Violence against adolescents: an analysis based on the categories gender and generation

Exploratory and descriptive study based on quantitative and qualitative methods that analyze the phenomenon of violence against adolescents based on gender and generational categories. The data source was reports of violence from the Curitiba Protection Network from 2010 to 2012 and semi-structured interviews with 16 sheltered adolescents. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20.0 and the qualitative data were subjected to content analysis. The adolescents were victims of violence in the household and outside of the family environment, as victims or viewers of violence. The violence was experienced at home, mostly toward girls, with marked overtones of gender violence. More than indicating the magnitude of the issue, this study can give information to help qualify the assistance given to victimized people and address how to face this issue

A autonomia como necessidade estruturante para o enfrentamento da violência de gênero

Objetiva-se apresentar categoria referente a necessidades relacionadas à autonomia, reconhecidas pelos profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família no que concerne à atenção à saúde de mulheres que vivenciam violência. Para a produção do material empírico foram feitas entrevistas com profissionais de saúde que compõem as equipes da ESF e com mulheres usuárias do serviço. Os significados conformam a necessidade de autonomia relacionada à mulher como sujeito na tomada de decisões. Entretanto, alguns significados revelaram o reducionismo que se traduz na desresponsabilização do serviço em relação ao problema. A autonomia financeira foi um aspecto convergente entre os discursos dos profissionais e das usuárias do serviço de saúde. Concluiu-se que para o enfrentamento da violência é fundamental a inclusão da perspectiva de gênero tanto nas políticas de saúde quanto nas práticas concretizadas no processo de trabalho, condição que abre possibilidades de respostas a necessidades práticas e estratégicas de gênero, contribuindo para a redução da iniqüidade entre homens e mulheres e a promoção da emancipação feminina

The Formation of the First Massive Black Holes

Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are common in local galactic nuclei, and SMBHs as massive as several billion solar masses already exist at redshift z=6. These earliest SMBHs may grow by the combination of radiation-pressure-limited accretion and mergers of stellar-mass seed BHs, left behind by the first generation of metal-free stars, or may be formed by more rapid direct collapse of gas in rare special environments where dense gas can accumulate without first fragmenting into stars. This chapter offers a review of these two competing scenarios, as well as some more exotic alternative ideas. It also briefly discusses how the different models may be distinguished in the future by observations with JWST, (e)LISA and other instruments.Comment: 47 pages with 306 references; this review is a chapter in "The First Galaxies - Theoretical Predictions and Observational Clues", Springer Astrophysics and Space Science Library, Eds. T. Wiklind, V. Bromm & B. Mobasher, in pres

Elimination Therapy for the Endemic Malarias

Most malaria diagnosed outside endemic zones occurs in patients experiencing the consequences of what was likely a single infectious bite by an anopheline mosquito. A single species of parasite is nearly always involved and expert opinion on malaria chemotherapy uniformly prescribes species- and stage-specific treatments. However the vast majority of people experiencing malaria, those resident in endemic zones, do so repeatedly and very often with the involvement of two or more species and stages of parasite. Silent forms of these infections—asymptomatic and beyond the reach of diagnostics—may accumulate to form substantial and unchallenged reservoirs of infection. In such settings treating only the species and stage of malaria revealed by diagnosis and not others may not be sensible or appropriate. Developing therapeutic strategies that address all species and stages independently of diagnostic evidence may substantially improve the effectiveness of the control and elimination of endemic malaria