Accidents in children under 15 years old. Jesus Menendez. 2006

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo prospectivo de los niños de 0-14 años, accidentados durante el período de enero a julio del 2006, en 16 consultorios del Consejo Popular Jesús Menéndez de Bayamo, con el objetivo de determinar el comportamiento de los accidentes durante el tiempo antes señalado. La muestra quedó constituida por 58 pacientes. Para la recolección de la información fue elaborado un formulario donde se incluyeron las variables edad, sexo, lugar del accidente, tipo de lesión y estado del accidentado. En el procesamiento de los resultados se utilizó el método de conteo simple y se le realizó el cálculo porcentual, se llegó a la conclusión que la mayor cantidad de accidentes ocurrió en niños de 1-4 años (55.1%), en le hogar (51.5%), las lesiones predominantes fueron las heridas (31.4%), seguidas de las contusiones (24.0%). El carácter leve de las lesiones fue más frecuente constituyendo el 82.8%.It was performed a descriptive-prospective study of accidents in children from o to 14 years old, from 16 Health Areas of  “Jesus Menendez” in Bayamo, during the period from January to July 2006, with the objective to determine the behaviour of the accidents during that period. The sample was constituted by 58 patients. To compile the information, it was elaborated a formulary where recessed variables were included: age, sex, place of accident, type of lesion and accident stage. It was used the simple count method and it was made the percentage calculation in the prosecution of the result, it is reached the conclusion that the greater quantity of accidents occurred in children from 1-4 years (55.1%) at home (51.5%). The prevailing lesions were wounded (31.4%), followed by contusions (24.0%). The characters of the lesions were more frequent (82.8%)

Supervivencia y factores pronóstico asociados, en pacientes pediátricos ventilados artificialmente de forma invasiva

Invasive mechanical ventilation is mainly used as a lifesaving bridge in patients with spontaneous breathing failure. Over a two-years period (2015-2016) it was performed a prospective cohort study in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Bayamo, Granma. The main goal was to determine survival and prognosis associated factors, in ventilated children.  Population: 72 children between 29 days and 14 years old mechanically ventilated, Sample: the 62 patients who met inclusion criteria.  Studied variables: dependent (survival) and not dependent (prognosis factors: demographic and clinical variables, and related to oxygenation and ventilator parameters variables). Survival was determined, prognosis factors related to children condition on days 7, 14, 21 and 28, were described. Uni and multivariate analysis were done, Cox´s proportional risks model, absolute and relative frequencys were used. For each factor a significant HR hypothesis >1 was proved, results were considered statistically significant if the p value was ≤ 0, 05 (CI 95%). Survival was 72, 6%. In univariate analysis, complications (HR: 9, 807, p: 0, 000, CI: 95%   2,800-34,344) and use of tidal volume >8ml/Kg (HR: 4,466, p: 0, 02 CI: 95% 1,707 – 11,684) were associated with increased risk of death. In multivariate analysis, the only factor independently associated to death was the presence of complications during invasive mechanical ventilation (p: 0,007, HR: 6,405, IC: 95% 1,660-24.71). It was concluded that most patients of this cohort survived, and the appearance of complications was the factor that predicts less survival.La ventilación mecánica invasiva se utiliza prioritariamente para ayudar a conservar la vida a pacientes con fallo de la respiración espontánea. Durante el bienio 2015-2016, se realizó un estudio analítico de cohortes en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos de Bayamo, con el objetivo de determinar supervivencia y factores pronóstico asociados, en niños ventilados. Universo: 72 niños de 29 días a 14 años ventilados, muestra: los 62 que cumplieron criterios de inclusión. Variables estudiadas: dependiente (supervivencia) e independientes (factores pronóstico: variables demográficas y clínicas, y variables relacionadas con la oxigenación y los parámetros ventilatorios). Se determinó supervivencia, se describieron factores pronóstico relacionados con estado de los niños (7,14, 21 y 28 días), se realizó análisis uni y multivariado, con empleo de frecuencias absolutas, relativas y del modelo de riesgos proporcionales de Cox. Para cada factor se probó hipótesis de HR es significativo mayor que 1, con nivel de significación estadística del 5 % (p ≤ 0,05) e IC 95%. La supervivencia fue de  72,6%. En análisis univariado, las complicaciones (HR:9,807, p: 0,000, IC: 95%  2,800-34,344) y el uso de volúmenes  tidales>8ml/Kg (HR:4,466,  p:0,02  IC: 95%  1,707 – 11,684) se asociaron con mayor riesgo de morir; en el multivariado, el único factor que se asoció de forma independiente a mortalidad fue la presencia de  complicaciones durante la ventilación mecánica invasiva (p:0,007, HR:6,405,  IC:95%  1,660-24.71).Se concluyó que la mayoría de los pacientes de esta cohorte sobrevivió, la aparición de complicaciones se convirtió en el factor  que predice menor supervivencia

A Polyextreme Hydrothermal System Controlled by Iron: The Case of Dallol at the Afar Triangle

One of the latest volcanic features of the Erta Ale range at the Afar Triangle (NE Ethiopia) has created a polyextreme hydrothermal system located at the Danakil depression on top of a protovolcano known as the dome of Dallol. The interaction of the underlying basaltic magma with the evaporitic salts of the Danakil depression has generated a unique, high-temperature (108 °C), hypersaline (NaCl supersaturated), hyperacidic (pH values from 0.1 to −1.7), oxygen-free hydrothermal site containing up to 150 g/L of iron. We find that the colorful brine pools and mineral patterns of Dallol derive from the slow oxygen diffusion and progressive oxidation of the dissolved ferrous iron, the iron-chlorine/-sulfate complexation, and the evaporation. These inorganic processes induce the precipitation of nanoscale jarosite-group minerals and iron(III)- oxyhydroxides over a vast deposition of halite displaying complex architectures. Our results suggest that life, if present under such conditions, does not play a dominant role in the geochemical cycling and mineral precipitation at Dallol as opposed to other hydrothermal sites. Dallol, a hydrothermal system controlled by iron, is a present-day laboratory for studying the precipitation and progressive oxidation of iron minerals, relevant for geochemical processes occurring at early Earth and Martian environmentsThis work received funding from the European Research Council under the Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC Grant Agreement 340863 (Prometheus) and from MINECO, ref CGL2016-78971-P, AEI/FEDER, UE”