1,934 research outputs found
Decorrelation of Neutral Vector Variables: Theory and Applications
In this paper, we propose novel strategies for neutral vector variable
decorrelation. Two fundamental invertible transformations, namely serial
nonlinear transformation and parallel nonlinear transformation, are proposed to
carry out the decorrelation. For a neutral vector variable, which is not
multivariate Gaussian distributed, the conventional principal component
analysis (PCA) cannot yield mutually independent scalar variables. With the two
proposed transformations, a highly negatively correlated neutral vector can be
transformed to a set of mutually independent scalar variables with the same
degrees of freedom. We also evaluate the decorrelation performances for the
vectors generated from a single Dirichlet distribution and a mixture of
Dirichlet distributions. The mutual independence is verified with the distance
correlation measurement. The advantages of the proposed decorrelation
strategies are intensively studied and demonstrated with synthesized data and
practical application evaluations
Soccer training: an effective exercise mode to prevent and treat childhood obesity?
Exercise training has been recognized as an effective treatment for childhood obesity. Clinical experience has shown that great efforts are needed to train children around 10 years old when using traditional aerobic exercise modes, such as walking and running. To seek more attractive training methods for children, in this paper, we review the current literature to evaluate the effectiveness of soccer training on childhood obesity prevention and treatment. Future research direction and sport injury prevention are also discussed
Noise-Robust Fine-Tuning of Pretrained Language Models via External Guidance
Adopting a two-stage paradigm of pretraining followed by fine-tuning,
Pretrained Language Models (PLMs) have achieved substantial advancements in the
field of natural language processing. However, in real-world scenarios, data
labels are often noisy due to the complex annotation process, making it
essential to develop strategies for fine-tuning PLMs with such noisy labels. To
this end, we introduce an innovative approach for fine-tuning PLMs using noisy
labels, which incorporates the guidance of Large Language Models (LLMs) like
ChatGPT. This guidance assists in accurately distinguishing between clean and
noisy samples and provides supplementary information beyond the noisy labels,
thereby boosting the learning process during fine-tuning PLMs. Extensive
experiments on synthetic and real-world noisy datasets further demonstrate the
superior advantages of our framework over the state-of-the-art baselines.Comment: EMNLP Findings 202
Virtual Node Tuning for Few-shot Node Classification
Few-shot Node Classification (FSNC) is a challenge in graph representation
learning where only a few labeled nodes per class are available for training.
To tackle this issue, meta-learning has been proposed to transfer structural
knowledge from base classes with abundant labels to target novel classes.
However, existing solutions become ineffective or inapplicable when base
classes have no or limited labeled nodes. To address this challenge, we propose
an innovative method dubbed Virtual Node Tuning (VNT). Our approach utilizes a
pretrained graph transformer as the encoder and injects virtual nodes as soft
prompts in the embedding space, which can be optimized with few-shot labels in
novel classes to modulate node embeddings for each specific FSNC task. A unique
feature of VNT is that, by incorporating a Graph-based Pseudo Prompt Evolution
(GPPE) module, VNT-GPPE can handle scenarios with sparse labels in base
classes. Experimental results on four datasets demonstrate the superiority of
the proposed approach in addressing FSNC with unlabeled or sparsely labeled
base classes, outperforming existing state-of-the-art methods and even fully
supervised baselines.Comment: Accepted to KDD 202
Aerobic exercise training at maximal fat oxidation intensity improves body composition, glycemic control, and physical capacity in older people with type 2 diabetes
Background: Aerobic training has been used as one of the common treatments for type 2 diabetes; however, further research on the individualized exercise program with the optimal intensity is still necessary. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of supervised exercise training at the maximal fat oxidation (FATmax) intensity on body composition, glycemic control, lipid profile, and physical capacity in older people with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Twenty-four women and 25 men with type 2 diabetes, aged 60–69 years. The exercise groups trained at the individualized FATmax intensity for 1 h/day for 3 days/week over 16 weeks. No dietary intervention was introduced during the experimental period. Whole body fat, abdominal fat, oral glucose tolerance test, lipid profile, and physical capacity were measured before and after the interventions. Results: FATmax intensity was at 41.3 ± 3.2% VO2max for women and 46.1 ± 10.3% VO2max for men. Exercise groups obtained significant improvements in body composition, with a special decrease in abdominal obesity; decreased resting blood glucose concentration and HbA1c; and increased VO2max, walking ability, and lower body strength, compared to the non-exercising controls. Daily energy intake and medication remained unchanged for all participants during the experimental period. Conclusion: Beside the improvements in the laboratory variables, the individualized FATmax training can also benefit daily physical capacity of older people with type 2 diabetes
NCL++: Nested Collaborative Learning for Long-Tailed Visual Recognition
Long-tailed visual recognition has received increasing attention in recent
years. Due to the extremely imbalanced data distribution in long-tailed
learning, the learning process shows great uncertainties. For example, the
predictions of different experts on the same image vary remarkably despite the
same training settings. To alleviate the uncertainty, we propose a Nested
Collaborative Learning (NCL++) which tackles the long-tailed learning problem
by a collaborative learning. To be specific, the collaborative learning
consists of two folds, namely inter-expert collaborative learning (InterCL) and
intra-expert collaborative learning (IntraCL). In-terCL learns multiple experts
collaboratively and concurrently, aiming to transfer the knowledge among
different experts. IntraCL is similar to InterCL, but it aims to conduct the
collaborative learning on multiple augmented copies of the same image within
the single expert. To achieve the collaborative learning in long-tailed
learning, the balanced online distillation is proposed to force the consistent
predictions among different experts and augmented copies, which reduces the
learning uncertainties. Moreover, in order to improve the meticulous
distinguishing ability on the confusing categories, we further propose a Hard
Category Mining (HCM), which selects the negative categories with high
predicted scores as the hard categories. Then, the collaborative learning is
formulated in a nested way, in which the learning is conducted on not just all
categories from a full perspective but some hard categories from a partial
perspective. Extensive experiments manifest the superiority of our method with
outperforming the state-of-the-art whether with using a single model or an
ensemble. The code will be publicly released.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2203.1535
Liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight and ion trap mass spectrometry for qualitative analysis of herbal medicines
AbstractWith the expansion of herbal medicine (HM) market, the issue on how to apply up-to-date analytical tools on qualitative analysis of HMs to assure their quality, safety and efficacy has been arousing great attention. Due to its inherent characteristics of accurate mass measurements and multiple stages analysis, the integrated strategy of liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) and ion trap mass spectrometry (IT-MS) is well-suited to be performed as qualitative analysis tool in this field. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview on the potential of this integrated strategy, including the review of general features of LC-IT-MS and LC-TOF-MS, the advantages of their combination, the common procedures for structure elucidation, the potential of LC-hybrid-IT-TOF/MS and also the summary and discussion of the applications of the integrated strategy for HM qualitative analysis (2006–2011). The advantages and future developments of LC coupled with IT and TOF-MS are highlighted
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