ROLE OF MAGNESIUM SULPHATE IN NEWBORNS WITH BIRTH ASPHYXIA.

Background; Birth asphyxia is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in neonates in developing countries, with an incidence of 100-250/1000 live births compared to 5-10/1000 live births in the developed world. It remains a significant cause of loss of life and adverse developmental outcome. Objective; To compare magnesium sulphate therapy versus placebo in control of fits among newborns admitted with birth asphyxia along with fits at a tertiary care hospital. Material and Methods; All the study (n=260) participants of either sex who met inclusion of this study were who are admitted with birth asphyxia. Group A was study group and was treated with magnesium sulfate in a dose of 250 mg/kg initially within six hours of birth followed by 250 mg/kg at 24 and 48 h of birth while group B (control group) was not given MgSO4 therapy and were observed for control of fits and was given standard treatment. Results; Of these 260 study cases, 139 (53.5 %) were male patients while 121 (46.5 %) were female patients. Mean age of our study cases was 3.84 ± 1.47 hours. Of these 260 study cases, 177 (68.1%) belonged to rural areas and 83 (31.9 %) belonged to urban areas. Of these 260 study cases, home delivery was noted in 91 (35.0%), 149 (57.3%) in private clinics / hospital and 20 (7.7%) in teaching hospital. Mean gestational age of our study cases was 38.23 ± 2.38 and preterm births were noted in 91 (35.0%) of our study cases. Of these 260 study cases, control of fits were noted in 173 (66.5%) while control of fits in group A were noted in 105 (80.8%) and in group B it was 68 (52.3%) (p = 0.000). Conclusion; Our study results support the use of Magnesium Sulphate in control of fits in children with birth asphyxia. Magnesium sulphate was safe, reliable and having no side effect so it can be used safely in these patients to reduce morbidity and mortality. All clinicians treating such patients can employ this treatment modality having safety and efficacy. Keywords; Birth asphyxia, Control of fits, Magnesium Sulphate. DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/54-20 Publication date: April 30th 201

Facile synthesis of N- (4-bromophenyl)-1- (3-bromothiophen-2-yl)methanimine derivatives via Suzuki cross-coupling reaction: their characterization and DFT studies

A variety of imine derivatives have been synthesized via Suzuki cross coupling of N-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(3-bromothiophen-2-yl)methanimine with various arylboronic acids in moderate to good yields (58–72%). A wide range of electron donating and withdrawing functional groups were well tolerated in reaction conditions. To explore the structural properties, Density functional theory (DFT) investigations on all synthesized molecules (3a–3i) were performed. Conceptual DFT reactivity descriptors and molecular electrostatic potential analyses were performed by using B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) method to explore the reactivity and reacting sites of all derivatives (3a–3i)

Efficient Synthesis of Novel Pyridine-Based Derivatives via Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reaction of Commercially Available 5-Bromo-2-methylpyridin-3-amine: Quantum Mechanical Investigations and Biological Activities

The present study describes palladium-catalyzed one pot Suzuki cross-coupling reaction to synthesize a series of novel pyridine derivatives 2a–2i, 4a–4i. In brief, Suzuki cross-coupling reaction of 5-bromo-2-methylpyridin-3-amine (1) directly or via N-[5-bromo-2-methylpyridine-3-yl]acetamide (3) with several arylboronic acids produced these novel pyridine derivatives in moderate to good yield. Density functional theory (DFT) studies were carried out for the pyridine derivatives 2a–2i and 4a–4i by using B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) basis with the help of GAUSSIAN 09 suite programme. The frontier molecular orbitals analysis, reactivity indices, molecular electrostatic potential and dipole measurements with the help of DFT methods, described the possible reaction pathways and potential candidates as chiral dopants for liquid crystals. The anti-thrombolytic, biofilm inhibition and haemolytic activities of pyridine derivatives were also investigated. In particular, the compound 4b exhibited the highest percentage lysis value (41.32%) against clot formation in human blood among all newly synthesized compounds. In addition, the compound 4f was found to be the most potent against Escherichia coli with an inhibition value of 91.95%. The rest of the pyridine derivatives displayed moderate biological activities

Diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology in comparison to open biopsy for lesions of oral cavity in Covid-19 era

Objective: To compare the diagnostic accuracy and uses of fine needle aspiration cytology with histopathology in the diagnosis of lesions of oral cavity. Method: The single-centre, prospective, non-randomised controlled trial was conducted at the departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pathology of Allama Iqbal Medical College/Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, from January 10 to August 10, 2021, and comprised patients of either gender aged >10 years having superficial or deep well-established mass, palpable, nodular, ulcerative lesions, swellings of the oral cavity or of major or minor salivary glands having intraoral presence or manifestation with size >1cm. Data was analysed using SPSS 20. Results: Of the 43 patients, 22(51.2%) were males and 21(48.8%) were females. The overall mean age was 40.5+/-15 years (rang: 13-70 years). On cytological examination, 6(14%) samples were excluded for being insufficient aspirate. Of the remaining 37(86%) samples, 20(51.4%) were detected with malignancy on histopathology. The accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology was 33(89.19%). Conclusion: Fine needle aspiration was found to be a reliable and cost-effective technique in the diagnosis of oral cavity lesions. Key Words: Carcinoma, Squamous cell, Fine-needle, COVID-19, Minimally invasive surgical procedures, Mouth neoplasms

N-Arylation of Protected and Unprotected 5-Bromo-2-aminobenzimidazole as Organic Material: Non-Linear Optical (NLO) Properties and Structural Feature Determination through Computational Approach

The interest in the NLO response of organic compounds is growing rapidly, due to the ease of synthesis, availability, and low loss. Here, in this study, Cu(II)-catalyzed selective N-arylation of 2-aminobenzimidazoles derivatives were achieved in the presence of different bases Et3N/TMEDA, solvents DCM/MeOH/H2O, and various aryl boronic acids under open atmospheric conditions. Two different copper-catalyzed pathways were selected for N-arylation in the presence of active nucleophilic sites, providing a unique tool for the preparation of NLO materials, C-NH (aryl) derivatives of 2-aminobenzimidazoles with protection and without protection of NH2 group. In addition to NMR analysis, all synthesized derivatives (1a–1f and 2a–2f) of 5-bromo-2-aminobenzimidazole (1) were computed for their non-linear optical (NLO) properties and reactivity descriptor parameters. Frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis was performed to get information about the electronic properties and reactivity of synthesized compounds

N-Arylation of protected and unprotected 5-Bromo-2-aminobenzimidazole as organic material: Non-Linear Optical (NLO) properties and structural feature determination through computational approach

The interest in the NLO response of organic compounds is growing rapidly, due to the ease of synthesis, availability, and low loss. Here, in this study, Cu(II)-catalyzed selective N-arylation of 2-aminobenzimidazoles derivatives were achieved in the presence of different bases Et3N/TMEDA, solvents DCM/MeOH/H2O, and various aryl boronic acids under open atmospheric conditions. Two different copper-catalyzed pathways were selected for N-arylation in the presence of active nucleophilic sites, providing a unique tool for the preparation of NLO materials, C-NH (aryl) derivatives of 2-aminobenzimidazoles with protection and without protection of NH2 group. In addition to NMR analysis, all synthesized derivatives (1a–1f and 2a–2f) of 5-bromo-2-aminobenzimidazole (1) were computed for their non-linear optical (NLO) properties and reactivity descriptor parameters. Frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis was performed to get information about the electronic properties and reactivity of synthesized compounds

Petrophysical relationship for density prediction using Vp & Vs in Meyal oilfield, Potwar sub-basin, Pakistan

Conventional petrophysical investigations are based on P-wave seismic velocity analysis to predict density information, while ignoring the important S-wave velocity. This study is based on S-wave velocity analysis of density estimation of Meyal Oil Field (Potwar Plateau, Pakistan), which reveals a very high correlation (R = 0.87) between predicted and actual density. Since the availability of S-wave velocity (Vs) data increases, it's highly appreciable to take into account the contribution of Vs in improvement of density estimates. This investigation only focuses on driving new constants (a = 1.92 and b = 0.186) for Gardner's relationship to estimate density of pure carbonates (Vsh< 10%) in the study area, where the traditional model gave poorer density predictions. The proposed empirical expression with locally extracted unknowns from well log data proved its ability in terms of density prediction (showing very close agreement with measured densities) and best fitting the datasets at low as well as high density values when compared with Gardner's equation. Based on our analysis, the exploratory study neither intends to replace the well established density estimation models nor to extend information over what information can possibly be extractable from Vp. However, our research does stimulate the growing use of Vs and importance of local unknown constants especially in carbonates reservoir interval to avoid misuse of most widely used Gardner relation in all geological settings. Keywords: Shale, Gardner, Potwar, Carbonates, S-Wave

Palladium (0) catalyzed synthesis of thiophene based 1,3,4-oxadiazoles their reactivities and potential nonlinear optical properties

Novel thiophene based 1,3,4-oxadiazoles were synthesized via Suzuki cross-coupling of 2-(5-bromothiphen-2-yl)-5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole with various substituted aryl-boronic acids in significant yields (58-78%). Density functional theory (DFT) investigations were accomplised on novel oxadiazoles (5a-5j) to explore their structural properties. Reactivity-descriptors and frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) studies were carried out by using PBE0-D3BJ/def2-TZVP level of theory to determine structural properties, reactivity and reacting sites of synthesized molecules (5a-5j)