Heirs to the Frontier: James Fenimore Cooper’s Influence on Tolstoy

In the early nineteenth century, American author James Fenimore Cooper wrote a series of frontier novels called The Leatherstocking Tales (1823-1841), the most famous of which was The Last of the Mohicans (1826). Forty years after Cooper published his earliest work, a young Leo Tolstoy marched south into the Caucasus after enlisting in the Russian Imperial Army. Tolstoy, best known as the author of War and Peace (1865) and Anna Karenina (1873), began his literary career by writing about his experiences in the Caucasus, the frontier of the Russian Empire. With the knowledge that Tolstoy read Cooper’s work, I used a Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) to compare how each author portrayed his respective frontier within his literature. Focusing on their environmental concerns regarding deforestation and their idolization of the rugged frontiersmen archetype, I argue that James Fenimore Cooper influenced Leo Tolstoy’s depiction of the frontier in Tolstoy’s 1863 novel, The Cossacks

ECONOMIC AND SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION OF PREDATOR CONTROL ALTERNATIVES

A simulation model containing both economic (monetary) and socio-environmental (value index) components is developed in a case study of predator control alternatives. Particular emphasis is given to the description and justification of the socio-economic model. The economic model is estimated in terms of producers’ and consumers’ surpluses. The empirical tradeoff function developed suggests that alternatives to recent predator control programs exist that could be “better” for both general public and producer interests. The general approach can serve as a prototype for policy evaluations involving multiple objectives.Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Supplemental Intraoperative Intravenous Fluid Administration among Patients Undergoing Surgical Procedures and General Anesthesia for the Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: A Retrospective Chart Review

Background and Review of Literature: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is one of the most common patient complications following general anesthesia. Recent literature supports the practice of supplemental intravenous fluid administration to patients receiving general anesthesia with no risk of fluid volume overload. Purpose: The purpose of this DNP project was to assess the overall occurrence of PONV and to determine if patients who experienced PONV after receiving general anesthesia, were administered supplemental intravenous fluids during the intraoperative period. Methods: The project consisted of a retrospective chart review. A total of 342 electronic health records (EHRs) were reviewed and 57 patients were included in the DNP project. Implementation Plan: A project site was identified; a retrospective chart review was conducted, examining one month of patient EHRs who underwent general anesthesia. Data was collected and analyzed via Microsoft Excel, which included the amount of intravenous fluids received during the intraoperative period, weight, gender, surgical procedure, and ASA physical status. Implications/Conclusions: At the completion of the retrospective chart review, it was discovered that 57 (17%) out of 342 patients who underwent general anesthesia were treated for PONV. Of the 57 patients, 50 (88%) did not receive intraoperative supplemental intravenous fluids. Only 7 (12%) patients received greater than 15mL/kg of intravenous fluid during the intraoperative period