PO-083 Tracking Research of Body Function Monitoring on Mountain Cyclists during Plain-Plateau-Lower Plateau Training

Objective To explore the functional changes of mountain bike athletes in the course of continuous training of six weeks plain, plateau and lower plateau, and to provide reference basis for coaches to choose plateau training, arrange plateau training and downhill time in a targeted way. Methods The continuous tracking and monitoring of the 6 weeks plain, 6 weeks plateau and 6 weeks lower plateau training of the 8 Anhui mountain cycling team athletes were carried out, and some functional indicators(WBC, RBC, HCT, HB, BUN, CK, T, C, etc.) were analyzed. Results (1) Six weeks of plain training, serum BUN, CK showed a significant increase in the 5th and 6th weeks(P<0.01), serum T reached the lowest level in the 3rd week(P<0.05), and reached a higher value in the 5th and 6th weeks. (2) Six weeks of plateau training, HB and HCT have been maintained at a high value, BUN has an upward trend, CK and C have a downward trend, and T has a gradual upward trend, with no significant differences(P>0.05). (3) Six weeks of training in the lower plateau, HB and HCT began to show a gradual downward trend from the first week, starting from the fourth week, BUN has a downward trend, CK has increased significantly, serum T has decreased, and the fourth week reaches The lowest value, the fifth week began to rebound. Conclusions (1)Plain training can gradually improve the athlete's ability to adapt to the training load and the level of function; (2)Plain training is easier to increase load strength than plateau training, and plateau training is easier to increase load than plain training. (3)Plain training and plateau training can all improve the athletes 'HB, HCT, and T levels, but plateau training is more advanced than plain training; (4)HB, HCT, and T can be maintained at a higher level within 1 week of the Lower Plateau. From the second week, HB, HCT, and T show a gradual downward trend. In the third week, HB drops to the lowest value, and in the fourth week, T reaches the lowest value. Proposal: (1)mountain bike athletes can consider arranging 5-6 weeks of plain training before going to the plateau; (2)During plateau training, it is easy to cause BUN to rise. Coaches must plan the active recovery time of athletes; (3)Plateau training can improve the athletes 'functional level, but the time to participate in the competition in the lower plateau must be controlled within one week. &nbsp

Optimization Method Based On Optimal Control

In this paper, we focus on a method based on optimal control to address the optimization problem. The objective is to find the optimal solution that minimizes the objective function. We transform the optimization problem into optimal control by designing an appropriate cost function. Using Pontryagin's Maximum Principle and the associated forward-backward difference equations (FBDEs), we derive the iterative update gain for the optimization. The steady system state can be considered as the solution to the optimization problem. Finally, we discuss the compelling characteristics of our method and further demonstrate its high precision, low oscillation, and applicability for finding different local minima of non-convex functions through several simulation examples

Pupillary response to moving stimuli of different speeds

Purpose: To investigate the pupillary response to moving stimuli of different speeds and the influence of different luminance environments. Methods: Twenty-eight participants with normal or corrected-to-normal vision were included. The participants were required to track moving optotypes horizontally, and their pupils were videoed with an infrared camera. Stimuli of different speeds were presented in different luminance environments. Results: Experiment 1 demonstrated that the motion stimuli induced pupil dilation in a speed-dependent pattern. The pupil dilation increased as the speed increased, and the pupil dilation gradually increased, then reached saturation. Experiment 2 showed that a stimulus targeting the rod- or cone-mediated pathway could induce pupil dilation in a similar speed-dependent pattern. The absolute but not relative pupil dilation in the cone paradigm was significantly larger than that in the rod paradigm. As the speed increased, the pupil dilation in the cone paradigm reached saturation at speed slower than the rod paradigm. Conclusions: Motion stimuli induced pupil dilation in a speed-dependent pattern, and as the motion speed increased, the pupil dilation gradually increased and reached saturation. And the speed required to reach saturation in the cone paradigm was slower than in the rod paradigm

CopyRNeRF: Protecting the CopyRight of Neural Radiance Fields

Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) have the potential to be a major representation of media. Since training a NeRF has never been an easy task, the protection of its model copyright should be a priority. In this paper, by analyzing the pros and cons of possible copyright protection solutions, we propose to protect the copyright of NeRF models by replacing the original color representation in NeRF with a watermarked color representation. Then, a distortion-resistant rendering scheme is designed to guarantee robust message extraction in 2D renderings of NeRF. Our proposed method can directly protect the copyright of NeRF models while maintaining high rendering quality and bit accuracy when compared among optional solutions.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, accepted by iccv 2023 non-camera-ready versio

In Vivo Direct Reprogramming of Reactive Glial Cells into Functional Neurons after Brain Injury and in an Alzheimer’s Disease Model

SummaryLoss of neurons after brain injury and in neurodegenerative disease is often accompanied by reactive gliosis and scarring, which are difficult to reverse with existing treatment approaches. Here, we show that reactive glial cells in the cortex of stab-injured or Alzheimer’s disease (AD) model mice can be directly reprogrammed into functional neurons in vivo using retroviral expression of a single neural transcription factor, NeuroD1. Following expression of NeuroD1, astrocytes were reprogrammed into glutamatergic neurons, while NG2 cells were reprogrammed into glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. Cortical slice recordings revealed both spontaneous and evoked synaptic responses in NeuroD1-converted neurons, suggesting that they integrated into local neural circuits. NeuroD1 expression was also able to reprogram cultured human cortical astrocytes into functional neurons. Our studies therefore suggest that direct reprogramming of reactive glial cells into functional neurons in vivo could provide an alternative approach for repair of injured or diseased brain

Selective Inhibitors of Human mPGES-1 from Structure-Based Computational Screening

Human mPGES-1 is recognized as a promising target for next generation of anti-inflammatory drugs. Although various mPGES-1 inhibitors have been reported in literature, few have entered clinical trials and none has been proven clinically useful so far. It is highly desired for developing the next generation of therapeutics for inflammation-related diseases to design and discover novel inhibitors of mPGES-1 with new scaffolds. Here, we report the identification of a series of new, potent and selective inhibitors of human mPGES-1 with diverse scaffolds through combined computational and experimental studies. The computationally modeled binding structures of these new inhibitors with mPGES-1 provide some interesting clues for rational design of modified structures of the inhibitors to more favorably bind with mPGES-1

A Quantitative LC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Determination of Cocaine and Its Metabolites in Whole Blood

As new metabolic pathways of cocaine were recently identified, a high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was developed to simultaneously determine cocaine and nine cocaine-related metabolites in whole blood samples. One-step solid phase extraction was used to extract all of the ten compounds and corresponding internal standards from blood samples. All compounds and internal standards extracted were separated on an Atlantis T3 (100 Å, 3 μm, 2.1 mm × 150 mm I.D) column and detected in positive ion and high sensitivity mode with multiple reaction monitoring. This method was validated for its sensitivity, linearity, specificity, accuracy, precision, recovery, and stability. All of the ten compounds were quantifiable ranging from the lower limit of quantification (LLOQs) of ∼10 nM (1.9–3.2 ng/ml) to ∼1000 nM (190–320 ng/ml) without any interfering substance. Accuracy and precision were determined, and both of them were within the acceptance criteria of the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) guidelines. The recovery was above 66.7% for all compounds. Stability tests demonstrated the stability of compounds under different storage conditions in whole blood samples. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study with co-administration of cocaine and alcohol in rats

A Quantitative Analysis of Open Source Software Code Quality: Insights from Metric Distributions

Code quality is a crucial construct in open-source software (OSS) with three dimensions: maintainability, reliability, and functionality. To accurately measure them, we divide 20 distinct metrics into two types: 1) threshold-type metrics that influence code quality in a monotonic manner; 2) non-threshold-type metrics that lack a monotonic relationship to evaluate. We propose a distribution-based method to provide scores for metrics, which demonstrates great explainability on OSS adoption. Our empirical analysis includes more than 36,460 OSS projects and their raw metrics from SonarQube and CK. Our work contributes to the understanding of the multi-dimensional construct of code quality and its metric measurements

ConES: Concept Embedding Search for Parameter Efficient Tuning Large Vision Language Models

Large pre-trained vision-language models have shown great prominence in transferring pre-acquired knowledge to various domains and downstream tasks with appropriate prompting or tuning. Existing prevalent tuning methods can be generally categorized into three genres: 1) prompt engineering by creating suitable prompt texts, which is time-consuming and requires domain expertise; 2) or simply fine-tuning the whole model, which is extremely inefficient; 3) prompt tuning through parameterized prompt embeddings with the text encoder. Nevertheless, all methods rely on the text encoder for bridging the modality gap between vision and language. In this work, we question the necessity of the cumbersome text encoder for a more lightweight and efficient tuning paradigm as well as more representative prompt embeddings closer to the image representations. To achieve this, we propose a Concept Embedding Search (ConES) approach by optimizing prompt embeddings -- without the need of the text encoder -- to capture the 'concept' of the image modality through a variety of task objectives. By dropping the text encoder, we are able to significantly speed up the learning process, \eg, from about an hour to just ten minutes in our experiments for personalized text-to-image generation without impairing the generation quality. Moreover, our proposed approach is orthogonal to current existing tuning methods since the searched concept embeddings can be further utilized in the next stage of fine-tuning the pre-trained large models for boosting performance. Extensive experiments show that our approach can beat the prompt tuning and textual inversion methods in a variety of downstream tasks including objection detection, instance segmentation, and image generation. Our approach also shows better generalization capability for unseen concepts in specialized domains, such as the medical domain

Clinical Potential of an Enzyme-Based Novel Therapy for Cocaine Overdose

It is a grand challenge to develop a truly effective medication for treatment of cocaine overdose. The current available, practical emergence treatment for cocaine overdose includes administration of a benzodiazepine anticonvulsant agent (e.g. diazepam) and/or physical cooling with an aim to relieve the symptoms. The inherent difficulties of antagonizing physiological effects of drugs in the central nervous system have led to exploring protein-based pharmacokinetic approaches using biologics like vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, and enzymes. However, none of the pharmacokinetic agents has demonstrated convincing preclinical evidence of clinical potential for drug overdose treatment without a question mark on the timing used in the animal models. Here we report the use of animal models, including locomotor activity, protection, and rescue experiments in rats, of drug toxicity treatment with clinically relevant timing for the first time. It has been demonstrated that an efficient cocaine-metabolizing enzyme developed in our previous studies can rapidly reverse the cocaine toxicity whenever the enzyme is given to a living rat, demonstrating promising clinical potential of an enzyme-based novel therapy for cocaine overdose as a successful example in comparison with the commonly used diazepam