Original Article Expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1, fibroblast growth factor 2, phosphatidyl inositol 3 phosphate kinase and their clinical and prognostic significance in early and advanced stage of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung

Abstract: Aim: Non-small cell lung carcinoma is the leading cause of cancer related to death in the world. Squamous cell lung carcinoma (SqCLC) is the second most frequent histological subtype of lung carcinomas. Recently, growth factors, growth factor receptors, and signal transduction system-related gene amplifications and mutations are extensively under investigation to estimate the prognosis and to develop individualized therapies in SqCLC. In this study, besides the signal transduction molecule phosphatidyl inositol-3-phosphate kinase (IP3K) p110α, we explored the expressions of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and receptor-1 (FGFR1) in tumor tissue and also their clinical and prognostic significance in patients with early/advanced SqCLC. Materials and methods: From 2005 to 2013, 129 patients (23 early, 106 advanced disease) with a histopathological SqCLC diagnosis were selected from the hospital files of Cukurova University Medical Faculty for this study. Two independent pathologists evaluated FGFR1, FGF2, and PI3K (p110α) expressions in both tumor and stromal tissues from 99 of the patients with sufficient tissue samples, using immunohistochemistry. Considering survival analysis separately for patients with both early and advanced stage diseases, the relationship between the clinical features of the patients and expressions were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: FGFR1 expression was found to be low in 59 (60%) patients and high in 40 (40%) patients. For FGF2; 12 (12%) patients had high, 87 (88%) patients had low expression and for IP3K; 31 (32%) patients had high and 66 (68%) patients had low expressions. In univariate analysis, overall survival (OS) was significantly associated with stage of the disease and the performance status of the patient (P<0.0001 and P<0.001). There was no significant difference in OS of the patients with either low or high expressions of FGFR1, FGF2, and IP3K. When the patients with early or advanced stage disease were separately taken into consideration, the relationship did not differ, either. Any of FGFR1, FGF2 or IP3K expressions was not found predictive for the treatment of early or advanced staged patients. On the other hand, the expressions of both FGFR1 and FGF2 were significantly different with respect to smoking, scar of tuberculosis and scar of radiotherapy (P=0.002; P=0.06 and P=0.05, respectively). Discussion: There has not been identified an effective individualized treatment for SqCLC yet. Therefore, in order to be able to develop such a treatment in the future, it is essential to identify the genetic abnormalities that are responsible for the biological behaviors and carcinogenesis of SqCLC. Although we could not show the prognostic and predictive significance of FGFR1, FGF2 and IP3K expressions in SqCLC, we determined the expression rates of FGFR1, FGF2 and IP3K as a reference for Turkish patients. In conclusion, we want to put some emphasis on the fact that, pulmonary fibrosis which is a late complication of radiotherapy at stage III disease, and the scar of tuberculosis could be associated with FGFR1 and FGF2 expressions

Reproducibility of endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia diagnosis is good, but influenced by the diagnostic style of pathologists

Endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN) applies specific diagnostic criteria to designate a monoclonal endometrial preinvasive glandular proliferation known from previous studies to confer a 45-fold increased risk for endometrial cancer. In this international study we estimate accuracy and precision of EIN diagnosis among 20 reviewing pathologists in different practice environments, and with differing levels of experience and training. Sixty-two endometrial biopsies diagnosed as benign, EIN, or adenocarcinoma by consensus of two expert subspecialty pathologists were used as a reference comparison to assess diagnostic accuracy of 20 reviewing pathologists. Interobserver reproducibility among the 20 reviewers provided a measure of diagnostic precision. Before evaluating cases, observers were self-trained by reviewing published textbook and/or online EIN diagnostic guidelines. Demographics of the reviewing pathologists, and their impressions regarding implementation of EIN terminology were recorded. Seventy-nine percent of the 20 reviewing pathologists' diagnoses were exactly concordant with the expert consensus (accuracy). The interobserver weighted kappa values of 3-class EIN scheme (benign, EIN, carcinoma) diagnoses between expert consensus and each of reviewing pathologists averaged 0.72 (reproducibility, or precision). Reviewing pathologists demonstrated one of three diagnostic styles, which varied in the repertoire of diagnoses commonly used, and their nonrandom response to potentially confounding diagnostic features such as endometrial polyp, altered differentiation, background hormonal effects, and technically poor preparations. EIN diagnostic strategies can be learned and implemented from standard teaching materials with a high degree of reproducibility, but is impacted by the personal diagnostic style of each pathologist in responding to potential diagnostic confounders

The role of immunohistochemistry in distinguishing malignant mesothelioma and adenocarcinoma

WOS: 000249454601271

Şiddetli hiperkalsemi ve kemik iliği metastazlı paratiroid karsinomu olgusu

Paratiroid karsinomu nadir bir endokrin malignite olup primer hiperparatiroidi nedenlerinin %1'inden azını oluşturur. Hastalarda genellikle hiperkalsemi ve boyunda kitle vardır. Cerrahi lokal tumor nüksünü engellemede en etkin tedavidir. Bu yazıda ciddi hiperkalsemi, sol tiroid lobunda kitle ve kemik iliği infiltrasyonu olan bir vakayı sunduk.Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare endocrine malignancy which accounts for less than 1 percent of primary hyperparathyroidism. Patients generally present with profound symptoms of hypercalcemia and a palpable neck mass. Surgery gives the best chance of reducing local tumor recurrence. Here we report a case presented with severe hypercalcemia and large neck mass on left thyroid lobe associated with bone marrow infiltration

The prognostic analysis of the some clinicopathological parameters and gene protein expressions in malignant mesothelioma

WOS: 000493372200002PubMed ID: 31709947Introduction: Mesothelioma is an aggressive tumour that originates in serous surfaces. The primary end point of this study was to invastigate the relationship of progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) with the c-Met, EGFR, PTEN, PDGFR-alpha, PI3K/AKT and mTOR expression levels in the tumour tissue of pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma cases. Materials and Methods: The study included 53 patients diagnosed with mesothelioma between 2005 and 2016. The cases were separated into 2 groups as pleural and peritoneal. The effects on OS and PFS were examined of the c-Met, EGFR, PTEN, PDGFR-alpha, PI3K/AKT and mTOR expression levels and also clinicopathological parameters and the treatments given. In the statistical analysis of the data obtained, IBM SPSS vn 20.0 software was used. Results: Of the 53 patients included in the study, 39 (73.6%) were diagnosed with pleural mesothelioma and 14 (26.4%) with peritoneal mesothelioma. According to the c-Met and mTOR expression, OS and PFS of the peritoneal cases with high expression (2+, 3+) was seen to be significantly better than that of the peritoneal cases with low expression (0, 1+) (p < 0.05). According to the PDGFR expression, OS and PFS of the pleural cases with low expression (0, 1+) was seen to be significantly better than that of the pleural cases with high expression (2+, 3+) (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The examination of c-MET, PDGFR-alpha and m-TOR expression in the in the tumor tissue of mesothelioma cases may be important in determining prognosis

Immunohistochemical study of COX-2 expression in prostate carcinoma; relation to apoptosis and angtogenesis

WOS: 000249454600909

The effect of parathion-methyl and antidotes on parotid and pancreatic glands: A pilot experimental study

The objective of this study is to investigate the functions of parotid and pancreatic glands in response to intoxication with parathion-methyl (PM) and the effects of treatment in rats. Seventy-five male Wistar rats were divided equally into five groups: Group I, control; group II, received atropine and pralidoxime (2-PAM) for 24 h, but no PM; group III, oral PM but no atropine and 2-PAM; group IV, PM and atropine for 24 h and 2-PAM; group V, PM and atropine for 96 h and 2-PAM. After the administration of the chemicals, blood samples were drawn to test for amylase, lipase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), while pancreatic and parotid glands of each rat were removed for light microscopic examination. Amylase levels were found significantly elevated in groups II, III, IV, and V, whereas lipase levels were supranormal in groups III, IV, and V. The blood levels of AChE were decreased in groups III and IV and BChE were decreased in II, III, IV, and V. No evidence of pancreatitis and parotitis was identified in the histopathologic evaluation in any group in 96 h; however, hyperchromasia, irregularity in nuclei, and binuclear cells were observed in all parotid glands in group V. Parotitis and pancreatitis were not evident; however, hyperamylasemia and hyperlipasemia were found, whereas various histologic changes in parotid glands were documented in the groups that were administered organophosphate and treatment

Expression of survivin and topoisomerase II alpha in ovarian carcinoma: Correlation with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis

WOS: 000249454600886

Are Uterine Grade 3 Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma and Carcinosarcoma Really Clinically Similar?

WOS: 000469053500001PurposeThe aim of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes of the cases with uterine high-grade endometrioid adenocarcinoma (HGEAC) and uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS).MethodsA total of 141 patients were included in this study. Of them, 61 cases had uterine HGEAC (group 1) and 80 had UCS (group 2). Both groups were compared in terms of clinical and pathological characteristics including age, stage, initial symptom, surgical approach, myometrial invasion, lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), lymph node invasion, adjuvant therapy, and survival. The Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare the outcomes and prognostic factors.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences between the groups with regard to age, nulliparity, menopausal status, and the main initial symptom. Both groups were similar in terms of stage, depth of myometrial invasion, and lymph node metastasis. Lymphadenectomy was performed in 74% and 91% of the cases in group 1 and group 2, respectively (p<0.001). LVSI was found to be more frequent in group 1 (p=0.032); however, in group 2, positive cytology was more common (p=0.008). Chemotherapy was the main adjuvant therapy for UCS, while radiotherapy was the main adjuvant therapy for HGEAC. There was no difference between the groups in terms of disease-free survival (DFS); however, overall survival (OS) was found to be longer in group 1 (p=0.029). Histopathologic type and LVSI were determined as independent predictive factors for OS.ConclusionUCSs are clinically more aggressive than HGEAC and should be considered as a separate group of tumors