Regional Importance of the Agribusiness in the Brazilian Economy

Following Furtuoso and Guilhoto (2003) the GDP of the Brazilian Agribusiness is estimated to be around 27% of the Brazilian GDP in 2000, and the latest numbers show that it could be reaching 30% of the Brazilian GDP in 2003. Despite its importance for the Brazilian economy as a whole, the size of the Brazilian territory and the regional differences draws attention for the fact that the importance of the agribusiness is not uniform over the Brazilian regions, and if the agribusiness is also divided into its four components, i.e., a) inputs to agriculture; b) agriculture; c) agriculture based industry; and d) final distribution, the differences are even bigger. In this paper it is made a study of the importance of the agribusiness for the 27 states of the Brazilian economy, taking into consideration its four components. The analysis is conduct for the year of 1999 using an interregional input-output system constructed for the Brazilian economy by Guilhoto et al. (2004).

An Overview of the Productive Structure of the Amazon Region: Using the Eyes of an Interregional Input-Output System

There is a scarcity of economic studies about the economy of the Amazon region, and specially about its productive structure. The goal of the present study is to shed some light on the way that the productive relations take place among the states of the Amazon region and between them and the rest of Brazil. This study takes as the main source of data an interregional input-output system consisted of 10 regions (nine Amazon states and the Rest of Brazil region) constructed for the year of 1999 by Guilhoto et al. (2002) for the Amazon Bank (BASA). The analysis is conducted by first studying, through the interregional input-output system, how the economic relations take place in the Amazon region. Then, through a series of methodologies, like multipliers, and backward and forward linkages, and using the concept of Electroeconogram it is made a comparative study of the differences in productive structures among the Amazon Region states.

Um modelo computável de equilíbrio geral para planejamento e análise de políticas agrícolas (PAPA) na economia brasileira

This work describes a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model for Planning and Analysis of Agricultural Policies (PAPA) in the Brazilian economy. The PAPA model is a Computable model of the Johansen type and the solutions of the model are given in growth rates. This model is based on the ORANI model constructed for the Australian economy and in that sense it is a general purpose model that can be used to study the impact of agricultural policies not only on the agricultural sector, but also in the other economic sectors, in such way, it is also possible to study the impact of non-agricultural policies on the agricultural sector. The model is defined for: a) 33 types of industrieslcommodities; b) 3 types of primary factors (labor, fixed capital, and agricultural land); c) 3 categories of labor (workers who receive: between 0 and 5 minimum wages; between 5 and 20 minimum wages; and more than 20 minimum wages); d) 2 sources of products (domestic, and imported); e) 5 types of product use (inputs to current production, inputs to capital formation, commodity flows to household consumption, exports, government and other demands); and, f) 3 income groups (between 0 and 5 minimum wages; between 5 and 20 minimum wages; and more than 20 minimum wages). The model also presents a detailed specification for trade margins and taxes. The basic input-output data used in the model refers to the 1980 input-output matrices for the Brazilian economy. To illustrate the versatility and power of analysis of the PAPA model, this work presents the result of five simulations with the model: a) overall increase of 25% in the tariffs; b) increase of 10% in the aggregate expenditure of households in each income group; c) increase of 10% in the international price of coffee; d) increase of 10% in the exports of selected agricultural 1 agroindustrial sectors; e e) elimination of subsidies in the wheat sector

Um modelo computável de equilíbrio geral para planejamento e análise de políticas agrícolas (PAPA) na economia brasileira

This work describes a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model for Planning and Analysis of Agricultural Policies (PAPA) in the Brazilian economy. The PAPA model is a Computable model of the Johansen type and the solutions of the model are given in growth rates. This model is based on the ORANI model constructed for the Australian economy and in that sense it is a general purpose model that can be used to study the impact of agricultural policies not only on the agricultural sector, but also in the other economic sectors, in such way, it is also possible to study the impact of non-agricultural policies on the agricultural sector. The model is defined for: a) 33 types of industrieslcommodities; b) 3 types of primary factors (labor, fixed capital, and agricultural land); c) 3 categories of labor (workers who receive: between 0 and 5 minimum wages; between 5 and 20 minimum wages; and more than 20 minimum wages); d) 2 sources of products (domestic, and imported); e) 5 types of product use (inputs to current production, inputs to capital formation, commodity flows to household consumption, exports, government and other demands); and, f) 3 income groups (between 0 and 5 minimum wages; between 5 and 20 minimum wages; and more than 20 minimum wages). The model also presents a detailed specification for trade margins and taxes. The basic input-output data used in the model refers to the 1980 input-output matrices for the Brazilian economy. To illustrate the versatility and power of analysis of the PAPA model, this work presents the result of five simulations with the model: a) overall increase of 25% in the tariffs; b) increase of 10% in the aggregate expenditure of households in each income group; c) increase of 10% in the international price of coffee; d) increase of 10% in the exports of selected agricultural 1 agroindustrial sectors; e e) elimination of subsidies in the wheat sector

Aggregate demand for narrow and broad money: a study for the brazilian economy (1970-1983)

To study the aggregate demand for narrow and broad money for the Brazilian economy in its most recent period, 1970 to 1983, a basic model was developed. From this model, which is a restricted one, an unrestricted del was derived. Using information from both models, the unrestrited model was used to derive a common factor model as well as a first differences model. The best results are attained with the common factor model

Decomposition & synergy: a study ofthe interactions and dependence among the 5 Brazilian macro regions

The methodology originally developed by Sonis, Hewings, and Miyazawa (1997) is now expanded and discussed more thoroughly when applied to an interregional table at the level of the 5 macro regions of the Brazilian economy for the year of 1995. The methodology used in this work is based on a partitioned inputoutput system and exploits techniques ofthe Leontiefinverse through the nature ofthe internal and external interdependencies giving by the linkages, which allows to classify the types ofsynergetic interactions within a preset pair-wise hierarchy of economic linkages sub-systems. The results show that: a) the North region has practically no relation with the Northeast region and vice-versa; b) while the South region has some impact on the production ofthe North region, the inverse is not true; c) despite the fact thatthe demands from the Central West region have some impact on the production of the other regions, the production in the Central West region has its relations concentrated with the Southeast and South regions; and d) the South and Southeast regions show to be the most important regions in the system

Structural changes in employment in the economy: 1996 and 2002 compared

With the implementation, in 1994, of the Real plan in the Brazilian economy, and the consequent price stabilization, the analysis of structural aspects of the economy has gained importance. Among these aspects, considering the needs for labor absorption in the economy, one of the main concerns relates to the question of employment. This paper deals with it by making an analysis of the changes in the employ distribution relating to modifications of productive structure in the Brazilian economy, between 1996 and 2002. The analytical method used input-output matrices and its correspondent theory. The efforts concentrated on input-output matrix construction for the year 2002 and comparative analysis, applying several techniques and parameters. A series of indicators were estimated, this allowed to make an analysis about the structural aspects of the Brazilian economy and to relate it with the employment changes occurred in the period being considered.Productive Structure, Employment, Input-Output

Productive relations in the northeast and the rest of Brazil regions in 1995: decomposition & synergy in input-output systems

Using a set of interregional input-output tables built by Guilhoto (1998) for 1995 for two Brazilian regions (Northeast and rest of the economy), the methodology developed by Sonis et al. (1997) is applied in the construction of a series of linkages such that it is possible to examine, through the nature of the internal and external interdependencies, the structure of trading relationships between the two regions. The methodology uses a partitioned input-output system and exploits techniques that produce left and right matrix multipliers of the Leontief Inverse. This procedure facilitates the classification of the types of synergetic interactions within a preset pair-wise hierarchy of economic linkages subsystems. In general, the results show that the Northeast region has a greater dependence on the rest of the economy region than the rest of the economy has on the Northeast region, and at the same time the rest of the economy region seems to be more developed as it presents a more complex productive structure than the Northeast region

Productive relations in the northeast and the rest of Brazil regions in 1995: decomposition & synergy in input-output systems

Using a set of interregional input-output tables built by Guilhoto (1998) for 1995 for two Brazilian regions (Northeast and rest of the economy), the methodology developed by Sonis et al. (1997) is applied in the construction of a series of linkages such that it is possible to examine, through the nature of the internal and external interdependencies, the structure of trading relationships between the two regions. The methodology uses a partitioned input-output system and exploits techniques that produce left and right matrix multipliers of the Leontief Inverse. This procedure facilitates the classification of the types of synergetic interactions within a preset pair-wise hierarchy of economic linkages subsystems. In general, the results show that the Northeast region has a greater dependence on the rest of the economy region than the rest of the economy has on the Northeast region, and at the same time the rest of the economy region seems to be more developed as it presents a more complex productive structure than the Northeast region