19 research outputs found

    An谩lisis y diagn贸stico del clima organizacional en la planta del personal administrativo de la universidad del Magdalena de Santa Marta D.T.C.H. durante el a帽o 2003

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    Con este trabajo se pretende determinar el clima organizacional de la universidad del Magdalena como objeto de esta investigaci贸n y dependiendo de sus resultados positivos o negativos se tratar谩 de dar sugerencias tendientes a mejorar el nivel laboral de esta instituci贸n. Debido a esta situaci贸n los proponentes en calidad de futuros Administradores de Empresas, consideran que es un reto realizar esta investigaci贸n y esta debe ser enfrentada mediante la medici贸n de un clima organizacional en forma permanente a fin de salvaguardar los intereses de la Universidad del Magdalena en cuanto a los Objetivos que esta maneja, La cooperaci贸n de los empleados, el Liderazgo, Toma de Decisiones, Relaciones Interpersonales, motivaci贸n y control. Haciendo 茅nfasis en las variables anteriormente mencionadas en este proyecto de investigaci贸n se pretendi贸 describir y analizar el actual clima organizacional en esta instituci贸n de Educaci贸n Superior, con el fin de establecer un diagn贸stico que permita evaluarlo y proponer recomendaciones tendientes a mejorar esta parte dentro de la organizaci贸n. El Proyecto consta de seis cap铆tulos: Descripci贸n del Proyecto, Marco te贸rico, Marco Metodol贸gico, Cronograma de Actividades, Presupuesto y Bibliograf铆a. Adem谩s Contiene como anexo la encuesta, "INSTRUMENTO DE MEDICI脫N DEL CLIMA ORGANIZACIONAL EN LAS EMPRESAS DE COLOMBIA". (IMCOC). La redacci贸n y presentaci贸n siguen los lineamientos del acuerdo 003 y 007 de 1992 sobre trabajos de grado en la Universidad del Magdalena y las normas ICONTEC 2003 Vigentes. El talento humano como factor de gran importancia para las empresas en la actualidad requiere una serie de mecanismos que revelen la eficiencia y efectividad de sus funciones, de tal manera que la gerencia pueda ejecutar m茅todos para motivar, mejorar las condiciones de trabajo de los seres humanos ya que estos conviven en una misma 谩rea de trabajo y constantemente hacer sus labores para alcanzar los objetivos organizacionales

    Antiveneno de serpiente coral producido en gallinas (Gallus domesticus)

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    The production of anti-snake venom from large mammal's blood has been found to be low-yielding and arduous, consequently, antivenom immunoglobulins for treatment are achieved regularly as polyvalent serum. We have standardized an undemanding technique for making purified immunoglobulin IgY antivenom consisting of polyclonal antibodies against coral snake venom in the egg yolk of immunized hens. We have adapted a reported process of antibody purification from egg yolks, and achieved 90% antibody purity. The customized technique consisted of the removal of lipids from distilled water-diluted egg yolks by a freeze鈥搕haw sequence. The specific immunoglobulins were present in the egg yolk for up to 180 days postimmunization. Therefore, by means of small venom quantities, a significant amount of immunoglobulins were found in an adequately purified state (The obtained material contained about 90% pure IgY). The antigen binding of the immunoglobulins was detected by a double immunodiffusion test. Titers of antibodies in the yolk were estimated with a serum protection assay (Median effective dose = ED50) (ED50= 477 mg/kg). Given that breeding hens is economically feasible, egg gathering is noninvasive and the purification of IgY antibodies is quick and easy, chicken immunization is an excellent alternative for the production of polyclonal antibodies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first coral snake antivenom prepared in birds.La producci贸n de antiveneno de serpiente usando sangre de grandes mam铆feros se ha encontrado que es de bajo rendimiento y de trabajo arduo, en consecuencia, las inmunoglobulinas antiveneno para el tratamiento se obtienen generalmente, como suero polivalente. Hemos estandarizado una t茅cnica poco exigente para la fabricaci贸n de inmunoglobulina purificada IgY, que consisti贸 en generar anticuerpos policlonales contra el veneno de la serpiente coral en huevos de gallinas inmunizadas. La t茅cnica consisti贸 en la eliminaci贸n de l铆pidos de las yemas del huevo, diluidas en agua y en una secuencia de congelaci贸n-descongelaci贸n. Las inmunoglobulinas espec铆ficas estuvieron presentes en la yema de huevo hasta 180 d铆as despu茅s de la inmunizaci贸n. La uni贸n del ant铆geno a las inmunoglobulinas se detect贸 mediante un ensayo de inmunodifusi贸n doble. Los t铆tulos de anticuerpos en la yema fueron estimados con un ensayo de protecci贸n (dosis efectiva media = ED50). Dado que las gallinas reproductoras son econ贸micamente viables, la recolecci贸n de huevos es no invasiva y la purificaci贸n de anticuerpos IgY es r谩pida y f谩cil, la inmunizaci贸n de la gallina es una excelente alternativa para la producci贸n de anticuerpos policlonales. A nuestro entender, esta es el primer anti-veneno contra serpiente de coral preparado en aves

    Hemostatic disorders induced by skin contact with Lonomia obliqua (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae) caterpillars

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    Patients envenomed by Lonomia sp caterpillars initially experience a mild burning pain, headache, nausea, vomiting, and skin and mucosal hemorrhages. Some patients can rapidly progress to a severe coagulopathy that presents as visceral or intracerebral hemorrhaging. We studied the hemostatic alterations that occurred in 14 patients who were envenomed by Lonomia obliqua in Southern Brazil and presented at the Hospital S茫o Vicente de Paulo (Passo Fundo, RS), Brazil during the summers of 1993 and 1994 when Lonomia antivenom was not yet available for treatment. The patients were classified into to 4 clinical groups: 0 (two patients), I (eight patients), II (two patients), and III (two patients). The patients were admitted to the hospital between 4 hours and five days after contact with the caterpillars. In this study, the coagulation parameters of the patients were followed up for up to 172 hours after the accidents. The patients received no treatment with the exceptions of two patients who received blood transfusions and antifibrinolytic treatment. The observed abnormalities related to blood coagulation and fibrinolytic factors were similar regardless of the severity of the bleeding symptoms. These findings suggest that alterations in hemostatic parameters without thrombocytopenia are not predictors of the seriousness of such accidents. Thus, consumptive disorder and reactive fibrinolysis are not proportional to mild coagulopathy. Furthermore, these patients recovered. The hemostatic parameters of most of the patients normalized between 96 and 120 h after the accident

    Sistema fibrinol铆tico: m茅todos de estudio y hallazgos en venenos de serpientes de los g茅neros Bothrops, Crotalus, Micrurus en Venezuela |Fibrinolytic system: methods of study and findings in Bothrops, Crotalus, Micrurus snake venoms in Venezuela

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    RESUMENEn la presente revisi贸n se muestran resultados relevantes de actividades hemost谩ticas, con especial 茅nfasis a las relacionadas con la fibrin贸lisis, presentes en venenos de serpientes venezolanas de los g茅neros Bothrops, Crotalus y Micrurus, que existen en diversas localidades geogr谩ficas. Con esta descripci贸n, se presenta adem谩s una revisi贸n de diversos ensayos que se utilizan en investigaci贸n para estos estudios. Se han evidenciado importantes diferencias inter e intra-especies, e incluso entre ejemplares de distintos espacios geogr谩ficos, lo que debe influir en los mecanismos de acci贸n de sus venenos y la sintomatolog铆a cl铆nica. Estas diferencias en composici贸n y concentraci贸n de componentes activos, deben estar asociadas a variaciones estacionales o geogr谩ficas, dieta, sexo, h谩bitat, edad, e inclusive variabilidades gen茅ticas. Ello podr铆a explicar las discrepancias en los cuadros cl铆nicos de las v铆ctimas y tambi茅n ayudar a determinar mecanismos de acci贸n que faciliten una mejor orientaci贸n a los m茅dicos tratantes. Estas variables ayudar铆an al seguimiento y tratamiento de los pacientes, orientando a los especialistas en antivenenos, en la escogencia del in贸culo, con una mezcla amplia de venenos de diferentes especies, g茅neros, edad, sexo y procedencia, as铆 como con toxinas de relevancia, para la preparaci贸n y obtenci贸n de estos antivenenos con valores de gran eficacia y amplio espectro. Los componentes bioactivos aislados, como las colombienasas y la tenerplasminina-1, por sus caracter铆sticas biol贸gicas, representan asimismo mol茅culas con un uso potencial como trombol铆ticos y antifibrinol铆ticos, respectivamente.聽Palabras clave: Serpentes, Viperidae, Elapidae, fibrin贸lisis, toxinas.聽In the current review, relevant results are shown on hemostatic activities, with special emphasis on those related to fibrinolysis, from venoms present in Venezuelan serpents of the genera Bothrops, Crotalus and Micrurus, captured in different geographical locations. A review is made of various research methods used for these studies. Significant differences were evidenced inter and intra-species and even between different geographic locations, which should influence the mechanisms of action and clinical symptomatology. The differences in the composition and the concentration of active components must be associated with seasonal or geographical variations, diet, sex, habitat, age, and even genetic variability, which may explain the discrepancies in the clinical pictures of victims and also help to determine mechanisms of action that provide better guidance to treating physicians. These variables could help in the monitoring and treatment of patients, and guide antivenom specialist in choosing the inoculum, from a range of different venoms of different species, gender, age, sex and origin, as well as isolated toxins relevant to the preparation of antivenoms with great efficiency and broad spectrum. The isolated bioactive compounds, such as colombienasas and tenerplasminina-1, with their biological characteristics, also represent molecules with potential use as thrombolytic agents and antifibrinolytic, respectively.聽Key words: Serpentes, Viperidae, Elapidae, fibrin贸lisis, toxinas

    Isolation and partial characterization of a Protease with kallikrein-like activity from the egg-nests of Hylesia metabus (crammer 1775) (lepidoptera: saturnidae), preliminary communication

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    Hylesia metabus es una mariposa nocturna distribuida principalmente en el nor-oeste de Venezuela. Las hembras adultas usan sus vellos abdominales para cubrir y proteger los huevecillos de par谩sitos y depredadores. Estos vellos tienen propiedades urticantes, causando una dermatitis severa entre la poblaci贸n humana, cuyos s铆ntomas se acent煤an al usar jab贸n y se mejoran al aplicar soluciones de un pH ligeramente bajo tal como el vinagre. Sin embargo los vellos de los machos adultos no causan s铆ntoma alguno. En el presente estudio se aisl贸 y caracteriz贸 en forma parcial una proteasa con propiedades parecidas a la calicreina de los vellos presentes en el abdomen de las hembras adultas. El material proteico de las posturas, constituidas por los vellos abdominales de la hembra, fue extra铆do en tamp贸n Tris-Salino pH 8.5. El extracto fue centrifugado y luego cromatografiado en una columna de exclusi贸n molecular (Sephadex G-75). La actividad biol贸gica de los picos obtenidos fue determinada midiendo la actividad amidol铆tica con el sustrato cromog茅nico S-2288 (dise帽ado para serinaproteasas de amplio espectro) y S-2302 (dise帽ado para calicreina). Las fracciones con actividad en sustrato S-2302 fueron concentradas mediante ultrafiltraci贸n y usadas para otros experimentos. La medici贸n de especificidad a substratos cromog茅nicos mostr贸 una preferencia para el substrato S-2302 seguido por S-2288. La actividad enzim谩tica tuvo su m谩ximo a pH 9, mientras que por debajo de pH 5 no hubo actividad. Los resultados del presente estudio apoyan la idea de que esta sustancia puede tener importancia en las lesiones cut谩neas observadas en personas expuestas a las posturas o las hembras adultas.97 - 102BimestralHylesia metabus is a species of moth, distributed principally in North Eastern Venezuela. Adult females use their abdominal hairs to cover and protect the eggs from predators and parasites. These hairs have urticating properties, causing a severe dermatitis in humans, whose symptoms worsen using soap and are alleviated by slightly acid substances e.g. vinegar. The hairs from male moths however do not produce any symptoms. In the present study we have isolated and partially characterized a protease with kallikrein-like activity from the female abdominal hairs of this species. Egg-nests (consisting mainly of female abdominal hairs) were collected from the twigs of mangrove-trees in affected areas after hatching. The proteic substances were extracted into Tris-buffered saline solution at pH 8.5, centrifuged, and chromatographed by size-exclusion chromatography (Sephadex G-75). Biological activity in the peaks was determined by amidolytic activity in the chromogenic substrates S-2288 (Broad Spectrum Serine Protease Substrate) and S-2302 (Kallikrein substrate). The eluates showing biological activity were concentrated by ultrafiltration and used for further analyses. The specificity in chromogenic substrates showed a preference for the kallikrein substrate S-2302 followed by the broad-spectrum serine protease substrate S-2288. In addition the enzyme showed a pH optimum at pH 9, with no activity below pH 5. Thus the results of the present study support the hypothesis that this substance may be of importance in the lesions observed in individuals exposed to adult females or the egg-nests

    CORAL SNAKE ANTIVENOM PRODUCED IN CHICKENS (Gallus domesticus)

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    The production of anti-snake venom from large mammal's blood has been found to be low-yielding and arduous, consequently, antivenom immunoglobulins for treatment are achieved regularly as polyvalent serum. We have standardized an undemanding technique for making purified immunoglobulin IgY antivenom consisting of polyclonal antibodies against coral snake venom in the egg yolk of immunized hens. We have adapted a reported process of antibody purification from egg yolks, and achieved 90% antibody purity. The customized technique consisted of the removal of lipids from distilled water-diluted egg yolks by a freeze鈥搕haw sequence. The specific immunoglobulins were present in the egg yolk for up to 180 days postimmunization. Therefore, by means of small venom quantities, a significant amount of immunoglobulins were found in an adequately purified state (The obtained material contained about 90% pure IgY). The antigen binding of the immunoglobulins was detected by a double immunodiffusion test. Titers of antibodies in the yolk were estimated with a serum protection assay (Median effective dose = ED50) (ED50= 477 mg/kg). Given that breeding hens is economically feasible, egg gathering is noninvasive and the purification of IgY antibodies is quick and easy, chicken immunization is an excellent alternative for the production of polyclonal antibodies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first coral snake antivenom prepared in birds
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