36 research outputs found
Influence of Pressure on the Temperature Dependence of Quantum Oscillation Phenomena in Semiconductors
The influence of pressure on the oscillations of Shubnikov-de Haas (ShdH) and de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) in semiconductors is studied. Working formula for the calculation of the influence of hydrostatic pressure on the Landau levels of electrons is obtained. The temperature dependence of quantum oscillations for different pressures is determined. The calculation results are compared with experimental data. It is shown that the effect of pressure on the band gap is manifested to oscillations and ShdH and dHvA effects in semiconductors
Determination of the Density of Energy States in a Quantizing Magnetic Field for Model Kane
For nonparabolic dispersion law determined by the density of the energy states in a quantizing magnetic field, the dependence of the density of energy states on temperature in quantizing magnetic fields is studied with the nonquadratic dispersion law. Experimental results obtained for PbTe were analyzed using the suggested model. The continuous spectrum of the energy density of states at low temperature is transformed into discrete Landau levels
Influence of Pressure on the Temperature Dependence of Quantum Oscillation Phenomena in Semiconductors
The influence of pressure on the oscillations of Shubnikov-de Haas (ShdH) and de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) in semiconductors is studied. Working formula for the calculation of the influence of hydrostatic pressure on the Landau levels of electrons is obtained. The temperature dependence of quantum oscillations for different pressures is determined. The calculation results are compared with experimental data. It is shown that the effect of pressure on the band gap is manifested to oscillations and ShdH and dHvA effects in semiconductors
Activation analysis in the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Uzbek SSR Academy of Sciences
Shubnikovβde Haas Oscillations in Semiconductors at the Microwave-Radiation Absorption
Mathematical models for the Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations in semiconductors are obtained at the microwave-radiation absorption and its temperature dependence. Three-dimensional image of microwave magnetoabsorption oscillations in narrow-gap semiconductors is established. Using a mathematical model, the oscillations of the microwave magnetoabsorption are considered for different values of the electromagnetic field. The results of calculations are compared with experimental data. The proposed model explains the experimental results in HgSe at different temperatures
Shubnikovβde Haas Oscillations in Semiconductors at the Microwave-Radiation Absorption
FORMIROVANIE POSTIMMOBILIZATsIONNOGO OSTEOPOROZA V EKSPERIMENTE
ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΅Π΅ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ (ΠΠΠΠ’) ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ·Π° (ΠΠΠΠ). ΠΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠΠ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ·Π΅ (ΠΠ). Π ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ·Π° (ΠΠΠΠ) Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ. Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ·Π° (ΠΠΠΠ). ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π½Π° 90 ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΊΡΡΡ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Β«VistarΒ» Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ 90-110 Π³, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ 200-220Π‘ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ Β«Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ-Π½ΠΎΡΡΒ», Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅. Π Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Π² ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌ (ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°) ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΠΠ, ΡΠ΅Π·Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π³ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·Π° (40 ΠΊΡΡΡ), ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π΄ΡΠΎ. Π‘ΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ: Π½Π° 30, 60, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240 ΠΈ 270 ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° - 40 ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
, ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°, ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π±Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡ
ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π£ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ 210 ΡΡΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΠΠ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ Π² 1,6-5,4 ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ (p<0,05). Π£ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ 58,9% ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° (p<0,05), Π² ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ - ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ 40,2% (p<0,05), ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ 68% ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΡ (p<0,05). Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΠΠ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠ° ΠΎΠ½ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³ Π½Π° 180 ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° - Π² 5,4 ΡΠ°Π·Π° Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΌ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π°ΠΌΠΏΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ: ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» 45%, ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ° - 80%, ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ - 82% Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
. ΠΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Β«ΡΡΡΠ°Π΄Π°Π΅ΡΒ», ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Β«Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΉΒ» Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡ, Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ 20%. Π‘Π»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ·Π΅ Π² ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ, Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ°, Π° Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ
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