Unemployment and Substance Use in Young Adults: Does Educational Attainment Modify the Association?

International audienceWe studied whether patterns of substance use in relation to unemployment vary depending on educational level. Data come from 1,126 community-based young adults in France (18-35 years of age in 2011) and their parents (TEMPO and GAZEL studies). Tobacco use (≥1 cigarette/day, 22.5% prevalence), nicotine dependence (Fagerström test ≥2, 7.1% prevalence), alcohol use (≥2 units/week, 25.3% prevalence), alcohol abuse (WHO AUDIT ≥7 in women and ≥8 in men, 10.8% prevalence), cannabis use (≥1 time, 16.5% prevalence), and cannabis abuse (CAST ≥2, 5.0% prevalence) were assessed by interview. We conducted logistic regression analyses controlled for inverse probability weights of unemployment, calculated based on demographics, negative life events, health, and juvenile and parental characteristics. Compared to participants who were always employed, those who were unemployed and had no higher education were more likely to smoke tobacco (OR: 2.76, 95% CI: 1.86-4.10), to be nicotine dependent (OR: 5.70, 95% CI: 3.03-10.73), to use cannabis (OR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.42-3.64), and to abuse cannabis (OR: 3.38, 95% CI: 1.63-7.04). Those who were unemployed and had higher education were especially likely to abuse alcohol (OR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.16-3.09). Increases in unemployment may impact population levels of substance use, particularly in young adults with low educational attainment

Les besoins en formation des chargés d’accueil handicap dans l’enseignement supérieur

Réalisé dans le cadre du projet de formation à destination des chargés d'accueil handicap dans l'enseignement supérieur, ce rapport de recherche présente les résultats et analyses des difficultés rencontrées par les chargés d'accueil de sept universités permettant d'identifier des besoins et modalités de formation, lesquelles seront prises en compte dans le cadre de l'élaboration d'un kit de formation en aval de cette première étape du projet. La première partie de ce rapport présente la méthodologie de recherche. La seconde s'attache à analyser l'organisation des universités enquêtées, des moyens alloués, des stratégies mises en place et des difficultés rencontrées dans le cadre de l'accueil, de l'accompagnement et de l'aide à l'insertion professionnelle des étudiants handicapés. Cette analyse permet dans une dernière partie de faire émerger des besoins en termes de formation

Negative Events in Childhood Predict Trajectories of Internalizing Symptoms Up to Young Adulthood: An 18-Year Longitudinal Study

International audienceBackground: Common negative events can precipitate the onset of internalizing symptoms. We studied whether their occurrence in childhood is associated with mental health trajectories over the course of development. Methods: Using data from the TEMPO study, a French community-based cohort study of youths, we studied the association between negative events in 1991 (when participants were aged 4–16 years) and internalizing symptoms, assessed by the ASEBA family of instruments in 1991, 1999, and 2009 (n51503). Participants' trajectories of internalizing symptoms were estimated with semi-parametric regression methods (PROC TRAJ). Data were analyzed using multinomial regression models controlled for participants' sex, age, parental family status, socioeconomic position, and parental history of depression. Negative childhood events were associated with an increased likelihood of concurrent internalizing symptoms which sometimes persisted into adulthood (multivariate ORs associated with > = 3 negative events respectively: high and decreasing internalizing symptoms: 5.54, 95% CI: 3.20–9.58; persistently high internalizing symptoms: 8.94, 95% CI: 2.82–28.31). Specific negative events most strongly associated with youths' persistent internalizing symptoms included: school difficulties (multivariate OR: 5.31, 95% CI: 2.24–12.59), parental stress (multivariate OR: 4.69, 95% CI: 2.02–10.87), serious illness/health problems (multivariate OR: 4.13, 95% CI: 1.76–9.70), and social isolation (multivariate OR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.00–5.08).Conclusions : Common negative events can contribute to the onset of children's lasting psychological difficulties

Negative childhood events and potential covariates associated with internalizing symptoms trajectories (French TEMPO study, 1991–2009, n = 1503, age and sex-adjusted ORs, 95% CI).

‖<p>compared with a trajectory of individuals who reported persistently low internalizing symptoms (n = 1119).</p>†<p>Multinomial regression models were adjusted on sex and age at baseline.</p><p>Negative childhood events and potential covariates associated with internalizing symptoms trajectories (French TEMPO study, 1991–2009, n = 1503, age and sex-adjusted ORs, 95% CI).</p

Number of childhood negative events and internalizing symptoms trajectories 1991–2009 (French TEMPO study, n = 1503, %).

<p>Number of childhood negative events and internalizing symptoms trajectories 1991–2009 (French TEMPO study, n = 1503, %).</p

Negative childhood events and internalizing symptoms trajectories (French TEMPO study, 1991–2009, n = 1503, multivariate ORs, adjusted for sex, age at baseline and parental depression, 95% CI).

<p>Compared with a trajectory of individuals who reported persistently low internalizing symptoms (n = 1119).</p><p>Negative childhood events and internalizing symptoms trajectories (French TEMPO study, 1991–2009, n = 1503, multivariate ORs, adjusted for sex, age at baseline and parental depression, 95% CI).</p

Specific negative events in childhood and internalizing symptoms trajectories (French TEMPO study, 1991–2009, n = 1503, multivariate ORs adjusted for sex, age at baseline, and parental history of depression, 95% CI).

‖<p>compared with a trajectory of individuals who reported persistently low internalizing symptoms (n = 1119).</p>¶<p>Associations between negative events and internalizing symptoms trajectories were tested in multinomial regression models adjusted for all specific negative childhood events and all covariates.</p><p>Specific negative events in childhood and internalizing symptoms trajectories (French TEMPO study, 1991–2009, n = 1503, multivariate ORs adjusted for sex, age at baseline, and parental history of depression, 95% CI).</p