40 research outputs found
Dense-Coding Attack on Three-Party Quantum Key Distribution Protocols
Cryptanalysis is an important branch in the study of cryptography, including
both the classical cryptography and the quantum one. In this paper we analyze
the security of two three-party quantum key distribution protocols (QKDPs)
proposed recently, and point out that they are susceptible to a simple and
effective attack, i.e. the dense-coding attack. It is shown that the
eavesdropper Eve can totally obtain the session key by sending entangled qubits
as the fake signal to Alice and performing collective measurements after
Alice's encoding. The attack process is just like a dense-coding communication
between Eve and Alice, where a special measurement basis is employed.
Furthermore, this attack does not introduce any errors to the transmitted
information and consequently will not be discovered by Alice and Bob. The
attack strategy is described in detail and a proof for its correctness is
given. At last, the root of this insecurity and a possible way to improve these
protocols are discussed.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
Consistency of shared reference frames should be reexamined
In a recent Letter [G. Chiribella et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 120501
(2007)], four protocols were proposed to secretly transmit a reference frame.
Here We point out that in these protocols an eavesdropper can change the
transmitted reference frame without being detected, which means the consistency
of the shared reference frames should be reexamined. The way to check the above
consistency is discussed. It is shown that this problem is quite different from
that in previous protocols of quantum cryptography.Comment: 3 pages, 1 figure, comments are welcom
Quantum key distribution without alternative measurements and rotations
A quantum key distribution protocol based on entanglement swapping is
proposed. Through choosing particles by twos from the sequence and performing
Bell measurements, two communicators can detect eavesdropping and obtain the
secure key. Because the two particles measured together are selected out
randomly, we need neither alternative measurements nor rotations of the Bell
states to obtain security.Comment: 11 pages, no figures, a modified version of quant-ph/0412014, add a
security proof and delete the identification par
Spontaneous activities in baroreflex afferent pathway contribute dominant role in parasympathetic neurocontrol of blood pressure regulation
Aim
To study the dominant role of parasympathetic inputs at cellular level of baroreflex afferent pathway and underlying mechanism in neurocontrol of blood pressure regulation.
Methods
Whole‐cell patch‐clamp and animal study were conducted.
Results
For the first time, we demonstrated the spontaneous activities from resting membrane potential in myelinated A‐ and Ah‐type baroreceptor neurons (BRNs, the 1st‐order), but not in unmyelinated C‐types, using vagus‐nodose slice of adult female rats. These data were further supported by the notion that the spontaneous synaptic currents could only be seen in the pharmacologically and electrophysiologically defined myelinated A‐ and Ah‐type baroreceptive neurons (the 2nd‐order) of NTS using brainstem slice of adult female rats. The greater frequency and the larger amplitude of the spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) compared with the inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) were only observed in Ah‐types. The ratio of EPSCs:IPSCs was estimated at 3:1 and higher. These results confirmed that the afferent‐specific spontaneous activities were generated from baroreflex afferent pathway in female‐specific subpopulation of myelinated Ah‐type BRNs in nodose and baroreceptive neurons in NTS, which provided a novel insight into the dominant role of sex‐specific baroreflex‐evoked parasympathetic drives in retaining a stable and lower blood pressure status in healthy subjects, particularly in females.
Conclusion
The data from current investigations establish a new concept for the role of Ah‐type baroreceptor/baroreceptive neurons in controlling blood pressure stability and provide a new pathway for pharmacological intervention for hypertension and cardiovascular diseases
practical quantum all-or-nothing oblivious transfer protocol
In this paper, we propose a practical quantum all-or-nothing oblivious transfer protocol. Its security is based on technological limitations on non-demolition measurements and long-term quantum memory, and it has the capabilities of loss-tolerance and error-correction. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.In this paper, we propose a practical quantum all-or-nothing oblivious transfer protocol. Its security is based on technological limitations on non-demolition measurements and long-term quantum memory, and it has the capabilities of loss-tolerance and error-correction. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York