Sociospatial reading of favela: A comparative analysis from organic Portuguese cities

This research decodifies the favelas spatial system through its configuration in com- parison to historical organic structures aiming at searching similar self-organized processes. It is intended to observe in which way the configuration of such areas, read through their spatial patterns, affects their sociospatial dynamics and how it gets closer to common strategies for organizing the urban space: in which way favela reproduces historically consolidated spatial patterns inherent to organic cities? The Theory of The Social Logic of Space (Hillier & Han- son, 1984) is the theoretical, methodological and technical approach for this study, allowing to investigate such phenomena by means of its spatial complexity. The sample consists of 120 set- tlements around the world, explored according to a set of 26 configurational variables (among qualitative and quantitative, both geometric and topological), compared to a group of 45 Por- tuguese medieval towns (representative of organic cities). Findings show that the favelas recog- nized spatial patterns are mostly common to those associated with organic structures. Despite being much denser and apparently labyrinthine shapes, the internal dynamics of the favelas reveal positive global relationships. These settlements behave similarly to consolidated urban systems and share common spatial logics throughout world regions and distinct cultures, fea- ture which allows recognizing the self-organization strategy as essential to their structural and survival process.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Marcadores SNP avaliados em cultivares de Café Arábica.

A demanda crescente por cafés especiais e a an a t t a a a mais a participação de produtores neste segmento. Além da origem, da sustentabilidade na produção e da avaliação a diferenciados quant a a t n a a rastreabilidade da produção a a n a exigências a a a t a do produto. Dentro deste processo, a crescente demanda pelo atestado da pureza varietal vem exigindo o desenvolvimento de ferramentas que possam garantir a diferenciação inequívoca do produto comercial, e que viabilizem sua proteção intelectual. Assim, nosso objetivo foi desenvolver marcadores SNP, identificados em análises de genotipagem pelo sequenciamento (GBS), voltados à discriminação de cultivares de café arábica. Quarenta e oito cultivares foram genotipadas pelo sequenciamento em plataforma Illumina e 192.730 TAGs foram alinhadas ao genoma de Coffea arabica, gentilmente cedido pelo Consórcio Internacional de Sequenciamento do Genoma do Arabica (ACGC). Após o alinhamento ao genoma de referência de C. arabica e aplicação dos filtros de qualidade, 1.181 SNP foram obtidos e utilizados para identificar a relação entre os cultivares através da análise de componentes principais (PCA). Esses marcadores confirmaram a estreita base genética das variedades de C. arabica, e foram eficientes em separar os grupos dos Bourbons das demais cultivares, em especial, de Catuaí e Mundo Novo. Um conjunto de 18 marcadores SNP com elevado conteúdo informativo foram anotados e estão sendo validados para confirmar seu potencial para análises de pureza varietal e genética das cultivares comercializadas no país.Título em inglês: SNP markers assessed in Arabica coffee cultivars

Purifying Selection in Deeply Conserved Human Enhancers Is More Consistent than in Coding Sequences

(c) 2014 De Silva et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited

Mapeamento dos solos do Sul da folha de Cedro - Ceará utilizando técnicas de sensoriamento remoto - Parte I.

O objetivo principal do trabalho foi identificar e mapear solos de parte da folha Sistemática DSG/SUDENE Cedro (SB.24-Y-B-VI). Seguiu-se a metodologia recomendada pelo Centro Nacional de Pesquisas de Solos da EMBRAPA. Foram usados os softwares ArqGis 9.2, Erdas Image 9.0, Spring 5.0 e Global Mapper 5.0, para interpretação da imagem Landsat Geocover 2000 e geração do mapa de solos da área de estudo. Este trabalho dá subsídios para a agricultura planejada, levantamentos do uso da terra, monitoramentos ambientais e outros, capazes de permitir a exploração dos recursos naturais de uma maneira conservacionista

Metaheuristics for Transmission Network Expansion Planning

This chapter presents the characteristics of the metaheuristic algorithms used to solve the transmission network expansion planning (TNEP) problem. The algorithms used to handle single or multiple objectives are discussed on the basis of selected literature contributions. Besides the main objective given by the costs of the transmission system infrastructure, various other objectives are taken into account, representing generation, demand, reliability and environmental aspects. In the single-objective case, many metaheuristics have been proposed, in general without making strong comparisons with other solution methods and without providing superior results with respect to classical mathematical programming. In the multi-objective case, there is a better convenience of using metaheuristics able to handle conflicting objectives, in particular with a Pareto front-based approach. In all cases, improvements are still expected in the definition of benchmark functions, benchmark networks and robust comparison criteria

Testing foundations of quantum mechanics with photons

The foundational ideas of quantum mechanics continue to give rise to counterintuitive theories and physical effects that are in conflict with a classical description of Nature. Experiments with light at the single photon level have historically been at the forefront of tests of fundamental quantum theory and new developments in photonics engineering continue to enable new experiments. Here we review recent photonic experiments to test two foundational themes in quantum mechanics: wave-particle duality, central to recent complementarity and delayed-choice experiments; and Bell nonlocality where recent theoretical and technological advances have allowed all controversial loopholes to be separately addressed in different photonics experiments.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, published as a Nature Physics Insight review articl

Brazilian coffee genome project: an EST-based genomic resource.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-31T00:39:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ID267421.pdf: 927918 bytes, checksum: 9258fae108c1ae62bed73557138b4add (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-2

Genome-wide association study of Alzheimer's disease

In addition to apolipoprotein E (APOE), recent large genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified nine other genes/loci (CR1, BIN1, CLU, PICALM, MS4A4/MS4A6E, CD2AP, CD33, EPHA1 and ABCA7) for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). However, the genetic effect attributable to known loci is about 50%, indicating that additional risk genes for LOAD remain to be identified. In this study, we have used a new GWAS data set from the University of Pittsburgh (1291 cases and 938 controls) to examine in detail the recently implicated nine new regions with Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk, and also performed a meta-analysis utilizing the top 1% GWAS single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with P<0.01 along with four independent data sets (2727 cases and 3336 controls) for these SNPs in an effort to identify new AD loci. The new GWAS data were generated on the Illumina Omni1-Quad chip and imputed at ∼2.5 million markers. As expected, several markers in the APOE regions showed genome-wide significant associations in the Pittsburg sample. While we observed nominal significant associations (P<0.05) either within or adjacent to five genes (PICALM, BIN1, ABCA7, MS4A4/MS4A6E and EPHA1), significant signals were observed 69–180 kb outside of the remaining four genes (CD33, CLU, CD2AP and CR1). Meta-analysis on the top 1% SNPs revealed a suggestive novel association in the PPP1R3B gene (top SNP rs3848140 with P=3.05E–07). The association of this SNP with AD risk was consistent in all five samples with a meta-analysis odds ratio of 2.43. This is a potential candidate gene for AD as this is expressed in the brain and is involved in lipid metabolism. These findings need to be confirmed in additional samples