Pseudoscalar pole light-by-light contributions to the muon (g−2)(g-2) in Resonance Chiral Theory

We have studied the $P\to\gamma^\star\gamma^\star$ transition form-factors ($P=\pi^0,\eta,\eta'$) within a chiral invariant framework that allows us to relate the three form-factors and evaluate the corresponding contributions to the muon anomalous magnetic moment $a_\mu$, through pseudoscalar pole contributions. We use a chiral invariant Lagrangian to describe the interactions between the pseudo-Goldstones from the spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking and the massive meson resonances. We will consider just the lightest vector and pseudoscalar resonance multiplets. Photon interactions and flavor breaking effects are accounted for in this covariant framework. This article studies the most general corrections of order $m_P^2$ within this setting. Requiring short-distance constraints fixes most of the parameters entering the form-factors, consistent with previous determinations. The remaining ones are obtained from a fit of these form-factors to experimental measurements in the space-like ($q^2\le0$) region of photon momenta. The combination of data, chiral symmetry relations between form-factors and high-energy constraints allows us to determine with improved precision the on-shell $P$-pole contribution to the Hadronic Light-by-Light scattering of the muon anomalous magnetic moment: we obtain $a_{\mu}^{P,HLbL}=(8.47\pm 0.16)\cdot10^{-10}$ for our best fit. This result was obtained excluding BaBar $\pi^0$ data, which our analysis finds in conflict with the remaining experimental inputs. This study also allows us to determine the parameters describing the $\eta-\eta'$ system in the two-mixing angle scheme and their correlations. Finally, a preliminary rough estimate of the impact of loop corrections ($1/N_C$) and higher vector multiplets (asym) enlarges the uncertainty up to $a_\mu^{P,HLbL} = (8.47\pm 0.16_{\rm sta}\pm0.09_{1/N_C}{}^{+0.5}_{-0.0}{}_{\rm asym})\cdot 10^{-10}$.Comment: 43 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in JHEP. New subsection involving error analysis and some minor change

Digestibility Coefficients and Energy in Alfalfa Hay from Chimborazo and Tungurahua

This study was part of a project (Grasas By Pass), funded by Ciencias Pecuarias ESPOCH. Samples from Chimborazo and Tungurahua were analyzed. The statistical analysis included descriptive analysis and significance tests, including Tukey test. The following results of ranges were found in the first phase: humidity: 7.79% (± 0.06) – 9.99% (± 0.08); ashes: 9.16% (± 0.14) – 10.50% (± 0.01); protein: 18.73% (± 0.10) – 21.37% (± 0.52); crude fiber: 31.64% (± 0.26) – 41.69% (± 0.11); ethereal extract: 1.36% (± 0.22) – 2.13% (± 0.50); and ELN: 28.30% (± 0.09) – 34.46% (± 0.24). The results from the second phase were: F.D.N.: 41.39% (± 1.32) – 51.77% (± 0.01); F.D.A.: 37.36% (± 0.26) – 45.47% (± 1.04); and L.D.A.: 7.85% (± 0.48) – 9.30% (± 0.39). In vivo digestibility tests were developed in metabolic cages with six sheep per treatment for 11 days. The following results were found: Dry matter digestibility coefficient (C.D.M.S.): 60.78% – 66.42%; organic matter (C.D.M.O.): 61.97% – 68.24%; protein (C.D.P.B.): 74.35% – 80.23%; crude fiber (C.D.F.C): 43.73% – 59.39%; ethereal extract (C.D.E.E.): 26.56% – 51.76%; and E.L.N. (C.D.ELN): 67.26% – 81.96%. Finally, the Van Es equations were applied to estimate the values of E.M., E.Nl., E.Ng. and N.D.T. The digestibility and energy coefficients for the hay from Chimborazo - San Juan were higher, and there were lower values for Tungurahua – Cunchibamba. Keywords: chemical composition, digestibility coefficient, useful energy. RESUMEN Como parte del proyecto financiado Grasas By Pass, de la Facultad de Ciencias Pecuarias ESPOCH; se analizaron muestras procedentes de Chimborazo y Tungurahua; el análisis estadístico incluyó análisis descriptivo y pruebas de significancia según Tukey P < 0.0001, en la primera etapa se realizó el análisis proximal que reportó rangos de: humedad 7,79% (±0,06)  –9,99% (±0,08), cenizas 9,16% (±0,14) – 10,50% (±0,01), proteína 18,73% (±0,10) – 21,37% (±0,52), fibra cruda 31,64% (±0,26) – 41,69% (±0,11), extracto etéreo 1,36% (±0,22) – 2,13% (±0,50) y E.L.N. 28,30% (±0,09) – 34,46% (±0,24). La segunda fase analizó: F.D.N.  con valores de 41,39% (±1,32)  –  51,77%(±0,01),  F.D.A.  37,36% (±0,26)  –  45,47% (±1,04)  y  L.D.A.  7,85% (±0,48)  – 9,30% (±0,39).  Se desarrolló las pruebas de digestibilidad In vivo en jaulas metabólicas con 6 ovinos por tratamiento durante 11 días, encontrándose rangos para el coeficiente de digestibilidad de la materia seca (C.D.M.S.) desde 60,78% – 66,42%; materia orgánica (C.D.M.O.) de 61,97% a 68,24%, proteína (C.D.P.B.) de 74,35% a 80,23%, fibra cruda (C.D.F.C) desde 43,73% hasta 59,39%, extracto etéreo (C.D.E.E.) 26,56% a 51,76%, y E.L.N. (C.D.ELN) desde 67,26% hasta 81,96%.  Finalmente se aplicó las ecuaciones de Van Es para estimar los valores de E.M., E.Nl., E.Ng. N.D.T. Siendo más elevados los coeficientes de digestibilidad y energía para los henos de Chimborazo - San Juan y valores más bajos para Tungurahua- Cunchibamba. Palabras claves: composición química, coeficiente de digestibilidad, energía útil

Evaluation of GSJ instrusive rocks JG1, JG2, JG1a, and JGb1 by an objective outlier rejection statistical procedure

An objective procedure involving fourteen statistical tests (a total of thirty-four variants) for detection and rejection of outliers in a univariate sample was applied to five geochemical Reference Material (RM) databases of intrusive rocks from the Geological Survey of Japan (GSJ). All available concentration data for JG1, JG1a, and JG3 granodiorites, JG2 granite, and JGb1 gabbro were first grouped in eight general analytical methods. These groups were tested for systematic differences using analysis of variance (ANOVA). After this process, the databases were evaluated by means of statistical tests for detection of possible outliers at a strict confidence level of 99%, minimizing the danger of rejecting a valid observation as an outlier. New concentration mean values and other statistical parameters were computed from final normal distributions. Although 23% of mean concentration values were practically identical to those reported in earlier literature, 67% differ by about 1% to 20%. The present statistical scheme provides a better perspective to evaluate existing geochemical databases than probably erroneous two-standard deviation method involving prior subjective judgments used by the U.S. and Japanese scientists. The present mean values with generally lower %RSD may contribute to a better estimation of precision, accuracy, and sensitivity of routine analysis for intrusive rock samples

Latin American Biodeterioration Society Meeting Abstracts -Degradation of cellulose in compost produced from forestry industry waste-

The main constituents of forestry industry waste are cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose and extractives, the latter being responsible for the fungicidal and insecticide action that protects the wood naturally. Cellulose decomposition was evaluated in three forest species marketed in Venezuelan Guayana, subjected to a composting process. Several mixtures of sawdust–manure were prepared varying the proportions of both, using the bark of Caribbean Pine (Pinus caribaea, coniferous), mora (Mora gonggrijpii) and the zapatero piedrero (Peltogyne phoryhrocarpia). A design of random complete blocks was used with five treatments and three repetitions and samples were taken during the process at days 0, 15, 30, 60, 90. pH, organic carbon, nitrogen, and initial and final cellulose were measured. Only with the pine bark was a small degradation percentage obtained in treatments with a high percentage of manure and low percentage of sawdust, which could be explained by the presence of polyphenols in the wood, inhibiting microbial attack and impeding their proliferation, thus preventing the development of the thermophilic phase, where the majority of the components of the wood are preferentially degraded