Cd and Pb Levels in the Soft Tissue of Black Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) Collected from Marmara Sea, Pendik District Coastal Area, Istanbul, Turkey

The aim of this study was to determe cadmium and lead concentrations in the whole soft tissue of the black mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819) (n=60) caught from Pendik district coasts of Istanbul, Turkey. According to legal standards of Turkish Food Codex (TFC) and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) standards the level of Cd was low white that of Pb was high. The highest Pb concentration found in the whole soft tissue of mussels at S4 was 8.66 (February), 6.64 (January), 4.72 ppm Pb (July 2011) whereas in S5 it is 8.66 (November), 8.14 (February), 6.64 (October), 4.57 ppm (June 2012)

TRACE METAL LEVELS IN ABDOMINAL MUSCLE TISSUE OF FRESHWATER CRAYFISH (Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823) FROM IZNIK LAKE, BURSA, TURKEY

The freshwater crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823) is a valuable and protected invertebrate species and the only native and dominant species in the big lakes of Turkey, such as Iznik Lake (Bursa, Turkey). In this study, bioaccumulation of some heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb) in abdominal muscle tissue of Astacus leptodactylus samples collected between November 2008 and December 2009 was examined. Heavy metal contents in muscle tissues were measured by AAS analysis. According to the obtained data, the levels of Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb for the studied samples were within normal ranges, and lower than all the recommended legal limits. The descending order of heavy metal concentrations found in crayfish is Zn>Cu>Cd>Pb. Heavy metal concentrations in freshwater crayfish samples were compared with the maximum permitted levels of heavy metals in seafood regulated by the EU, FAO and Turkish Food Codex limits. The results showed that there was no serious hazard in the samples in terms of the Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb values analyzed from Iznik Lake, Bursa, Turkey

TRACE METAL LEVELS IN ABDOMINAL MUSCLE TISSUE OF FRESHWATER CRAYFISH (Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823) FROM IZNIK LAKE, BURSA, TURKEY

The freshwater crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823) is a valuable and protected invertebrate species and the only native and dominant species in the big lakes of Turkey, such as Iznik Lake (Bursa, Turkey). In this study, bioaccumulation of some heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb) in abdominal muscle tissue of Astacus leptodactylus samples collected between November 2008 and December 2009 was examined. Heavy metal contents in muscle tissues were measured by AAS analysis. According to the obtained data, the levels of Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb for the studied samples were within normal ranges, and lower than all the recommended legal limits. The descending order of heavy metal concentrations found in crayfish is Zn>Cu>Cd>Pb. Heavy metal concentrations in freshwater crayfish samples were compared with the maximum permitted levels of heavy metals in seafood regulated by the EU, FAO and Turkish Food Codex limits. The results showed that there was no serious hazard in the samples in terms of the Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb values analyzed from Iznik Lake, Bursa, Turkey

EFFECTS OF POLY(2-ETHYL-2-OXAZOLINE) EXPOSURE ON OVARY HISTOLOGY OF ZEBRAFISH (Danio rerio)

Poly(2-oxazoline)s have been widely used in biomedical applications for the last years. They can mimick natural systems and they generally used as liposomes, drug and gene deliver and pseudopeptides. In this study histological effects of different doses (10 mg/L, 50mg/L) of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) on ovary tissue of zebrafish were investigated. After 5 days of administation, ovary tissues were dissected and histomorphological changes investigated under light microscope. Severe structural deformation in oocytes were monitored. Deterioration in germinal vesicle and openings at follicular epithelium, zona radiata and vitelline envelope were detected

EFFECTS OF POLY(2-ETHYL-2-OXAZOLINE) EXPOSURE ON OVARY HISTOLOGY OF ZEBRAFISH (Danio rerio)

Poly(2-oxazoline)s have been widely used in biomedical applications for the last years. They can mimick natural systems and they generally used as liposomes, drug and gene deliver and pseudopeptides. In this study histological effects of different doses (10 mg/L, 50mg/L) of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) on ovary tissue of zebrafish were investigated. After 5 days of administation, ovary tissues were dissected and histomorphological changes investigated under light microscope. Severe structural deformation in oocytes were monitored. Deterioration in germinal vesicle and openings at follicular epithelium, zona radiata and vitelline envelope were detected

THE SUBLETHAL DISRUPTING EFFECTS OF FLUOXETINE-HCI (FLX) ON CATALASE (CAT) ACTIVITY AND MALONDIALDEHYDE (MDA) LEVELS IN ZEBRAFISH, DANIO RERIO

The aim of this study is to investigate sub-lethal disrupting effects of fluoxetine-HCl (FLX) on catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of liver tissue and whole body in zebrafish (Danio rerio). FLX is the active compound of the antidepressant Prozac(TM) and acts as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) in humans. Zebrafish are well-characterized model organism especially for the antioxidant enzyme activities for humans. Our study was planned as a model to investigate the effects of daily intake doses of FLX, which adapted from human proportionally to weight, on liver tissue of zebrafish. CAT, MDA and total protein levels were detected using spectrophotometric methods. The six experiment study groups were composed as; 150 ng fluoxetine-HCl exposed to each aquarium tank and five zebrafish were studied at 15 min., 30 min., 60 min., 4 days and 8 days of exposure and the last group was composed as the control group. In our study, it is determined that the activity of CAT increases in two experimental group after exposure FLX (15 min. and 30 min.) in liver tissue. Following one hour FLX treatment, it was observed that CAT activity decreased, whereas after four days treatment it was re-increased. Once for all, following 8 days treatment of FLX, it was observed that CAT activity significantly decreased. Likewise we found that the MDA levels decreases in all experimental groups after exposure FLX in liver tissue definitely. In whole body groups, MDA levels was firstly decreased after exposure FLX but MDA levels was increased subsequently compared to the control group in this study. In conclusion, building on the framework surrounding drug metabolism in fish, it is apparent that the capacity of fish liver to metabolize FLX in vitro is variable

Biogenic platinum-based bimetallic nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial activity and hydrogen evolution

© 2022 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLCIn this study, platinum-based silver nanoparticles (Pt@Ag NPs) were synthesized by the green synthesis method, and their catalytic effects on hydrogen production were investigated. The characterization measurements of the synthesized NPs were performed by TEM, UV–Vis, XRD, and FTIR. According to TEM characterization results, Pt@Ag NPs had an average size of 5.431 nm. In experiments based on catalytic reactions for hydrogen production, test measurements were made at different parameters. It was observed that as the concentrations of the substrate and catalysts increased, the catalytic reaction accelerated, and the hydrogen release increased. Likewise, it was determined that hydrogen production increased with increasing temperature in different temperature experiments. The turnover frequency, entropy, activation energy, and enthalpy values are calculated as 702.38 h−1, -160.5 J/mol.K, 32.48 kJ/mol, and 29.94 kJ/mol, respectively. According to the reusability test results, it was observed that the average reusability was found to be 85% after 5 cycles and it was confirmed that the NPs showed high-catalytic activity. In addition, the biological activities of Pt@Ag NPs, including antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer were tested. Pt@Ag NPs synthesized using Hibiscus sabdariffa (Hs) extract are thought to have the potential to be used in both biomedical and catalytic applications. The use of Pt@Ag NPs in the hydrogen production process shows great promise for green energy studies because it is environmentally friendly, non-toxic, and low cost