175 research outputs found
Learning to Program with Natural Language
Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in various
basic natural language tasks, which raises hope for achieving Artificial
General Intelligence. For completing the complex task, we still need a program
for the task first and then ask LLMs to follow the program to generate the
specific solution. We propose using natural language as a new programming
language to describe task procedures, making them easily understandable to both
humans and LLMs. ~The LLM is capable of directly generating natural language
programs, but these programs may still contain factual errors or incomplete
steps. Therefore, we further propose the Learning to Program (\text{LP}) method
to ask LLMs themselves to learn the natural language program based on the
training dataset of the complex task first and then use the learned program to
guide the inference. Our experiments on the reasoning tasks of five different
reasoning types (8 datasets) demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Further, our analysis experiment shows that the learned program can be directly
used to guide another LLM to improve its performance, which reveals a new
transfer learning paradigm.Comment: Work in progres
Quantum phases of SrCu2(BO3)2 from high-pressure thermodynamics
We report heat capacity measurements of SrCu(BO) under high
pressure along with simulations of relevant quantum spin models and map out the
phase diagram of the material. We find a first-order quantum phase
transition between the low-pressure quantum dimer paramagnet and a phase with
signatures of a plaquette-singlet state below T = K. At higher pressures,
we observe a transition into a previously unknown antiferromagnetic state below
K. Our findings can be explained within the two-dimensional
Shastry-Sutherland quantum spin model supplemented by weak inter-layer
couplings. The possibility to tune SrCu(BO) between the
plaquette-singlet and antiferromagnetic states opens opportunities for
experimental tests of quantum field theories and lattice models involving
fractionalized excitations, emergent symmetries, and gauge fluctuations.Comment: 6 pages + 8 pages supplemental informatio
Factors governing the pre-concentration of wastewater using forward osmosis for subsequent resource recovery
This study demonstrated a technique using forward osmosis (FO) to pre-concentrate the organic matter in raw wastewater, thereby transforming low strength wastewater into an anaerobically digestible solution. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) of raw wastewater was concentrated up to approximately eightfold at a water recovery of 90%. Thus, even low strength wastewater could be pre-concentrated by FO to the range suitable for biogas production via anaerobic treatment. Excessive salinity accumulation in pre-concentrated wastewater was successfully mitigated by adopting ionic organic draw solutes, namely, sodium acetate, and EDTA-2Na. These two draw solutes are also expected to benefit the digestibility of the pre-concentrated wastewater compared to the commonly used draw solute sodium chloride. Significant membrane fouling was observed when operating at 90% water recovery using raw wastewater. Nevertheless, membrane fouling was reversible and was effectively controlled by optimising the hydrodynamic conditions of the cross-flow FO system
Deconfined quantum critical point lost in pressurized SrCu2(BO3)2
In the field of correlated electron materials, the relation between the
resonating spin singlet and antiferromagnetic states has long been an
attractive topic for understanding of the interesting macroscopic quantum
phenomena, such as the ones emerging from magnetic frustrated materials,
antiferromagnets and high-temperature superconductors. SrCu2(BO3)2 is a
well-known quantum magnet, and it is theoretically expected to be the candidate
of correlated electron material for clarifying the existence of a
pressure-induced deconfined quantum critical point (DQCP), featured by a
continuous quantum phase transition, between the plaquette-singlet (PS) valence
bond solid phase and the antiferromagnetic (AF) phase. However, the real nature
of the transition is yet to be identified experimentally due to the technical
challenge. Here we show the experimental results for the first time, through
the state-of-the-art high-pressure heat capacity measurement, that the PS-AF
phase transition of the pressurized SrCu2(BO3)2 at zero field is clearly a
first-order one. Our result clarifies the more than two-decade long debates
about this key issue, and resonates nicely with the recent quantum entanglement
understanding that the theoretically predicted DQCPs in representative lattice
models are actually a first-order transition. Intriguingly, we also find that
the transition temperatures of the PS and AF phase meet at the same
pressure-temperature point, which signifies a bi-critical point as those
observed in Fe-based superconductor and heavy-fermion compound, and constitutes
the first experimental discovery of the pressure-induced bi-critical point in
frustrated magnets. Our results provide fresh information for understanding the
evolution among different spin states of correlated electron materials under
pressure.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
Effect of heavy metals in recycled water used for household laundry on quality of cloth and washing machine
Extreme suppression of antiferromagnetic order and critical scaling in a two-dimensional random quantum magnet
Sr_2CuTeO_6 is a square-lattice Néel antiferromagnet with superexchange between first-neighbor S=1/2 Cu spins mediated by plaquette centered Te ions. Substituting Te by W, the affected impurity plaquettes have predominantly second-neighbor interactions, thus causing local magnetic frustration. Here we report a study of Sr_2CuTe_1-xW_xO_6 using neutron diffraction and μSR techniques, showing that the Néel order vanishes already at x=0.025±0.005. We explain this extreme order suppression using a two-dimensional Heisenberg spin model, demonstrating that a W-type impurity induces a deformation of the order parameter that decays with distance as 1/r^2 at temperature T=0. The associated logarithmic singularity leads to loss of order for any x>0. Order for small x>0 and T>0 is induced by weak interplane couplings. In the nonmagnetic phase of Sr_2CuTe_1-x W_x O_6, the μSR relaxation rate exhibits quantum critical scaling with a large dynamic exponent, z≈3, consistent with a random-singlet state.Accepted manuscrip
The fate of pharmaceuticals, steroid hormones, phytoestrogens, UV-filters and pesticides during MBR treatment
Selection of forward osmosis draw solutes for subsequent integration with anaerobic treatment to facilitate resource recovery from wastewater
- …