12 research outputs found
La participation des exploitants agricoles aux dĂ©marches de protection des captages â contraintes et opportunitĂ©s
La mise en place de dĂ©marches de protection des captages visant Ă limiter les pollutions diffuses dâorigine agricole repose sur la participation volontaire des exploitants localisĂ©s dans les aires dâalimentation. Identifier les dĂ©terminants de la dĂ©cision de participation des agriculteurs est donc crucial pour amĂ©liorer lâefficacitĂ© des dĂ©marches. Deux cas de dĂ©marches de protection servent de base Ă lâanalyse rĂ©alisĂ©e : la dĂ©marche de protection des captages prioritaires de lâAllier et la dĂ©marche de protection des captages prioritaires dâHĂ©ricourt-en-Caux. Des entretiens semi-directifs auprĂšs des acteurs impliquĂ©s dans la gouvernance des dĂ©marches de protection ont permis de recueillir leur perception des facteurs jouant sur la participation des agriculteurs. Une collecte de donnĂ©es a donnĂ© lieu Ă la constitution dâun Ă©chantillon de 120 exploitants agricoles, participants et non-participants aux dĂ©marches de protection des captages prioritaires de lâAllier et des captages prioritaires dâHĂ©ricourt-en-Caux. Lâanalyse statistique des donnĂ©es collectĂ©es a donnĂ© lieu Ă une caractĂ©risation de la perception des agriculteurs des dĂ©marches de protection et des liens entre perception et participation. Une large majoritĂ© dâexploitants perçoit lâaugmentation du temps de travail administratif comme une contrainte induite par la participation. La majoritĂ© des exploitants considĂšrent Ă©galement les difficultĂ©s Ă respecter les cahiers des charges pour la valorisation des produits et la baisse des revenus agricoles comme des contraintes associĂ©es Ă la participation aux dĂ©marches. Des diffĂ©rences significatives ont pu ĂȘtre mises en Ă©vidence entre participants et non-participants, en ce qui concerne notamment la perception des bĂ©nĂ©fices sociaux (dĂ©veloppement dâĂ©changes avec dâautres agriculteurs) et Ă©conomiques (accĂšs au conseil agronomique) ainsi que des contraintes Ă©conomiques (baisse des rendements agricoles). Lâanalyse menĂ©e a Ă©galement permis de caractĂ©riser les liens entre un ensemble de facteurs identifiĂ©s sur la base de la revue de littĂ©rature et la participation aux dĂ©marches de protection. En ligne avec la littĂ©rature sur la participation des agriculteurs, les exploitations participant aux dĂ©marches de protection sont de plus grande taille et disposent de plus dâĂ©quipement et de travail. Les exploitants participants ont en outre une expĂ©rience prĂ©alable des dispositifs agro-environnementaux et une attitude plus favorable Ă la protection de lâenvironnement et aux changements de pratiques agricoles. Leurs rĂ©seaux agricoles et non-agricoles ressortent comme significativement plus denses et diversifiĂ©s que ceux des non-participants. Ces rĂ©sultats permettent dâidentifier des pistes dâaction permettant de lever les contraintes pesant sur la participation des agriculteurs, condition de lâefficacitĂ© des dĂ©marches de protection des aires dâalimentation de captages
The drivers of farmers' participation in collaborative water management: a french perspective
International audienceCollaborative management has developed as a main approach to solving complex environmental problems such as diffuse water pollution from agriculture. This paper aims to understand the drivers of farmersâ participation in collaborative water quality management. The role of farm characteristics, farmersâ profiles and farmersâ social networks is more particularly investigated while taking into account transaction costs. The study relies on a statistical analysis of data collected in two drinking water catchments in France. The results show that larger, more profitable farms with more equipment and access to off-farm income are more likely to participate in collaborative processes for water quality management. Furthermore, farmersâ involvement in agricultural and nonagricultural networks has a strong positive influence on their participation. These results suggest that significant costs, including transaction costs, are associated with farmersâ participation in collaborative management. Targeted support for smaller, financially constrained farms and less-connected farmers could enhance the effectiveness of the collaborative approach to diffuse pollution control
Catch-C MS242. Menaces sur les sols en France
The Catch-C project assesses the farm compatibility of Best Management Practices (BMPs) that aim to promote productivity, climate change mitigation and soil quality. These are the three overall goals of sustainable soil management. This milestone inventories the current soil related issues in France, as a second step in the project
Catch-c. SĂ©lection de zones agroenvironnementales en France
This document sums up the methods and analysis used in the French case study to delineate and chose EU relevant farms types and agri-environmental zones that represent the variety of soil related issues in France. We started from a presentation of the main soil types in France and of their localization. We focus then on the main farm types, and spatialised them on these soil types. From this information, we have extracted prototypical combinations of farms-types and soil types that we have related to the agri-environmental zones delineated by WUR. Each prototypical combination has then been depicted in terms of rotations and current farming practices, from which we chose four prototypes in which to survey farmersâ opinion about soil related BMPs
Protéger les sols et lutter contre le changement climatique : comment mesurer les disparités de stratégies locales ?
Protection of soil quality and adoption of practices that could mitigate climate change strongly depends on both farm types and soils threats at local level, but there has been so far no general analysis in France of what combinations are used and where. This paper uses information aggregated from the FADN database and combines it with threats on soils to build a typology of LAU1 French territories regarding their soil protection strategies. We highlight four main paths : some territories rely on the sets of âgood practicesâ designed from action programs from the Nitrate Directive, and those only. Others have developed interesting combinations of conservation tillage, cover crops and agri-environmental schemes. Some have chosen to combine reduced use of fertilisers and pesticides and the last ones happen to show no obvious protection strategy
Protéger les sols et lutter contre le changement climatique : comment mesurer les disparités de stratégies locales ?
Protection of soil quality and adoption of practices that could mitigate climate change strongly depends on both farm types and soils threats at local level, but there has been so far no general analysis in France of what combinations are used and where. This paper uses information aggregated from the FADN database and combines it with threats on soils to build a typology of LAU1 French territories regarding their soil protection strategies. We highlight four main paths : some territories rely on the sets of âgood practicesâ designed from action programs from the Nitrate Directive, and those only. Others have developed interesting combinations of conservation tillage, cover crops and agri-environmental schemes. Some have chosen to combine reduced use of fertilisers and pesticides and the last ones happen to show no obvious protection strategy
Ătude de la frĂ©quentation de tourisme et loisirs du site ChaĂźne des Puys-Faille de Limagne. TĂąches T1B et T4A du projet Valo-sites : Nature de la frĂ©quentation et effets Ă©conomiques.: Partie 1 : Cadre, mĂ©thodes, estimation Ă©conomique.
Le Conseil dĂ©partemental du Puy-de-DĂŽme (CD63) mĂšne en relation Ă©troite avec divers partenaires (PNR des Volcans d'Auvergne, services de l'Etat, Fondation privĂ©e, ...) une politique de gestion et valorisation des sites emboitĂ©s du puy de DĂŽme et de la ChaĂźne des Puys - Faillede Limagne (CPLF). Cette politique implique des investissements matĂ©riels et immatĂ©riels, des dĂ©penses de fonctionnement Ă travers des plans de gestion, et s'accompagne de labellisations ou autres distinctions. Se sont ainsi succĂ©dĂ©es : la labellisation en 2008 du site du puy de DĂŽme en tant que « Grand site de France» (politique assortie d'un plan d'amĂ©nagement et de gestion, et incluant, avant le renouvellement du label en 2014, des travaux lourds tels que l'amĂ©nagement du sommet du puy de DĂŽme et la rĂ©alisation du train Ă crĂ©maillĂšre), et l'inscription en 2018 du site de la CPFL sur la liste UNESCO du Patrimoine mondial (assortie elle aussi d'un plan de gestion). Le travail de fond sur l'ensemble du site, repris dans les divers plans de gestion, comprend de multiples actions sur des thĂ©matiques telles que la protection des milieux, la gestion des paysages ou la gestion des accĂšs et des circulations. Un travail de communication est menĂ© en direction des rĂ©sidents du dĂ©partement et en direction de tous ceux qui seront sensibles Ă l'attractivitĂ© des sites (nouveaux actifs, touristes, etc.). L'ensemble de ces actions sera appelĂ© la « politique de rĂ©fĂ©rence ». Les acteurs Ă lâorigine de cette politique de rĂ©fĂ©rence souhaitent Ă©valuer au mieux les retombĂ©es Ă©conomiques de cette politique publique sur le territoire, et disposer de mĂ©thodes permettant d'actualiser ultĂ©rieurement cette connaissance. Des chercheurs et enseignants-chercheurs de l'UMR Territoires se sont proposĂ© de mener une recherche qui contribue Ă rĂ©pondre Ă ces types dâattentes. Recherche-action, le projet, intitulĂ© projet Valo-sites, est menĂ© en relation avec les acteurs de la politique menĂ©e et avec des acteurs des principaux secteurs concernĂ©s. Parmi les effets attendus de la politique, certains sont sectoriels (tourisme, agriculture, etc.), d'autres plus globaux (image, attractivitĂ©, dynamique de dĂ©veloppement) ayant Ă©galement des retombĂ©es sectorielles. Certains sont plus facilement quantifiables que d'autres. Enfin ils portent sur diverses Ă©chelles, de celle du site Ă celle de l'Auvergne, voire au-delĂ .Les objectifs initiaux du projet Valo-Sites se rĂ©partissent ainsi : (1) Observer, dĂ©crire, qualifier et mesurer des Ă©volutions socio-Ă©conomiques, possibles effets des politiques d'amĂ©nagement de gestion et de valorisation dâun site naturelprotĂ©gĂ© (le site CPFL); (2) Tester, choisir, appliquer et dĂ©crire les mĂ©thodologies employables; (3) Analyser puis dĂ©crire les moyens et l'organisation Ă mettre en Ćuvre pour assurer ce travail et pour le reproduire ou l'actualiser ultĂ©rieurement dans un laps de temps donnĂ© pour le cas de la CPFL (faire ou faire faire.). (4) Ces travaux doivent Ă©galement permettre de mettre en avant les conditions de transposition des diffĂ©rentes mĂ©thodes mobilisĂ©s Ă dâautres sites comparablesLâobjectif spĂ©cifique des taches (T1B et T4A) du projet prĂ©sentĂ©es dans le prĂ©sent rapport, est de mesurer des indicateurs de lâimpact Ă©conomique de la frĂ©quentation du site Ă des fins de tourisme et de loisirs, afin de pouvoir ultĂ©rieurement (au-delĂ du projet Valo-sites) en suivre lâĂ©volution dans la durĂ©e, puis de tenter de comprendre dans cette Ă©volution la part des politiques de gestion et de valorisation. Lâobjectif nâest pas de mobiliser des mĂ©thodes pour interprĂ©ter lâĂ©volution future des indicateurs observĂ©s. Cependant nous faisons lâhypothĂšse que la recherche de la meilleure connaissance possible de la frĂ©quentation permet une meilleure comprĂ©hension des mĂ©canismes dâimpact, et donc des raisons de leur Ă©volution. La tĂąche T1-B a pour objectif la connaissance de la frĂ©quentation, et la tĂąche T4-1 a pour objectif la mesure dâun impact Ă©conomique Ă partir de donnĂ©es collectĂ©es par T1-B. Concernant T1-B, la collecte dâinformations sur la frĂ©quentation (nĂ©cessaires Ă la mesure de lâimpact Ă©conomique) permet Ă©galement dâĂ©clairer une politique dâoffre et dâamĂ©nagement. Ce sera un objectif secondaire de la tĂąche
Politiques interrégionales d'accueil dans le Massif Central. Analyse d'impact
In France, 9 interregional ERDF-funded programs covering the mountain massifs and river basins were rolled out for 2007-2013. These programs, which have been implemented in areas with widely ranging geographic sizes and numbers of partner regions, have been granted a total of approximately 200 million in European credits. The Massif Central interregional program is one of these 9 programs. Among the initiatives supported by the Massif Interregional policies, the accommodation policy played a special role. Funded projects include both those that are essentially interregional and implemented on an interdepartemental or interregional scale, and more localized operations that offer interregional added value (either as part of a concerted strategy or by serving as an experiment that can be transferred to the rest of the territory involved in cooperation). Our goal is to determine the specific effect of the Massif central accommodation policies on the evolution of the migrations towards the territories that benefited from the policies. We included in the analysis several refinements : the actions have been implemented in heterogeneous areas in terms of migrations, the period of implementation differ from one are to another, and the policies may have spillover effects on the territories adjacent to those that directly benefit from them. To measure the impact of policies on migration towards and from the Massif Central, we first analyzed these movements, performed a measure at the departmental level, before measuring the impact at local level. The relevance, and efficiency (discussed particularly in terms of spillover effects) of the policies were finally deepened qualitatively. On the territories where an accommodation policy is implemented for several years, an effect in terms of migration has been highlighted: this is particularly the case for actions in place in the department of Haute Vienne and the actions of the Limousin Regional Council at the level of municipalities. The relative youth of many other actions makes it difficult to estimate accurately their impact in terms of migration. However, the methods and metrics developed in this study enable estimate this impact, once data are gathered on a sufficiently large time period. The types and instruments of interregional governance implemented by the policy had a decisive impact with regard to building cooperation, one that is strongest in those territories where cooperation is most recent. From the partnersâ perspective, they provided a framework that not only brings all of the partners together and facilitates communication and coordination, and thus the building of shared policies and projects, but also helps to create interregional momentum and to raise awareness of shared interests and develop the spirit of cooperation.Parmi les initiatives soutenues par la politique interrĂ©gionale de Massif, la politique dâaccueil joue un rĂŽle particulier. OrganisĂ©es « au fil de lâeau » ou sur appel dâoffre, les actions soutenues par la politique dâaccueil ont toutes un caractĂšre interrĂ©gional. Leurs bĂ©nĂ©ficiaires finaux sont trĂšs variĂ©s (de lâentrepreneur individuel Ă la collectivitĂ© territoriale) et les Ă©chelles dâaction des diffĂ©rents projets sâinterpĂ©nĂštrent. Notre objectif est de dĂ©terminer lâeffet propre des politiques dâaccueil du Massif Central sur lâĂ©volution des migrations Ă destination des territoires bĂ©nĂ©ficiaires, en tenant compte du fait que ces actions ont eu lieu sur un massif hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšne en termes de migrations, ont dĂ©butĂ© Ă des pĂ©riodes diffĂ©rentes, et peuvent avoir des effets de dĂ©bordements sur les territoires attenant ceux bĂ©nĂ©ficiant directement de la politique. Pour mesurer lâimpact des politiques dâaccueil sur les mouvements migratoires du Massif, nous avons tout dâabord analysĂ© ces mouvements, puis effectuĂ© une mesure Ă lâĂ©chelle dĂ©partementale, avant de mesurer leur impact au niveau communal. La pertinence et l'efficacitĂ© (abordĂ©e notamment en termes d'effets de dĂ©bordement) de la politique ont enfin Ă©tĂ© approfondies de façon qualitative. Sur les territoires oĂč une politique dâaccueil est pratiquĂ©e depuis plusieurs annĂ©es, un effet en termes de migrations a pu ĂȘtre mis en Ă©vidence : câest le cas notamment pour les actions Ă lâĂ©chelle du dĂ©partement de la Haute Vienne et pour les actions du Conseil RĂ©gional du Limousin Ă lâĂ©chelle des communes. Si la relative jeunesse de nombreuses actions rend difficile une estimation prĂ©cise de leur impact en termes de migrations, les mĂ©thodes utilisĂ©es et les mĂ©triques Ă©laborĂ©es lors de cette Ă©tude permettront cependant dâestimer cet impact lorsque lâon aura quelques annĂ©es de recul. L'Ă©valuation des effets des politiques d'accueil ne se limite pas Ă une estimation des effets propres en matiĂšre d'accueil de populations mais intĂšgre Ă©galement des effets plus larges en matiĂšre de structuration de lâorganisation des acteurs locaux et d'accroissement du capital social, qui constituent autant d'externalitĂ©s positives de ces politiques d'accueil
EnquĂȘte auprĂšs d'agriculteurs sur leurs pratiques relatives aux sols : leviers et barriĂšres tels que dĂ©crits par les adoptants et non-adoptants
During the past decennia, best management practices (BMPs) have been developed in order to maintain or restore soil health which is essential to the sustainability and resilience of the farm. Adoption rates of these practices vary among different countries and even among different regions within a country. Adoption rates depend on the specific context of a region or a country, consisting of biophysical, economic, social but also regulatory and institutional conditions. Hence, the objective of this study was to investigate farmersâ barriers towards adoption of BMPs across Europe. To identify drivers and barriers for adopting BMPs, we applied a behavioral approach, based on the theory of planned behavior. This approach has been proven successful and offers a repeatable methodology which is very valuable for performing attitudinal research in an wide European context. According to this theory, the greater the intention to behave, the more likely one is to actually perform the behavior. The intention of a farmer to implement a certain BMP is determined by individual beliefs on a set of outcomes (expected effects) associated with the practice, on a set of referents who think the farmer should perform the behavior, and on a set of control factors that might facilitate or obstruct the behavior. All these beliefs influence a farmersâ intention to adopt a certain BMP, and are acting as cognitive drivers or barriers which encourage or discourage the farmer to adopt a specific BMP. This report describes the main drivers and barriers on BMPs perceived by the farmers in 24 Farm Type Zones (FTZ) spread over 8 European countries (Poland, The Netherlands, Spain, Italy, Belgium, France, Austria, Germany). These FTZs are regions within a country and are characterized by land use, farm specialization and by slope, soil texture and climate. The criteria to select FTZs for the study were 1) representation of a large agricultural area, 2) large economic value of the FTZ and/or 3) occurrence of soil degradation problems. The BMPs studied in each FTZ were determined based on expert judgment for their potential contribution to improve soil sustainability in that specific FTZ. About 20 different BMPs were studied across all countries
Liste des pilotes et des obstacles qui régissent la gestion des sols par les agriculteurs, y compris les aspects de coûts
This report consists of two components: (i) an overview of drivers and barriers for the adoption of so-called âBest Management Practicesâ (BMPs) in soil management, as seen through the eyes of farmers (the extensive Chapter 2); and (ii) an inventory of cost associated with the implementation of certain BMPs at the farm (the brief Chapter 3). The overview of drivers and barriers presented in Chapter 2 is based on a survey held among 10,000 farmers in different farm types across all CATCH-C partner countries, 2520 of whom responded. The inventory of costs to implement BMPs is based on empirical information collected by the research team in the project partner countries, through various channels. The BMPs studied in the farmer survey include options for crop rotation, tillage, nutrient management, crop residue management, water management, and grassland management. The survey was carried out in 24 major âfarm type x agri-environmental zoneâ (FTZ) units across eight partner countries, three per country. An FTZ unit is defined by the combination of an agri-environmental zone (with climate, slope, and soil texture as keys) with a farm type (arable-cereal, arable-specialised, dairy, mixed, etc.). The criteria to select FTZs for the farm surveys were 1) representation of a large agricultural area, 2) large economic value of the FTZ and/or 3) occurrence of soil degradation problems. In most agri-environmental zones, one specific farm type was studied, or sometimes two. Our FTZ units were also called âmajor farm typesâ in other project documents. To identify drivers and barriers for adopting Best Management Practices (BMPs), we applied a behavioural approach, based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (Ajzen, 1988; Ajzen, 1991), to identify the main barriers and drivers of farmers towards adoption of sustainable management practices. The theory and details of the results obtained were extensively reported in Deliverable D4.422 of the CATCH-C project (Bijttebier et al., 2014)