The impact of ICT sophistication on geographically distant networks: the case of space physics as seen from France

This paper examines scientific collaboration between French public research teams and distant partners. We first analyse the role and the development of trust and then, the relation between the degree of sophistication of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and the constraint of geographical proximity. In that purpose, we present a typology of the different kinds of knowledge and a classification of technologies. A case study in the field of space physics allows us to confront our theoretical elements to real life. We study the evolution of ICT sophistication parallel to collaboration patterns. Finally, we give some recommendations for public funding of virtual networks.collaboratory, knowledge transfer, trust, ICT classification, space physics

L'indicateur de fréquence de traitements (IFT) : un indicateur pour une utilisation durable des pesticides

International audienceEn automne 2007, lors du Grenelle de l’Environnement, dans un contexte de prise de conscience forte des risques liés aux pesticides, le président de la République a annoncé un objectif ambitieux de réduction de « l’usage des pesticides d’ici 10 ans si possible ». Un groupe de travail s’est constitué depuis, sous la présidence de M. Paillotin, pour mettre en place ce plan baptisé Écophyto 2018.Concevoir des mesures qui permettent d’atteindre cet objectif suppose de connaître, dans des délais suffisamment brefs, les pratiques mises en œuvre par les agriculteurs. Or, fin 2005, l’expertise scientifique collective Pesticide réalisée par l’INRA (Institut national de la recherche agronomique) et le CEMAGREF (Centre national du machinisme agricole du génie rural des eaux et des forêts) faisait les constats suivants : – malgré des dispositifs de recueil de données relatifs à l’agriculture riches et variés (Durand, 2003), la connaissance réelle des pratiques des agriculteurs en matière de protection des cultures est assez limitée (Aubertot et al., 2005) ; – les indicateurs traditionnels mis en œuvre jusqu’à cette date (quantité de substance active vendue ou nombre de produits phytosanitaires appliqués sur une parcelle durant une campagne) manquent de pertinence pour assurer une lisibilité de l’évolution de l’utilisation des pesticides en agriculture

The BLLAST field experiment: Boundary-Layer late afternoon and sunset turbulence

Due to the major role of the sun in heating the earth's surface, the atmospheric planetary boundary layer over land is inherently marked by a diurnal cycle. The afternoon transition, the period of the day that connects the daytime dry convective boundary layer to the night-time stable boundary layer, still has a number of unanswered scientific questions. This phase of the diurnal cycle is challenging from both modelling and observational perspectives: it is transitory, most of the forcings are small or null and the turbulence regime changes from fully convective, close to homogeneous and isotropic, toward a more heterogeneous and intermittent state. These issues motivated the BLLAST (Boundary-Layer Late Afternoon and Sunset Turbulence) field campaign that was conducted from 14 June to 8 July 2011 in southern France, in an area of complex and heterogeneous terrain. A wide range of instrumented platforms including full-size aircraft, remotely piloted aircraft systems, remote-sensing instruments, radiosoundings, tethered balloons, surface flux stations and various meteorological towers were deployed over different surface types. The boundary layer, from the earth's surface to the free troposphere, was probed during the entire day, with a focus and intense observation periods that were conducted from midday until sunset. The BLLAST field campaign also provided an opportunity to test innovative measurement systems, such as new miniaturized sensors, and a new technique for frequent radiosoundings of the low troposphere. Twelve fair weather days displaying various meteorological conditions were extensively documented during the field experiment. The boundary-layer growth varied from one day to another depending on many contributions including stability, advection, subsidence, the state of the previous day's residual layer, as well as local, meso- or synoptic scale conditions. Ground-based measurements combined with tethered-balloon and airborne observations captured the turbulence decay from the surface throughout the whole boundary layer and documented the evolution of the turbulence characteristic length scales during the transition period. Closely integrated with the field experiment, numerical studies are now underway with a complete hierarchy of models to support the data interpretation and improve the model representations.publishedVersio

La xerostomie post-radique

TOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Centrale (315552105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Conditions initiales et performances des jeunes entreprises innovantes

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The impact of ICT sophistication on geographically distant networks: the case of space physics as seen from France

This paper examines scientific collaboration between French public research teams and distant partners. We first analyse the role and the development of trust and then, the relation between the degree of sophistication of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and the constraint of geographical proximity. In that purpose, we present a typology of the different kinds of knowledge and a classification of technologies. A case study in the field of space physics allows us to confront our theoretical elements to real life. We study the evolution of ICT sophistication parallel to collaboration patterns. Finally, we give some recommendations for public funding of virtual networks

Utiliser la norme descriptive pour augmenter la consommation de légumes des étudiants dans les restaurants universitaires

International audienc

Increasing vegetables purchase with a descriptive-norm message: A cluster randomized controlled intervention in two university canteens

International audienceExposure to social norms is a popular way to foster healthy food behavior. Testing the robustness of this effect, we report a field study assessing the impact of a vegetable-related descriptive norm message on vegetables purchase. The first contribution was to rely on a cluster randomized crossover design: Two canteens were randomly selected to display either a vegetable-related or a neutral-behavior norm message. After a first period of data collection, the displays were reversed for a second period: The number of vegetable portions on the main plate were recorded before, during and after the message display (N = 12.994). The second contribution was to test the impact of a message describing vegetables as the normative choice beyond the mere selection of vegetables, on the quantity of vegetables purchased in lunches containing some. Results indicated that the vegetable-related norm message led to a sustained probability of choosing vegetables, contrary to a decrease observed in the control condition. Moreover, students who ordered vegetables ordered a higher quantity when exposed to a vegetable-related message than before whereas quantity declined in the control condition. By treating both canteens as experimental and control and by analyzing both the presence and the amount of vegetables, these results extend and strengthen those previously observed, bringing support for the effectiveness of a descriptive norm message in eliciting healthier food behavior