Efecto de diferentes niveles lipídicos y proteicos en la dieta sobre el desempeño productivo de juveniles del pez ángel o escalar (Pterophyllum scalare)

Antecedentes: Actualmente, en nuestro país los peces ornamentales son un segmento importante de la piscicultura nacional,siendo el pez ángel o escalar (Pterophyllum scalare), una de las especies cultivadas más popular y apetecida en el mundo de acuariofilia, gracias a su belleza, majestuosidad y forma estilizada. Sin embargo, son pocos los autores que han estudiado sus exigencias nutricionales en términos de niveles lipídicos y proteicos. Objetivo: La presente investigación evaluó seis dietas, conformadas por la combinación de dos niveles de extracto etéreo (EE) 9 y 11 % y de tres niveles de proteína bruta (PB) 32, 34 y 36 %, para determinar su efecto sobre el desempeño productivo y la sobrevivencia de juveniles de pez escalar (P. scalare). Metodología: Fueron usados 324 juveniles de P. scalare con peso promedio de 753,5 ± 0,14 mg, los cuales fueron distribuidos en 18 acuarios con volumen de 105L, a una densidad de 18 peces/acuario y alimentados al 6% de la biomasa. Resultados: los hallazgos mostraron que un nivel 32% de proteína bruta en la dieta no afecta la sobrevivencia, pero si el desempeño productivo (p<0,05), y que niveles de 34 ó 36% de PB lo mejoran. También se evidencio que no hubo diferencia estadística (P>0,05) entre los dos niveles (9 y 11%) de extracto etéreo utilizados en las dietas. Conclusión: Se concluye que dietas para juveniles de esta especie, que contengan 32% de PB pueden afectar el desempeño productivo en términos de baja ganancia de peso, alta conver- sión alimenticia y bajas tasas específicas de crecimiento y de eficiencia proteica.PALABRAS CLAVE: Acuariofilia, pez ornamental, requeri- miento nutricional, tasa especifica de crecimiento, tasa de eficiencia proteica.Background: Currently, ornamental fish are an important element of the pisciculture in our country, with Angelfish(Pterophyllum scalare), being one of the most popular and desired cultured species in the fishkeeping field, given its beauty, majesty and stylized form. However, few authors have studied their nutritional requirements in terms of lipid and protein levels. Objective: This research evaluated six diets, formed by the combination of two levels of crude fat (CF) 9 and 11% and three levels of crude protein (CP) 32, 34 and 36%, to determine its effect on productive performance and the survival of juvenile angelfish (P. scalare). Methodology: 324 juveniles of P. scalare with average weight of 753.5 ± 0.14 mg were randomized in 18 aquariums with volume of 105L, a density of 18 fish/aquarium and fed to 6% of the biomass. Results: We found that a 32% level of crude protein in the diet did not affect the survival, but affected the productive performance (p <0.05), and that levels of 34 or 36% of CP improve it. It was also evidenced that there was no statistical difference (P> 0.05) between the two levels (9 and 11%) of the crude fat used in the diets. Conclusion: It is concluded that diets for juveniles of this species, containing 32% PB can affect the productive performance in terms of low weight gain, high feed conversion and low specific growth rates and protein efficiency.KEYWORDS:Fishkeeping, ornamen- tal fish, nutritional requirement, specific growth rate, protein efficiency rat

Resultados Semilleros de Investigación 2009-2010

La publicación recoge los doce informes finales de investigación presentados por los estudiantes de ocho Semilleros 1 y cuatro Semilleros 2, correspondientes a la convocatoria 2009–2010 y se constituye en el Número 25 de la Serie de Investigaciones en Construcción, si bien este es el primer Número publicado en formato digital que UNIJUS se permite poner a disposición no sólo de la comunidad universitaria, sino también de la sociedad colombiana e internacional, interesada en los temas estudiados por los jóvenes investigadores de la Facultad de Derecho, Ciencias Políticas y Sociales de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia

Treinamento alimentar de pintado Pseudoplatystoma coruscans (Agassiz, 1829): sobrevivência, crescimento e aspectos econômicos

O presente estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver técnicas de treinamento alimentar de larvas de pintado (Pseudoplatystoma coruscans), em sistema de criação intensivo, visando a substituição do alimento vivo (Artemia sp) pelo artificial, caracterizando o melhor momento para o início da transição alimentar e seu tempo ideal de substituição “weaning”. Foi também realizada uma análise econômica comparando os custos de produção nos diferentes esquemas de treinamento alimentar. Os resultados estão apresentados na forma de dois artigos científicos. Foram testados seis tratamentos correspondentes a dois momentos para o início da transição alimentar (T13 e T18, referentes a 13 e 18 dias pós-eclosão, respectivamente) e três tempos para a substituição gradual da Artemia (tempos de 5, 10 e 15 dias; S5, S10 e S15, respectivamente) em esquema fatorial 2x3 com 4 repetições. No primeiro artigo foi avaliada a influência dos tratamentos sobre o crescimento e a sobrevivência de juvenis de pintado. Ao final do experimento (53 dias pós-eclosão - DPE), observaram-se acréscimos nas taxas de sobrevivência nos tratamentos que mantiveram por mais tempo o fornecimento de náuplios de Artemia. No entanto, nos tratamentos com baixas taxas de sobrevivência, os animais apresentaram melhor crescimento, possivelmente explicado pelo consumo dos seus co-específicos (canibalismo). No segundo artigo estão descritas as avaliações dos custos de produção em sistema intensivo. Foi realizada uma simulação considerando a capacidade total do laboratório, adotando-se todos os diferentes treinamentos alimentares. A simulação mostrou que o maior custo unitário apresentou-se no T13S5 (R$1,57) e o menor no T18S15 (R$0,68), sendo este último explicado pelo maior número de peixes coletados ao final da criação, graças às maiores taxas de sobrevivência encontradas...This research was carried out to develop feed training techniques to spotted surubim larvae (Pseudoplatystoma coruscans) on an intensive system, evaluating the substitution of live feed (Artemia sp) by artificial one, characterizing the best moment to start weaning and its ideal overlap period. It was also made an economic analysis comparing production costs on the different feed training schemes. Results are presented in two articles. Six treatments that correspond to two moments for the start of weaning (T13 and T18, referent to 13 and 18 days post-hatch, respectively) and three periods for Artemia gradual substitution (overlap times of 5, 10 and 15 days) were tested in a 2x3 factorial array. In the first paper, the influence over growth and survival of spotted surubim juveniles form each treatment was evaluated. At the end of the experiment (53 days post-hatch - DPH), higher survival rates were observed on the treatments that maintained Artemia nauplii supply for a longer time. However, treatments with low survival rates had better growth performance, probably due to high cannibalism rates. In the second paper, production costs evaluations on intensive rearing system are described. A simulation considering the laboratory total capacity was made, adopting all feed training schemes. The simulation indicated the highest unit cost at T13S5 (R$1.57) and the lowest at T18S15 (R$ 0.68). This is explained by the higher number of fishes harvested at the end of the rearing, given the higher survival rates obtained. Therefore, the main factor that influences unit cost variation on P. coruscans juvenile was survival rate

Níveis de cálcio, fósforo, lipídeo e proteína na dieta inerte do camarão-da-malásia Macrobrachium rosenbergii, na fase larval

La formulation d’un régime alimentaire équilibré que puisse répondre aux besoins de calcium et de phosphore des larves de Macrobrachium rosenbergii est très important pour assurer des meilleures productivités à la fin de la larveculture. L’effet de différents niveaux de calcium et de phosphore sur le régime alimentaire a été evalué sur les principaux variables de production. Une délineation complétement au hasard en schème factoriel 3x3, a été utilisé, en correspondant à trois niveaux de calcium (0,35; 1,00 et 1,90%) et trois niveaux de phosphore (0,70; 1,50 et 2,30%). Chaque traitement a eu 3 répétitions. Deux jours après l’éclosion les larves ont été nourries avec des quantités croissantes de nauplii d’Artemia. A partir du onzième jour (zoea VII), la coalimentation a été introduite en fournissant les diètes-teste en plus des nauplii d’ Artemia jusqu’à la fin du cycle de larveculture. Au 27ème jour du cycle où 90% des larves, à peu près, se sont déjà méthamorphosées en pos-larves (PL), la récolte de fin d’élevage a été faite. Le taux de survie, la biomasse finale de PL, la pourcentage de larves et la productivité (PL L-1) ont été calculés pour chaque traitement. On a pu observer que les larves de M. rosenbergii qu’ont été nourries par une diète inerte de 0,35 ou 1,07% de calcium total et 1,50% de P total (1,15% de P disponible) ont eu leurs taux le survie beaucoup ameliorés aussi bien que le numero de pos-larves qu’ont été produites par litre à la fin da la larveculture. L’inclusion de 1% de P sur la forme de NaH2PO4 et le Ca venu de la diète basal (0,35%) sont suffisants pour améliorer la production de cette espèce.A formulação de uma dieta balanceada que atenda as exigências dos minerais cálcio e fósforo nas larvas de Macrobrachium rosenbergii, é importante para garantir maior produtividade na larvicultura. Assim, avaliou-se o efeito de diferentes níveis de cálcio e fósforo na dieta sobre as principais variáveis de produção. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 3x3, correspondente a três níveis de cálcio (0,35; 1,00 e 1,90%) e três de fósforo (0,70; 1,50 e 2,30%), com três repetições realizadas em blocos temporais. Dois dias após a eclosão, as larvas passaram a ser alimentadas com quantidades crescentes de náuplios de Artemia. A partir do 11º dia (zoea VII), iniciou-se a co-alimentação, fornecendo-se as dietas-teste juntamente com os náuplios de Artemia até o final do ciclo de larvicultura. No 27º dia de cultivo, quando aproximadamente 90% das larvas metamorfosearam-se em pós-larvas (PL), realizou-se a despesca. Foi calculada a taxa de sobrevivência, a biomassa final de PL, a porcentagem de larvas e a produtividade (PL L-1) em cada tratamento. Observou-se que as larvas de M. rosenbergii alimentadas com dieta inerte contendo 0,35 ou 1,07% de Ca total, e 1,50% de P total (1,15% de P disponível) melhoraram significativamente a sobrevivência e o número de pós-larvas produzidas por litro ao final da larvicultura. A inclusão de 1% de P na forma de NaH2PO4 e unicamente o Ca proveniente da dieta basal (0,35%) são adequados para melhorar o desempenho produtivo desta espécie.La formulación de una dieta balanceada que atienda las exigencias de los minerales calcio y fósforo en las larvas de Macrobrachium rosenbergii, es importante para garantizar mejor productividade en la larvicultura. Asi, se evaluó el efecto de diferentes niveles de calcio y fósforo en la dieta sobre las principales variables de producción. El diseño experimental fue en bloques completamente al azar, en esquema factorial 3x3, correspondiente a tres niveles de calcio (0,35; 1,00 e 1,90%) y tres de fósforo (0,70; 1,50 e 2,30%), con tres repeticiones realizadas en bloques temporales. Dos días después de la eclosión las larvas pasaron a ser alimentadas con cantidades crecientes de náuplios de Artemia. A partir del 11º día (zoea VII), se inició la alimentación conjunta, ofreciendo las dietas-teste acompañadas por los náuplios de Artemia hasta el final del ciclo de larvicultura. El 27º día del cultivo, cuando aproximadamente 90% de las larvas se metamorfosearon en postlarvas (PL), se realizó la cosecha. Fue calculada la tasa de sobrevivencia, biomasa final de PL, el porcentaje de larvas y la productividad (PL L-1) en cada tratamiento. Se observó que las larvas de M. rosenbergii alimentadas con dieta inerte conteniendo 0,35 ó 1,07% de Ca total, y 1,50% de P total (1,15% de P disponible) mejoraran significativamente la sobrevivencia y el número de postlarvas producidas por litro al final de la larvicultura. La inclusión de 1% de P en la forma de NaH2PO4 y únicamente el Ca proveniente de la dieta basal (0,35%) son adecuados para mejorar el desempeño productivo de esta especie.The formulation of a balanced diet, which provides the requirements of calcium and phosphorus minerals for Macrobrachium rosenbergii larvae is important to guarantee good productivity of post-larvae. Hence, the effect of different levels of calcium and phosphorus in the inert diet on the principal production variables was evaluated during the hatchery. It was used a randomized block experimental design, in a 3x3 factorial scheme, with three levels of calcium (0.35; 1.00 and 1.90 %) and three levels of phosphorus (0.70; 1.50 and 2.30 %), with three replicates. Two days after hatching, larvae started feeding on increasing quantities of Artemia nauplii. Co-feeding started at the 11th day (zoea VII), when test-diets plus Artemia nauplii were supplied up to the end of the rearing cycle. In the 27th day, when approximately 90% of the larvae turned into post larvae (PL), harvest was done. Survival rate, final biomass of PL, percentage of larvae and productivity (PL L-1) were calculated in all treatments M. rosenbergii larvae fed on inert diet containing 0.35 or 1.07 % of total Ca and 1.50 % of total P (1.15 % of P available) had significantly improved survival rate and productivity. Inclusion of 1.0 % of total P and only the dietary Ca from the basal diet (0.35%) are adequate to improve the productive performance on this specie.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Efecto de la torta de Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) sobre el desempeño productivo de juveniles de tilapia roja (Oreochromis sp.)

ResumenAntecedentes: El cultivo de Sacha Inchi (P. volubilis) viene siendo desarrollado en la selva amazónica peruana y en Colombia se cultiva principalmente en el departamento del Putumayo. Hoy en día existen propuestas de su implementación en la región del Catatumbo Norte Santandereano. Objetivo: En este estudio se evaluó el efecto de la inclusión de Torta de Sacha Inchi (TSI) (Plukenetia volubilis), como fuente de proteína en dietas para juveniles de tilapia roja (Oreochromis sp.). Metodología: Fueron preparadas cuatro dietas experimentales en las cuales se incluyó la TSI, como sustituto parcial de la harina de pescado en los siguientes porcentajes 0%, 5%, 10% y 20%. Fueron utilizados 144 juveniles de tilapia con peso inicial de 5,8 ± 0,9 g, los cuales fueron alimentados con ocho raciones diarias durante 55 días para evaluar: ganancia de peso (GP), conversión alimenticia (CA), tasa específica de crecimiento (TEC), tasa de eficiencia proteica (TEP), índice hepatosomático (IHS) y porcentaje de sobrevivencia (%S). Resultados: Los resultados no evidenciaron diferencias significativas (p>0,05) en ninguna de las dietas para CA y %S. Sin embargo, los parámetros: GP, TEC, TEP y IHS presentaron valores significativamente elevados para inclusiones de 0, 5 y 10%, difiriendo estadísticamente (p 0.05) in any of the diets for CA and % S. However, parameters: GP, TEC, TEP and IHS had significantly higher values for inclusions of 0, 5 and 10%, differing statistically (p 0,05) em nenhuma das dietas para CA e %S. Porém, os parâmetros: GP, TEC, TEP e IHS presentaram valores significativamente elevados para inclusões de 0, 5 y 10%, diferindo estatisticamente (p<0,01) do nível inclusão de 20%. Conclusão: Conclui-se que P. volubilis pode substituir à farinha de peixe até num nível de 10% de inclusão.

Efecto de la torta de Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) sobre el desempeño productivo de juveniles de tilapia roja (Oreochromis sp.)

Background: The cultivation of Sacha Inchi (P. volubilis) has been developed in the Peruvian Amazon and in Colombia is grown mainly in the Department of Putumayo. There are proposals nowadays for implementation of this crop in the Catatumbo region (Norte de Santander). Objective: This study assessed the effect of Sacha Inchi cake (SIC) (Plukenetia volubilis) inclusion as a source of protein in diets for juveniles of red tilapia (Oreochromis sp). Methodology: four experimental diets including SIC as a partial substitute of fishmeal were prepared in the following percentages: 0%, 5%, 10% and 20%. 144 juvenile tilapia with initial weight of 5.8 ± 0.9 g were used, being fed with eight daily rations during 55 days to assess: weight gain (WG), feed conversion (FC), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), hepatosomatic index (HI) and survival rate (%S). Results: The results showed no significant differences (p> 0.05) in any of the diets for FC and %S. However, the parameters: WG, SGR, PER and HI had significantly higher values for inclusions of 0,5 and 10%, being statistically different (p <0.01) from the 20% inclusion level. Conclusion: It is concluded that P. volubilis can replace fish meal up to a 10% level of inclusion

Compilación de Proyectos de Investigación desde el año 2003 al 2012

Listado de Proyectos de investigación de UPIICSA desde 2003 a 201

Ticagrelor in patients with diabetes and stable coronary artery disease with a history of previous percutaneous coronary intervention (THEMIS-PCI) : a phase 3, placebo-controlled, randomised trial

Background: Patients with stable coronary artery disease and diabetes with previous percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), particularly those with previous stenting, are at high risk of ischaemic events. These patients are generally treated with aspirin. In this trial, we aimed to investigate if these patients would benefit from treatment with aspirin plus ticagrelor. Methods: The Effect of Ticagrelor on Health Outcomes in diabEtes Mellitus patients Intervention Study (THEMIS) was a phase 3 randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, done in 1315 sites in 42 countries. Patients were eligible if 50 years or older, with type 2 diabetes, receiving anti-hyperglycaemic drugs for at least 6 months, with stable coronary artery disease, and one of three other mutually non-exclusive criteria: a history of previous PCI or of coronary artery bypass grafting, or documentation of angiographic stenosis of 50% or more in at least one coronary artery. Eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to either ticagrelor or placebo, by use of an interactive voice-response or web-response system. The THEMIS-PCI trial comprised a prespecified subgroup of patients with previous PCI. The primary efficacy outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (measured in the intention-to-treat population). Findings: Between Feb 17, 2014, and May 24, 2016, 11 154 patients (58% of the overall THEMIS trial) with a history of previous PCI were enrolled in the THEMIS-PCI trial. Median follow-up was 3·3 years (IQR 2·8–3·8). In the previous PCI group, fewer patients receiving ticagrelor had a primary efficacy outcome event than in the placebo group (404 [7·3%] of 5558 vs 480 [8·6%] of 5596; HR 0·85 [95% CI 0·74–0·97], p=0·013). The same effect was not observed in patients without PCI (p=0·76, p interaction=0·16). The proportion of patients with cardiovascular death was similar in both treatment groups (174 [3·1%] with ticagrelor vs 183 (3·3%) with placebo; HR 0·96 [95% CI 0·78–1·18], p=0·68), as well as all-cause death (282 [5·1%] vs 323 [5·8%]; 0·88 [0·75–1·03], p=0·11). TIMI major bleeding occurred in 111 (2·0%) of 5536 patients receiving ticagrelor and 62 (1·1%) of 5564 patients receiving placebo (HR 2·03 [95% CI 1·48–2·76], p<0·0001), and fatal bleeding in 6 (0·1%) of 5536 patients with ticagrelor and 6 (0·1%) of 5564 with placebo (1·13 [0·36–3·50], p=0·83). Intracranial haemorrhage occurred in 33 (0·6%) and 31 (0·6%) patients (1·21 [0·74–1·97], p=0·45). Ticagrelor improved net clinical benefit: 519/5558 (9·3%) versus 617/5596 (11·0%), HR=0·85, 95% CI 0·75–0·95, p=0·005, in contrast to patients without PCI where it did not, p interaction=0·012. Benefit was present irrespective of time from most recent PCI. Interpretation: In patients with diabetes, stable coronary artery disease, and previous PCI, ticagrelor added to aspirin reduced cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke, although with increased major bleeding. In that large, easily identified population, ticagrelor provided a favourable net clinical benefit (more than in patients without history of PCI). This effect shows that long-term therapy with ticagrelor in addition to aspirin should be considered in patients with diabetes and a history of PCI who have tolerated antiplatelet therapy, have high ischaemic risk, and low bleeding risk