86 research outputs found
Multiancestry analysis of the HLA locus in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases uncovers a shared adaptive immune response mediated by HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes
ArtÃculo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, los autores pertenecientes a la UAM y el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si lo hubiereAcross multiancestry groups, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) versus controls. We demonstrate that the two diseases share the same protective association at the HLA locus. HLA-specific fine-mapping showed that hierarchical protective effects of HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA-DRB1*04:04 and HLA-DRB1*04:07, and intermediary with HLA-DRB1*04:01 and HLA-DRB1*04:03. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem brains and was associated with reduced tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid and to a lower extent with increased Aβ42. Protective HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes strongly bound the aggregation-prone tau PHF6 sequence, however only when acetylated at a lysine (K311), a common posttranslational modification central to tau aggregation. An HLA-DRB1*04-mediated adaptive immune response decreases PD and AD risks, potentially by acting against tau, offering the possibility of therapeutic avenuesThis work was supported by the Michael J. Fox Foundation grant MJFF-020161 (E.M., Z.G.-O.), NIH and National Institute of Aging grants AG060747 (M.D.G.), AG066206 (Z.H.), AG066515 (Z.H., M.D.G.), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie SkÅ‚odowska-Curie (grant agreement No. 890650, Y.L.G.), the Alzheimer’s Association (AARF-20-683984, M.E.B.), and the Iqbal Farrukh and Asad Jamal Fund, a grant from the EU Joint Programme—Neurodegenerative Disease Research (European Alzheimer DNA BioBank, EADB; JPND), the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development JP21dk0207045 (T.I.), JP21dk020704 (K.O., S.N.), JP21km040550 (K.O.), the Einstein Center for Neurosciences in Berlin (S.M.Y.), the Swedish Research Council (#2018-02532, H.Z.), the European Research Council (#681712, H.Z.), and the Swedish State Support for Clinical Research (#ALFGBG-720931, H.Z.). Inserm UMR1167 is also funded by the Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille Métropole Communauté Urbaine, and the French government’s LABEX DISTALZ program (development of innovative strategies for a transdisciplinary approach to AD). Additional funders of individual investigators and institutions who contributed to data collection and genotyping are provided in SI Appendi
Loop diuretics association with Alzheimer’s disease risk
Objectives: To investigate whether exposure history to two common loop diuretics, bumetanide and furosemide, affects the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) after accounting for socioeconomic status and congestive heart failure.Methods: Individuals exposed to bumetanide or furosemide were identified in the Stanford University electronic health record using the de-identified Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership platform. We matched the AD case cohort to a control cohort (1:20 case:control) on gender, race, ethnicity, and hypertension, and controlled for variables that could potentially be collinear with bumetanide exposure and/or AD diagnosis. Among individuals older than 65 years, 5,839 AD cases and 116,103 matched controls were included. A total of 1,759 patients (54 cases and 1,705 controls) were exposed to bumetanide.Results: After adjusting for socioeconomic status and other confounders, the exposure of bumetanide and furosemide was significantly associated with reduced AD risk (respectively, bumetanide odds ratio [OR] = 0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15–0.36; p = 4.0 × 10−11; furosemide OR = 0.42; 95% CI, 0.38–0.47; p < 2.0 × 10−16).Discussion: Our study replicates in an independent sample that a history of bumetanide exposure is associated with reduced AD risk while also highlighting an association of the most common loop diuretic (furosemide) with reduced AD risk. These associations need to be additionally replicated, and the mechanism of action remains to be investigated
A Fast and Robust Strategy to Remove Variant-Level Artifacts in Alzheimer Disease Sequencing Project Data
Exome sequencing (ES) and genome sequencing (GS) are expected to be critical to further elucidate the missing genetic heritability of Alzheimer disease (AD) risk by identifying rare coding and/or noncoding variants that contribute to AD pathogenesis. In the United States, the Alzheimer Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP) has taken a leading role in sequencing AD-related samples at scale, with the resultant data being made publicly available to researchers to generate new insights into the genetic etiology of AD. To achieve sufficient power, the ADSP has adapted a study design where subsets of larger AD cohorts are collected and sequenced across multiple centers, using a variety of sequencing platforms. This approach may lead to variable variant quality across sequencing centers and/or platforms. In this study, we sought to implement and evaluate filters that can be applied fast to robustly remove variant-level artifacts in the ADSP data
Extending the scope and understanding of all-optical magnetization switching in Gd-based alloys by controlling the underlying temperature transients
We use the thickness of Cu layers to control all-optical switching of
magnetization in adjacent Gd(Fe0Co) films. While
increasing the Cu thickness from 5 to 900nm has no effect on the switching
threshold, it significantly enlarges the fluence and pulse duration at which
multiple domains emerge. Having shown that thermally activated multi-domain
formation limits the maximum fluence and pulse duration for controlled
switching, we demonstrate that continuous magnetization reversal precedes
multi-domain formation in GdDyCo films excited with fluences
slightly larger than the multi-domain threshold
Single laser pulse induced magnetization switching in in-plane magnetized GdCo alloys
The discovery of all-optical ultra-fast deterministic magnetization switching
has opened up new possibilities for manipulating magnetization in devices using
femtosecond laser pulses. Previous studies on single pulse all-optical
helicity-independent switching (AO-HIS) have mainly focused on perpendicularly
magnetized thin films. This work presents a comprehensive study on AO-HIS for
in-plane magnetized GdxCo100-x thin films. Deterministic single femtosecond
laser pulse toggle magnetization switching is demonstrated in a wider
concentration range (x=10% to 25%) compared to the perpendicularly magnetized
counterparts with GdCo thicknesses up to 30 nm. The switching time strongly
depends on the GdxCo100-x concentration, with lower Gd concentration exhibiting
shorter switching times (less than 500 fs). Our findings in this geometry
provide insights into the underlying mechanisms governing single pulse AO-HIS,
which challenge existing theoretical predictions. Moreover, in-plane magnetized
GdxCo100-x thin films offer extended potential for opto-spintronic applications
compared to their perpendicular magnetized counterparts.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figure
Criteria to observe single-shot all-optical switching in Gd-based ferrimagnetic alloys
Single-shot all-optical helicity-independent switching (AO-HIS) induced by a
femto-second laser pulse has been mainly reported in Gadolinium based rare
earth-transition metal (RE-TM) alloys such as GdFeCo or GdCo, but the mechanism
leading to magnetization switching is a hotly debated topic. Here, we elaborate
on a large number of GdyRE1-x-yCox (RE = Dy, Tb, Ho) alloys to tune various
magnetic parameters in order to define what the criteria are for observing
AO-HIS in such systems. The state diagrams show that two laser fluences
thresholds must be considered:the fluence which induces the single laser pulse
switching (FSwitch) and the fluence at which the material breaks into a
multi-domain state (FMulti). Those two fluences are shown to behave very
differently as a function of the material properties and the laser pulse
duration. Taking into account the parameters defining the conditions for which
multi-domain states are created and considering only the angular momentum
transfer from the Gd sublattice to the rest of the system explains in large our
experimental results. The importance of the compensation in the ferrimagnetic
alloys is also discussed. We believe the defined criteria will be an important
tool for designing new ultra-fast spintronic devices based on all optical
switching
Pour un accompagnement global en pension de famille : l’apport des capabilités d’Identité-Logement
Face à l’augmentation constante du nombre de personnes sans domicile en France, le « Plan Logement d'abord 2018-2022 » s’appuie sur les résultats du modèle « Housing First » (HF) pour proposer des solutions de logement pérennes. Il s'agit notamment de pensions de famille qui offrent un logement permanent aux personnes en situation de grande précarité, avec un accompagnement adapté. Si le modèle initial (HF) destiné à un public atteint de troubles psychiques propose un accompagnement orienté vers le rétablissement, l’accompagnement en pension de famille destiné à un public plus large, il nécessite d’être pensé autrement. Par une étude de cas menée en pension de famille, cet article présente une philosophie d’intervention différente où l’accompagnement prendrait appui sur l’approche par les capabilités et sur le concept d’Identité-logement, ouvrant la voie au pragmatisme critique.Faced with the ever-increasing number of homeless people in France, the "Housing First Plan 2018-2022" builds on the results of the "Housing First" (HF) model to propose sustainable solutions. These include boarding houses that provide permanent accommodation for people in very precarious situations, with appropriate support. While the Housing First (HF) model for people with mental health problems offers recovery-oriented support, support in boarding houses for a wider public needs to be considered differently. Through a case study in a boarding house, this article presents a different philosophy of intervention where the support would be based on the capability approach and on the concept of Home-identity, opening the way to critical pragmatism
Anterolateral Ligament Reconstruction Does Not Delay Functional Recovery, Rehabilitation, and Return to Sport After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Matched-Pair Analysis From the SANTI (Scientific ACL Network International) Study Group.
PurposeTo determine whether the addition of an anterolateral ligament reconstruction (ALLR) resulted in delayed functional recovery (based on the Knee Santy Athletic Return to Sport [K-STARTS] score) at 6 months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).MethodsA retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from consecutive patients who underwent an ACLR between September 2017 and December 2020 was conducted. Patients who received an isolated hamstring autograft (isolated ACLR group) were propensity matched in a 1:1 ratio to patients who received a hamstring autograft ACLR combined with an ALLR (ACLR-ALLR group). Outcome measures included the Tegner Activity Scale and the K-STARTS test-a validated composite return-to-sports test (including the Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Return to Sport After Injury scale, Qualitative Assessment of Single-Leg Landing tool, limb symmetry index, and ability to change direction using the Modified Illinois Change of Direction Test).ResultsThe study included 111 matched pairs. At 6 months postoperatively, there were no significant differences between groups in the overall K-STARTS score (65.4 for isolated ACLR vs 61.2 for ACLR-ALLR, PÂ = .087) or the Tegner Activity Scale score (3.7 for isolated ACLR vs 3.8 for ACLR-ALLR, PÂ = .45). In addition, an evaluation of the subscales of the K-STARTS score revealed no disadvantage across the domains of neuromuscular control, limb symmetry index, agility, or psychological readiness to return to sport when an ALLR was performed.ConclusionsThe addition of ALLR at the time of ACLR does not delay functional recovery. Specifically, at 6 months postoperatively, there was no disadvantage in patients undergoing ALLR-ACLR, when compared with those undergoing isolated ACLR, with respect to neuromuscular control, limb symmetry indices (hop tests), agility, or psychological readiness to return to sport.Level of evidenceLevel III, retrospective comparative study
Multiancestry analysis of the HLA locus in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases uncovers a shared adaptive immune response mediated by HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes
Across multiancestry groups, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) versus controls. We demonstrate that the two diseases share the same protective association at the HLA locus. HLA-specific fine-mapping showed that hierarchical protective effects of HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA-DRB1*04:04 and HLA-DRB1*04:07, and intermediary with HLA-DRB1*04:01 and HLA-DRB1*04:03. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem brains and was associated with reduced tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid and to a lower extent with increased Aβ42. Protective HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes strongly bound the aggregation-prone tau PHF6 sequence, however only when acetylated at a lysine (K311), a common posttranslational modification central to tau aggregation. An HLA-DRB1*04-mediated adaptive immune response decreases PD and AD risks, potentially by acting against tau, offering the possibility of therapeutic avenues
Multiancestry analysis of the HLA locus in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases uncovers a shared adaptive immune response mediated by <i>HLA-DRB1*04</i> subtypes
Across multiancestry groups, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) versus controls. We demonstrate that the two diseases share the same protective association at the HLA locus. HLA-specific fine-mapping showed that hierarchical protective effects of HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA-DRB1*04:04 and HLA-DRB1*04:07, and intermediary with HLA-DRB1*04:01 and HLA-DRB1*04:03. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem brains and was associated with reduced tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid and to a lower extent with increased Aβ42. Protective HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes strongly bound the aggregation-prone tau PHF6 sequence, however only when acetylated at a lysine (K311), a common posttranslational modification central to tau aggregation. An HLA-DRB1*04-mediated adaptive immune response decreases PD and AD risks, potentially by acting against tau, offering the possibility of therapeutic avenues.</p
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