8 research outputs found
BIOECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF ERVA-MATE BORER, Hedypathes betulinus (KLUG, 1825) (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE)
A cultura da erva-mate ( Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.) apresenta
grande importância social, cultural e econômica no sul do
Brasil. Com a formação de povoamentos puros e o aumento da
área de plantio, observou-se um aumento populacional de muitas
espécies de insetos. Dentre os insetos-praga, a
broca-da-erva-mate, Hedypathes betulinus (Klug, 1825) (Coleoptera:
Cerambycidae), é a de maior importância econômica, em
razão dos danos que causa e seu difícil controle. A fase
larval ocorre no interior dos galhos e troncos das plantas,
dificultando sua detecção e manejo. O manejo cultural e o
mecânico são os mais indicados, como a coleta de adultos,
poda e queima de partes atacadas da planta, nutrição
equilibrada, densidade adequada de plantas e manutenção de
áreas com vegetação nativa ou ainda a
introdução do policultivo. Com essas técnicas, espera-se
um maior equilibrio do agroecossistema e, com isso, a
diminuição dos insetos-praga a um nível aceitável.
Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é reunir e discutir as
informações da bioecologia e manejo da broca-da-erva-mate.The erva-mate ( Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.) has a social,
cultural and economic importance in the southern states of Brazil. The
pure stands of this culture was responsible for the increase of many
species of insects. Hedypathes betulinus (Klug, 1825) (Coleoptera:
Cerambycidae) is considered the main pestfrom an economic viewpoint
because of its difficult control and potential for damage. The larval
phase occurs inside the twings and trunks, what makes more difficult to
deal with its detention and management. Cultural and mechanical
management are the most indicated, such as collection of adults,
prunning and burning of plant parts damaged by the insect, balanced
nutrition, adequate plant density and maintenance of areas with native
vegetation or also the introduction of policulture. These strategies
may increase the agroecossystem balance and thus a reduction of the
insect-pest to an aceptable level. Therefore, the objective of this
study was to assemble and the discuss the information on the bioecology
and management of erva-mate borer
BIOECOLOGIA E MANEJO DA BROCA-DA-ERVA-MATE, Hedypathes betulinus (KLUG, 1825) (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE)
A cultura da erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.) apresenta grande importância social, cultural e econômica no sul do Brasil. Com a formação de povoamentos puros e o aumento da área de plantio, observou-se um aumento populacional de muitas espécies de insetos. Dentre os insetos-praga, a broca-da-erva-mate, Hedypathes betulinus (Klug, 1825) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), é a de maior importância econômica, em razão dos danos que causa e seu difícil controle. A fase larval ocorre no interior dos galhos e troncos das plantas, dificultando sua detecção e manejo. O manejo cultural e o mecânico são os mais indicados, como a coleta de adultos, poda e queima de partes atacadas da planta, nutrição equilibrada, densidade adequada de plantas e manutenção de áreas com vegetação nativa ou ainda a introdução do policultivo. Com essas técnicas, espera-se um maior equilibrio do agroecossistema e, com isso, a diminuição dos insetos-praga a um nível aceitável. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é reunir e discutir as informações da bioecologia e manejo da broca-da-erva-mate
OCCURRENCE OF Cryptophlebia carpophagoides CLARKE, 1951 (LEPIDOPTERA: Olethreutidae) IN Enterolobium contortisiliquum (VELL.) MORONG FRUIT IN THE STATE OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRAZIL
É registrada pela primeira vez a ocorrência de Cryptophlebia
carpophagoides Clarke, 1951 (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae) em frutos de
timbaúva, Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong, no estado
do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os frutos atacados foram coletados no
campus da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, nos meses
de maio e junho de 2003 e 2004. Foi constatado que as lagartas
possivelmente causam dano aos frutos da espécie em
conseqüência da liberação de serragem que pode
ameaçar a sanidade, vigor e a germinação das sementes.The occurrence of Cryptophlebia carpophagoides Clarke, 1951,
(Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae), in fruit of Enterolobium contortisiliquum
(Vell.) Morong, has bun first registered in the state of Rio Grande do
Sul, Brazil. The damaged fruit was collected in the campus of National
University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, from May to June of 2003 and
2004. It was evidenced that the caterpillars damage the fruit of that
specie affecting the integrety, the vigor and the germination of the
seeds
Out of the forest: past and present range expansion of a parthenogenetic weevil pest, or how to colonize the world successfully
Previous research revealed complex diversification patterns in the parthenogenetic weevil Naupactus cervinus. To understand the origin of clonal diversity and successful spreading of this weevil, we investigated its geographic origin and possible dispersal routes and whether parthenogens can persist in habitats under unsuitable environmental conditions. This study is based on samples taken throughout a broad area of the species’ range. We used both mitochondrial and nuclear markers and applied phylogenetic and network analyses to infer possible relationships between haplotypes. Bayesian phylogeographic analyses and ecological niche modeling were used to investigate the processes that shaped genetic diversity and enabled the colonization of new geographic areas. Southeastern Brazil emerges as the original distribution area of N. cervinus. We detected two range expansions, one along natural corridors during the Pleistocene and the other in countries outside South America during recent times. Isolation due to climate shifts during the early Pleistocene led to diversification in two divergent clades, which probably survived in different refugia of the Paranaense Forest and the Paraná River delta. The origin of the clonal diversity was probably a complex process including mutational diversification, hybridization, and secondary colonization. The establishment of N. cervinus in areas outside its native range may indicate adaptation to drier and cooler conditions. Parthenogenesis would be advantageous for the colonization of new environments by preventing the breakup of successful gene combinations. As in other insect pests, the present distribution of N. cervinus results from both its evolutionary history and its recent history related to human activities.Fil: Rodriguero, Marcela Silvina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Lanteri, Analía Alicia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Entomología; ArgentinaFil: Guzman, Noelia Veronica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Carús Guedes, Jerson V.. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Confalonieri, Viviana Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; Argentin
Translocation of chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole applied to corn as seed treatment and foliar spraying to control Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).
The translocation of chemical insecticides in corn plants could enhance the control of Spodoptera frugiperda, based on their application form. Chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole were applied via seed treatment and foliar spray in corn (VE and V3) to characterize the systemic action of both molecules in leaves that appeared after application. Bioassays with S. frugiperda and chemical quantification in LC-MS/MS confirmed the absorption and upward translocation of chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole by xylem to new leaves. Both insecticides caused the mortality of larvae up to stage V6 (57.5±9.5% for chlorantraniliprole and 40±8.1% for cyantraniliprole), indicating the translocation of insecticides into leaves of corn plants when applied via seed treatment. However, the translocation of chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole from sprayed leaves to new leaves was not observed, regardless of the stage of application plus the next first, second and third stages. An increased dosage of cyantraniliprole did not influence on its translocation in plant tissues, however, it influenced on the present amount of active ingredient. The application of chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole in seed treatment is an important alternative for integrated pest management. The absorption and redistribution capacity of chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole throughout the plant confer a prolonged residual action with satisfactory control of S. frugiperda