLM from a mixture of commercial CoCr based alloy and elemental Cu powders. SLM CoCr without Cu served as control. Antibacterial activity was analyzed using standard antimicrobial tests, and antibiofilm properties were investigated using confocal laser scanning microscope. Cu distribution and microstructure were determined using scanning electron microscope, optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Corrosion resistance was evaluated by potential dynamic polarization and biocompatibility measured using an MTT assay. RESULTS: SLM CoCrCu alloys were found to be bactericidal and able to inhibit biofilm formation. Other factors such as microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility were similar to those of SLM CoCr alloys. SIGNIFICANCE: The addition of appropriate amounts of Cu not only maintains normal beneficial properties of CoCr based alloys, but also provides SLM CoCrCu alloys with excellent antibacterial and antibiofilm capabilities. This material has the potential to be used as a coping metal for dental applications.Peer reviewe

Bloch surface plasmon enhanced blue emission from InGaN/GaN light-emitting diode structures with Al-coated GaN nanorods

InGaN/GaN light-emitting diode structures with Al-coated GaN nanorods were fabricated by using soft ultraviolet nanoimprint lithography. The intensity of light emission was found to be greatly enhanced due to the strong near-fields confined at the interface of Al/GaN and extended to the multiple quantum wells (MQWs) active region. The dynamics of carrier recombination and plasmon-enhanced Raman scattering were also investigated, providing a progressive view on the effective energy transfer between MQWs and surface plasmons.This work was supported by Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Project (Nos. 2011CB301900 and 2012CB619304), the Hi-tech Research Project (No. 2014AA032605), National Nature Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11104130, 61274003, 60990311, 61176063, and 61422401), the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (No. NCET-11-0229), Nature Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Nos. BK2011556, BK2011010, BK2010385, BY2013077, and BE2011132), Funds of Key Laboratory (No. 9140C140102120C14), Scientific Innovation Research of College Graduate in Jiangsu Province (CXZZ12_0052), PAPD, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, the Research Funds from NJUYangzhou Institute of Opto-electronics, and the Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (DE130101700)

N-doped hard/soft double-carbon-coated Na3V2(PO4)3 hybrid-porous microspheres with pseudocapacitive behaviour for ultrahigh power sodium-ion batteries

The development of sodium-ion batteries with high power density is highly challenging yet critically important in many applications. Herein, we develop sodium-ion batteries with ultrahigh power density by using N-doped hard/soft double-carbon-coated Na3V2(PO4)3 hybrid-porous microspheres as a cathode. A higher working potential of 3.4 V, superior rate capability (93 mA h g−1 at 10C, 81 mA h g−1 at 30C) as well as stable cycling performance (72.9% capacity retention at 10C after 1000 cycle) are simultaneously achieved. Very impressively, it can deliver pseudocapacitive behavior and a practical energy density of 317 W h kg−1 at a power density of 194 W kg−1, which also remains 73.5 W h kg−1 even at an ultrahigh power density of 12600 W kg−1. The superior performances can be ascribed to the hybrid-porous microsphere structure, which provide favorable kinetics for bath electron and Na+, large cathode-electrolyte contact area, as well as robust structural integrity. This design provides a promising pathway for developing low-cost sodium-ion batteries with high energy density as well as high power density

NaTi2(PO4)3/N‐Doped Hard Carbon Nanocomposites with Sandwich Structure for High‐Performance Na‐Ion Full Batteries

The well‐matched technology of cathode and anode in Na‐ion full batteries is highly challenging yet critically important in practical applications. Here, the high‐performance Na‐ion full batteries are developed by using NaTi2(PO4)3/N‐doped mesoporous hard carbon hybrid anode and porous Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode. The different anodes are designed for well‐matched Na‐ion full batteries. The unique sandwich and mesoporous structural features endow the hybrid anode with a high reversible capacity (240 mAh g−1 at 1 C), high rate performance (109.7 mAh g−1 at 100 C), ultrahigh energy/power densities (76.56 Wh kg−1/5104 W kg−1) and a long cycle‐life (capacity retention of 92.1 % after 1000 cycles at 100 C) in a half cell. In a full battery this hybrid anode can also deliver a higher capacitive contribution (79.5–87.7 %) and high energy/power densities (104 Wh kg−1/5256 W kg−1). This design provides a promising pathway for developing high performance and low‐cost Na‐ion full batteries

Proceedings of Abstracts Engineering and Computer Science Research Conference 2019

© 2019 The Author(s). This is an open-access work distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. For further details please see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Note: Keynote: Fluorescence visualisation to evaluate effectiveness of personal protective equipment for infection control is © 2019 Crown copyright and so is licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Under this licence users are permitted to copy, publish, distribute and transmit the Information; adapt the Information; exploit the Information commercially and non-commercially for example, by combining it with other Information, or by including it in your own product or application. Where you do any of the above you must acknowledge the source of the Information in your product or application by including or linking to any attribution statement specified by the Information Provider(s) and, where possible, provide a link to this licence: http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/This book is the record of abstracts submitted and accepted for presentation at the Inaugural Engineering and Computer Science Research Conference held 17th April 2019 at the University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK. This conference is a local event aiming at bringing together the research students, staff and eminent external guests to celebrate Engineering and Computer Science Research at the University of Hertfordshire. The ECS Research Conference aims to showcase the broad landscape of research taking place in the School of Engineering and Computer Science. The 2019 conference was articulated around three topical cross-disciplinary themes: Make and Preserve the Future; Connect the People and Cities; and Protect and Care

Proceedings of Abstracts, School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science Research Conference 2022

© 2022 The Author(s). This is an open-access work distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. For further details please see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Plenary by Prof. Timothy Foat, ‘Indoor dispersion at Dstl and its recent application to COVID-19 transmission’ is © Crown copyright (2022), Dstl. This material is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: [email protected] present proceedings record the abstracts submitted and accepted for presentation at SPECS 2022, the second edition of the School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science Research Conference that took place online, the 12th April 2022

Research on the fuel consumption conservation potential of ADAS on passenger cars

Under the trend of automobile electrification, network connection, and intelligence, EU and USA have carried out fuel-saving research and initiatives on ADAS and CAV. The eCoMove project has aimed at economically optimal driving control and traffic management; MAVEN discusses the technical path of GLOSA (Green Light Optimal Speed Advisory) and ecological auto-driving EAD (Eco-Autonomous Driving) by smoothing the vehicle speed. The American NEXTCAR project contains multiple projects. When supplemented with DSF (Dynamic Skip Fire) and 48V technology, the road test led by Ohio State University resulted in a 15% fuel saving rate. Platoon and optimizing intersection signal lights can offer vehicles a more fuel-efficient condition; slope energy utilization, HEV SOC active management, cold storage evaporator, coasting, 48V and mDSF (miller cycle Dynamic Skip Fire) fuel-saving potential has been fully utilized

thesimulationsofannuluscorestructureincfb

In this paper, the stochastic particle-trajectory model is proposed for simulating the dynamic behavior of circulating fluidized bed (CFB). In our model, the motion of solid phase is obtained by calculating the individual particle trajectory while gas flow is obtained by solving the Navier-Stokes Equation including two-phase interaction. For the calculation of solid phase, the motion of each particle is decomposed into a collision process and a suspension process. In suspension process, the less important and/or unclear forces are described as a random force considering gravity, drag force and pressure gradient. As a result, the proposed model gives some numerical simulations of CFB. It indicates that the stochastic particle-trajectory model can be used to simulate qualitatively the annulus-core structure of CFB and the influences of stochastic factors cannot be ignored. In a CFB, the coupling of stochastic factors between two phases makes the radial voidage decreased. Moreover, the upward motion of particles is mitigated by both stochastic factors and turbulence between two phases