GANGGUAN BERJALAN PADA KRETIN ENDEMIK

A study of 27 cases of cretinism is hereby reported. A prominent feature of the disease is a disturbance in coordination, which manifests itself as delayed and difficulty in walking. The symptoms will become more complex, the earlier the deficiency in iodine and thyroid hormone exists

Do Minimum Wages Reduce Employment and Training?

Sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) are emerging as developing Asia's main policy tool for handling the region's excess foreign exchange reserves. SWFs represent a strategic shift of excess reserves from low-risk, low-return investments to high-risk, high-return investments, and are subject to a wide range of downside risks. The underlying nature of Asia's reserves, which are the consequence of the central bank's purchases of foreign exchange, means that those reserves have counterpart liabilities in the commercial banks that form the backbone of the region's financial systems. This suggests that the realization of SWFs' downside risks may have serious adverse effects on the region's domestic financial stability. The broader implication is that the transformation of Asia into a major exporter of capital raises the possibility that capital outflows can also be a direct source of financial instability in the region

Nephroprotective Effect of Pentoxyphylline Through Improvement in the Expression of TGF-beta1, Collagen Type-1, and Renal Interstitial Fibrosis in Swiss Strain Mice After Being Induced by Doxorubicin

BACKGROUND: Use of doxorubicin (DXR) in the treatment of cancer has been increasing along with the increase in cancer morbidity. Nephrotoxic effects of DXR are still a problem. Pentoxyphylline (PTX) as an electron-donor material can be nephroprotective, so the combination of DXR and PTX might reduce the nephrotoxic effects of DXR. The aim of this study was to prove the nephroprotective effect of PTX and DXR nephrotoxicity through the improvement of TGF-β1, collage type-1, and renal interstitial fibrosis. METHODS: Twenty-four males Swiss strain mice, divided into three groups namely Control (C) injected with NaCl 0.9%; DXR induced nephrotoxicity (D); and effect of PTX on D (P/D) by intraperitoneally, respectively, each group consisted of 8 mice. Injections were given once a week for three consecutive weeks. At 8th week post-treatment, all eight mice of each group were sacrificed. Examination of TGF-β1 and collagen type-I expression was done by immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibody. Renal interstitial fibrosis examination was done by a histopathologist, using Verheoff van Giesen staining. The statistic analysis was carried out using one-way ANOVA. RESULTS: TGF-β1 expression increased from C to D and subsequently decreased in P/D (4.50±3.89 vs. 177.88±68.78 vs. 36.88±9.51). Collagen type-I expression increased from C to D and subsequently decreased in P/D (12.00±14.32 vs. 186.25±125.62 vs. 36.00±29.14). Renal interstitial fibrosis expression increased from C to D and subsequently decreased in P/D (16.75±6.14 vs. 85.00±7.33 vs. 60.50±11.40). The expression of TGF-β1, collagen type-1, and renal interstitial fibrosis were higher significantly in D group as compared to C group (p<0,001). The expression of TGF-β1, collagen type-1, and renal interstitial fibrosis were lower significantly in P/D group as compared to D group (p<0.005). CONCLUSIONS: PTX was proved to be nephroprotector inducing by DXR. KEYWORDS: PTX, nephroprotector, TGF-β1, collagen type-I, renal interstitial fibrosis

Pemodelan Sumber Gempa di Wilayah Sulawesi Utara sebagai Upaya Mitigasi Bencana Gempa Bumi

PEMODELAN SUMBER GEMPA DI WILAYAH SULAWESI UTARA SEBAGAI UPAYA MITIGASI BENCANA GEMPA BUMI 1) Guntur Pasau2) dan Adey Tanauma2); e-mail: [email protected])Penelitian IPTEK dan Seni dengan Biaya DIPA Unsrat Tahun 2011 2)Progran Studi Fisika FMIPA Universitas San Ratulangi Manado, 95115 ABSTRAK Pemodelan sumber gempa di wilayah Sulawesi Utara telah dilakukan. Pemodelan sumber gempa menggunakan teori probabilitas total merupakan salah satu upaya mitigasi dalam mengetahui besarnya percepatan suatu gerakan tanah yang diakibatkan oleh suatu gempa bumi. Analisis perhitungan percepatan tanah maksimum di batuan dasar meliputi probabilitas terlampaui 10% dalam 50 tahun. Hasil analisis pemodelan sumber gempa yang telah dilakukan didapatkan bahwa nilai percepatan tanah pada beberapa kota besar di Sulawesi Utara cukup tinggi. Nilai percepatan tanah maksimum yang tertinggi adalah Kota Gorontalo dengan nilai percepatan sekitar 0,5g kemudian disusul oleh Kota Bitung sebesar 0,4g, dan Kota Manado sebesar 0,25g. Kata Kunci: pemodelan, sumber gempa, probabilitas, percepatan, batuan dasar. EARTHQUAKE SOURCE MODELING OF NORTH SULAWESI REGION AS AN EFFORT OF EARTHQUAKE DISASTER MITIGATION ABSTRACT Earthquake source modeling of North Sulawesi region was carried out. The earthquake source modeling using the theory of total probability is one of the mitigation efforts in knowing the magnitude of the acceleration of the ground motion caused by an earthquake. Analysis of the calculation of the maximum ground acceleration at bedrock includes the probability of exceedance 10% in 50 years. The results of the earthquake source modeling analysis has been done found that the ground acceleration values ​​in some major cities in North Sulawesi is quite high. The maximum ground acceleration value of the highest is the of Gorontalo City with a value of about 0.5 g acceleration was followed by the Bitung City of 0.4 g, and the Manado City of 0.25 g

Spektrum optogalvanik atom neon di daerah

INTISARI. Dilakukan eksperimen teknik laser optogalvanik untuk mendeteksi transisi atom neon dalam lampu lucutan dengan cara mengarahkan berkas laser ke dalam lampu lucutan dan diamati perubahan tegangan akibat adanya serapan oleh transisi elektron dalam aras-aras tenaga atom neon. Eksperimen ini dikerjakan dengan menggunakan laser zat-warna (rhodarnine 6G + rhodamine B) tertala, yang dipompa dengan laser pulsa Nd:YAG. Transisi-transisi atom neon yang dapat terdeteksi dengan teknik ini adalah pada panjang gelombang 594,5 nm596,2 nrn596,6 nm597,5 nm603 nm609,6 nm612,8 nm614,3 nm dan 616,5 nm dengan panjang gelombang 594,5597,5 dan 614,3 nm berasal dan aras tenaga metastabil dan lebar garis spektrum optogalvanik dit 0,08 nm (A, 60 GHz). Kata kunci: spektrum optogalvanik, transisi atom neo

Efisiensi Teknis Dan Ekonomi Alat Tangkap Garuk Dan Peluang Pengembangannya Di Desa Rawameneng, Kabupaten Subang

Alat tangkap garuk merupakan alat tangkap yang dominan di Desa RawamenengBlanakan. Alat ini memiliki produktifitas yang baik untuk menangkapkerang.Produktifitas alat tangkap garuk tersebut berhubungan dengan kemampuan alattangkap untuk memberikan hasil tangkapan yang baik dan keuntungan bagi nelayan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan efisiensi teknis dan ekonomis alat tangkapgaruk dan menentukan peluang pengembangannya di Desa Rawameneng. Untukmenentukan produktifitas alat garuk, data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara teknis danekonomis. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa efisiensi teknis alat tangkap garuk diDesa Rawameneng berkisar antara 0,22-6,41. Ditinjau dari sisi ekonomi alat tangkapgaruk mampu memberikan pendapatan dengan kisaran Rp39.790.000-Rp108.468.000dengan rata-rata Return of Investment 299 %, Revenue-Cost Ratio 4,36 dan waktupengembalian modal (Payback period) 0,33