MAM: Método para Agrupamentos Múltiplos em Redes Sociais Online Baseado em Emoções, Personalidades e Textos

Um problema importante em análise de redes sociais é o particionamento de seus usuários com o objetivo de descobrir grupos que possuem interesses ou características comuns. Dada uma coleção de objetos, tipicamente não existe apenas uma única maneira de formar as partições. Além disto, quando objetos são usuários de uma rede social, cada objeto pode ser representado por diferentes conjuntos de dados. Esses conjuntos de dados oferecem oportunidades para explorar os comportamentos dos usuários a partir de diferentes perspectivas. Esse trabalho descreve um método agrupamento de múltiplas visões para agrupar objetos que contenham tais propriedades. Os agrupamentos produzidos por nosso método produzem agrupamentos alternativos não-redundantes. Devido a essas diferenças, eles podem revelar novas maneiras de interpretar os dados. Os experimentos conduzidos nesses trabalho usaram uma rede social online brasileira denominada MQD. No MQD os usuários são representados por três conjuntos de dados. Cada um deles corresponde a uma particular perspectiva: emoção, personalidade e postagem. Os resultados experimentais indicam que nosso método é capaz de produzir agrupamentos diferentes que consideram as três perspectivas dos usuários

Ataques cibernéticos: a metáfora de guerra em ciências da computação

This work investigates the role of metaphorical conceptualization in the development of scientific theorizing in Computer Science and, more specifically, in the field of “Cybersecurity”. Based on data retrieved from academic articles published in annals of recognized events in the field of Computing or Engineering, the analysis shows that the conceptual metaphor ILLEGAL COMPUTER COMMUNICATION NETWORK IS WAR predominates in the approach to unauthorized interference in computer communication networks. It is also pointed out that different warlike terms occur, consistently, throughout all texts, reflecting the cognitive process of conceptual blending (FAUCONNIER and TURNER, 2002), as well as the discourse phenomena of metaphoricity (CAMERON, 2003).Este trabalho investiga o papel da conceptualização metafórica no desenvolvimento da teorização científica na área de Ciências da Computação e, mais especificamente, na subárea de “Segurança Cibernética”. Com base em dados retirados de artigos acadêmicos publicados em anais de conferências reconhecidas na área da Computação ou Engenharias, a análise evidencia que a metáfora conceptual COMUNICAÇÃO ILEGAL EM REDES DE COMPUTADORES É GUERRA predomina na abordagem científica de interferências não autorizadas em sistemas computacionais.  Em particular, os resultados indicam que termos relacionados à metáfora em questão ocorrem, de forma consistente, em todos os textos analisados, evidenciando o processo cognitivo de mesclagem conceptual (FAUCONNIER e TURNER, 2002), bem como o fenômeno discursivo de metaforicidade (CAMERON, 2003).

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)