76 research outputs found
Développements récents de la recherche germanophone en entrepreneuriat et PME : Une analyse des articles parus de 1997 à 2006
La recherche germanophone (en entrepreneuriat et PME) est pratiquement inconnue des chercheurs francophones. Cela est en partie dĂ» au fait que la langue anglaise sâest imposĂ©e dans les milieux scientifiques et des affaires. Cette ignorance de la recherche germanophone est regrettable pour au moins deux raisons : 1) les chercheurs germanophones ont souvent Ă©tĂ© des pionniers dans le domaine des PME et de lâentrepreneuriat et 2) les PME occupent une place prĂ©pondĂ©rante dans lâĂ©conomie et la politique Ă©conomique des trois pays germanophones (Autriche, Allemagne et Suisse).Lâobjectif de cet article est de combler ce manque de connaissance en proposant de faire un Ă©tat de lieux sur la recherche germanophone en entrepreneuriat et PME au cours des dix derniĂšres annĂ©es, soit de 1997 Ă 2006. Pour cela, les auteurs, au travers dâune Ă©tude descriptive, sâintĂ©ressent aux articles parus dans les trois revues scientifiques germanophones principales en entrepreneuriat et PME : Schmalenbachs Zeitschrift fĂŒr betriebswirtschaftliche Forschung â ZfbF ; Zeitschrift fĂŒr Betriebswirtschaft â ZfB ; et Zeitschrift fĂŒr Klein- und Mittelunternehmen â ZfKE.Lâarticle, composĂ© de trois parties, donne un aperçu des origines de la recherche en entrepreneuriat et PME, dĂ©finit la mĂ©thode utilisĂ©e pour cette Ă©tude et dĂ©taille les rĂ©sultats selon les auteurs, les types de publications et les disciplines abordĂ©es.The German-speaking research in entrepreneurship and small business is unknown in France. This is due to the fact that English has become the most used language for scientific works and in the international economic context. The ignorance of the German speaking research is at last regrettable for two reasons : 1) German-speaking researchers have been pioneers in the fields of entrepreneuship and SMEs ; 2) SMEs represent a large part of the economy in the three biggest German-speaking countries (Austria, Germany and Switzerland).The purpose of this, mainly descriptive, contribution is to make an inventory of research on SMEs and entrepreneurship in the last ten years (1997-2006). We will present a record of the main German-speaking journals in the fields of SMEs and entrepreneurship : Schmalenbachs Zeitschrift fĂŒr betriebswirtschaftliche Forschung â ZfbF ; Zeitschrift fĂŒr Betriebswirtschaft â ZfB ; and Zeitschrift fĂŒr Klein- und Mittelunternehmen â ZfKE. We will try to present the origins of these fields, the used methodologies, the types of publications and the topics.La investigaciĂłn de habla alemana sobre la pequeña y mediana empresa, asĂ como sobre el empresariado es prĂĄcticamente desconocida en el medio de habla francesa. La barrera lingĂŒistica, el reconocimiento del inglĂ©s como lingua franca en la investigaciĂłn y en la economĂa internacional parecen ser la causa de esta falta de visibilidad. Esta ignorancia de la investigaciĂłn de habla alemana es lamentable por al menos por dos razones : primero, porque investigadores de habla alemana han sido pioneros en los campos de pequeña y mediana empresa asĂ como en el empresariado y secundo, porque la pequeña y mediana empresa ejerce un papel principal en los paĂses de lengua alemana tales como Austria, Alemania y Suiza.La meta de este trabajo, mayoriatariamente descriptivo, es presentar la investigaciĂłn de habla alemana de los Ășltimos 10 años (1996-2006) sobre la pequeña y mediana empresa asĂ como sobre el empresariado. Presentaremos un inventario de publicaciones especĂficas de habla alemana (Schmalenbachs Zeitschrift fĂŒr betriebswirtschaftliche Forschung â ZfbF, Zeitschrift fĂŒr Betriebswirtschaft â ZfB y Zeitschrift fĂŒr Klein- und Mittelunternehmen â ZfKE), e intentaremos ilustrar asĂ los orĂgenes de la investigaciĂłn sobre la pequeña y mediana empresa asĂ como sobre el empresariado, los mĂ©todos de investigaciĂłn, los tipos de publicaciones y las especializaciones.Die deutschsprachige Entrepreneurship- und KMU-Forschung ist fast völlig unbekannt im französischen Sprachraum. Die sprachliche HĂŒrde, die Annerkennung der englischen Sprache als lingua franca fĂŒr wissenschaftliche Arbeiten und im internationalen Wirtschaftstreiben scheinen die HauptgrĂŒnde dieser fehlenden VisibilitĂ€t zu sein. Diese Ignoranz an deutschsprachiger Forschung ist einerseits deshalb schon bedauerlich, da die deutschsprachigen Wissenschafter oft Pioniere in der Entrepreneurship- und KMU-Forschung waren. Andererseits, nehmen die Klein- und Mittelunternehmen in den drei gröĂten deutschsprachigen LĂ€ndern (Ăsterreich, Deutschland und der Schweiz) den Grossteil des Wirtschaftslebens ein und stehen deshalb auch im Mittelpunkt der Wirtschaftspolitik.Dieser Beitrag legt eine Bestandsaufnahme der deutschsprachigen Entrepreneurship- und KMU-Forschung der letzten zehn Jahre (1997-2006) vor. Dieser Beitrag ist daher hauptsĂ€chlich deskriptiv angelegt, und basiert auf einer Analyse von BeitrĂ€gen aus drei deutschsprachigen Fachzeitschriften (Schmalenbachs Zeitschrift fĂŒr betriebswirtschaftliche Forschung â ZfbF ; Zeitschrift fĂŒr Betriebswirtschaft â ZfB ; und Zeitschrift fĂŒr Klein- und Mittelunternehmen â ZfKE). Dieser Beitrag ist dreiteilig aufgebaut : in einem ersten Teil geben wir einen Ăberblick ĂŒber den Ursprung der Entrepreneurship- und KMU-Forschung im deutschsprachigem Raum. AnschlieĂend prĂ€sentieren wir die verwendete Methode, mit welcher wir die BeitrĂ€ge analysiert haben. Im dritten Teil zeigen wir die Resultate unserer Analyse auf
Bright and dark sides of the dark triad: Managersâ personality traits and organizational commitment
Personalities are multifaceted, they have dark and bride sides. However, over the last decades, the bride sides have been more investigated in management research. Recently, there has been an increase of interest to explore also the dark sides of personality (Miller, 2014). One of the constructs gaining attention is the Dark Triad (DT). The DT is a subclinical personality construct that combines three primarily negative personality constructs: narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism. It has even been underlined, that in senior management positions DT personalities are overrepresented. The objective of this research is to explore the link between DT personality traits of managers and their Organizational Commitment
First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope results. II. EHT and multiwavelength observations, data processing, and calibration
We present Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) 1.3 mm measurements of the radio source located at the position of the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), collected during the 2017 April 5â11 campaign. The observations were carried out with eight facilities at six locations across the globe. Novel calibration methods are employed to account for Sgr A*'s flux variability. The majority of the 1.3 mm emission arises from horizon scales, where intrinsic structural source variability is detected on timescales of minutes to hours. The effects of interstellar scattering on the image and its variability are found to be subdominant to intrinsic source structure. The calibrated visibility amplitudes, particularly the locations of the visibility minima, are broadly consistent with a blurred ring with a diameter of âŒ50 ÎŒas, as determined in later works in this series. Contemporaneous multiwavelength monitoring of Sgr A* was performed at 22, 43, and 86 GHz and at near-infrared and X-ray wavelengths. Several X-ray flares from Sgr A* are detected by Chandra, one at low significance jointly with Swift on 2017 April 7 and the other at higher significance jointly with NuSTAR on 2017 April 11. The brighter April 11 flare is not observed simultaneously by the EHT but is followed by a significant increase in millimeter flux variability immediately after the X-ray outburst, indicating a likely connection in the emission physics near the event horizon. We compare Sgr A*'s broadband flux during the EHT campaign to its historical spectral energy distribution and find that both the quiescent emission and flare emission are consistent with its long-term behavior.http://iopscience.iop.org/2041-8205Physic
First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. II. EHT and Multiwavelength Observations, Data Processing, and Calibration
We present Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) 1.3 mm measurements of the radio source located at the position of the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), collected during the 2017 April 5â11 campaign. The observations were carried out with eight facilities at six locations across the globe. Novel calibration methods are employed to account for Sgr A*'s flux variability. The majority of the 1.3 mm emission arises from horizon scales, where intrinsic structural source variability is detected on timescales of minutes to hours. The effects of interstellar scattering on the image and its variability are found to be subdominant to intrinsic source structure. The calibrated visibility amplitudes, particularly the locations of the visibility minima, are broadly consistent with a blurred ring with a diameter of âŒ50 ÎŒas, as determined in later works in this series. Contemporaneous multiwavelength monitoring of Sgr A* was performed at 22, 43, and 86 GHz and at near-infrared and X-ray wavelengths. Several X-ray flares from Sgr A* are detected by Chandra, one at low significance jointly with Swift on 2017 April 7 and the other at higher significance jointly with NuSTAR on 2017 April 11. The brighter April 11 flare is not observed simultaneously by the EHT but is followed by a significant increase in millimeter flux variability immediately after the X-ray outburst, indicating a likely connection in the emission physics near the event horizon. We compare Sgr A*âs broadband flux during the EHT campaign to its historical spectral energy distribution and find that both the quiescent emission and flare emission are consistent with its long-term behavior
Le rĂŽle de la centralitĂ© des acteurs dans le changement organisationnel : le cas dâune TPE de mĂ©decins en croissance
Lâobjectif de cet article est dâĂ©tudier le rĂŽle de la centralitĂ© dans la reconfiguration de lâĂ©quipe entrepreneuriale en termes de leadership. Utilisant la thĂ©orie des rĂ©seaux sociaux, nous soulignons lâimportance des relations interpersonnelles dans la TPE dâune part, et le rĂŽle de la centralitĂ© des acteurs dans le choix du leader de lâorganisation, dâautre part. Prenant le cas dâune structure en participation (SEP) en croissance et composĂ©e de 11 mĂ©decins français, nous explorons, Ă partir dâentretiens semi-directifs et dâanalyse de la centralitĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e sous UCINET, les enjeux du changement de management et lâimportance de la centralitĂ© dans le choix du directeur. Cette centralitĂ© de degrĂ© est multidimensionnelle. En effet, elle prend en compte lâinfluence de lâacteur auprĂšs des autres, sa capacitĂ© Ă donner des conseils et sa proximitĂ© Ă©motionnelle avec ses collaborateurs. Deux des trois dimensions corroborent notre proposition sous-jacente selon laquelle lâacteur le plus central devient le directeur naturel de la TPE
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