The link between water access and subjective well-being: some methods and proposals.

The study of happiness or subjective well-being has traditionally been studied within the disciplines of psychology or sociology. Although economics has contemplated happiness in research terms, it has only recently been studied in any depth. In this paper we offer several proposals in order to investigate the relationship between water access and happiness, suggesting some situations that would merit further research. Moreover, we have included some methodological notes in order to achieve this objective. This relationship can be useful in two ways. Firstly, it can favour the contemplation of water access as a human right. Secondly, it can serve as a framework for the decision-making process carried out by Governments and NGOs in developing countries.

Performance and ownership in the governance of urban water

In this paper the differences in terms of performance between public and the private governance in urban water management are investigated. A statistical ranking is implemented to determine programmatic efficiency differences in DEA, using an incomplete panel data that gathers information on 20 water utilities in Andalusia, in Southern Spain. In the model, labour and operational costs are considered as inputs. The volume of revenue water, the number of connections and the network length are used as outputs. The analysis indicates that private management is more efficient. The efficiency indicators adjusted by a variable related to quality are estimated and demonstrate that privatization of the service does not mean any loss in terms of quality. However, there are no significant differences between both types of management including as a desirable input hydraulic yield as a proxy of the degree of network renovation. A lower hydraulic efficiency in private management would suggest that the need to make significant investments could be an important factor when making the decision to privatize the management of the urban water service: Water supply; Management; Local government;

The importance of time in referee home bias due to social pressure. Evidence from Spanish football

This paper analyses referee home bias due to social pressure with data from the matches played in the First Division of the Spanish football league between the 2002/03 and 2009/10 seasons. Finally, our main conclusion is that the time the referee has to make a decision does affect the final outcome; while there is no referee home bias when a free kick is awarded, in the case of booking players, when the referee has more time to make a decision, social pressure can influence the final outcome in favour of the home team.Social pressure; crowd effect; referee home bias; sports economics.

Ultra-thin 3D silicon sensors for neutron detection

We present a novel neutron detector based on an ultra-thin 3D silicon sensor with a sensitive volume only 10 µm thick. This ultra-thin active volume allows a high gamma-ray rejection, a key requirement in order to discriminate the signal coming from the neutrons in a mixed neutron-gamma ray environment. The device upper-side is covered with a novel boron-based compound that detects neutrons by means of the 10B(n,α)7Li nuclear reaction. The performance of test devices has been investigated first with a gamma-ray source to evaluate the gamma-ray rejection factor, and then with an 241AmBe neutron source to assess the neutron-gamma ray discrimination properties.Peer reviewe

Gender differences in e-learning satisfaction

In line with recent research, the question this paper raises is whether or not gender differences also exist in e-learning. This study is based on a sample of 1,185 students who are doing on-line courses at the Universidad de Granada in Spain. The main conclusion is that female students are more satisfied than male students with the e-learning subjects that make up the sample. Furthermore, we find that female students assign more importance to the planning of learning, as well as to being able to contact the teacher in various ways.: Gender Studies; Evaluation Methodologies

Nueva escala de medición de mentalidad fija y aprendiente: desarrollo y validación

This paper describes the development of 33 scale items to assess people's fixed and growth mindset perceptions. The concept of fixed and growth mindset arises from the theory of Carol S. Dweck that has been discussed for years in various investigations in the school environment, however a scale of measurement in adults, particularly in workers for productivity, has not yet been developed. A measurement scale with three sections was designed with 70 items of fixed, learning mentality, taked the intelligence measurement of Buchanan, and Kern (2017), Dweck, Chiu, and Hong (1995), Dweck et al. (1999), as the reference. In the study, 97 supervisors from the maquiladora industry of Reynosa Tamaulipas participated; surveys were applied to three groups of participants to carry out the factorial reduction analysis process to verify the level of significance and validation of reagents. As a result, 15 fixed mindset were obtained. and 18 questions of growth mindset, which corroborate the referred theories of the measurement of the two dimensions of fixed and growth mindset. The use of this scale can serve as a reference for future research in adults to demonstrate their competence in productivity.Esta publicación describe el desarrollo de 33 reactivos de escala para evaluar las percepciones de mentalidad fija y aprendiente de las personas. El concepto de mentalidad fija y aprendiente surge de la teoría de Carol S. Dweck que ha sido discutida por años en diversas investigaciones en el ámbito escolar, sin embargo aún no se ha desarrollado una escala de medición en adultos particularmente en trabajadores para la productividad, se diseñó una escala de medición con tres secciones con 70 reactivos de mentalidad fija y aprendiente, tomando la referencia la medición de inteligencia de Dweck, Chiu y Hong (1995), Dweck et al. (1999) y Buchanan y Kern (2017). En el estudio participaron 97 supervisores de la industria maquiladora de Reynosa Tamaulipas, se aplicaron encuestas a tres grupos de participantes para realizar el proceso de análisis de reducción factorial para comprobar el nivel de significancia y validación de reactivos. Como resultado se obtuvieron 15 reactivos de mentalidad fija y 18 reactivos de mentalidad aprendiente, los cuales corroboran las teorías referidas de la medición de las dos dimensiones de mentalidad fija y aprendiente. El uso de esta escala puede servir como referente para futuras investigaciones en adultos para demostrar su competencia en la productividad

Optimitzación del proceso de conformado de chapa metálica

El presente proyecto se inicia con una introducción al proceso de estampación, donde se explica qué es la estampación, de qué elementos se compone, y las diferentes modalidades, etapas y fenómenos que existen en la actualidad del sector, sin olvidar los parámetros que rigen el proceso, y una breve descripción del material que utiliza, la chapa metálica. Tras conocer el proceso al que nos enfrentamos, para la consecución de los objetivos se necesita profundizar en el conocimiento de las leyes que rigen el comportamiento de la chapa metálica bajo las solicitaciones a las que se ve expuesta por las distintas operaciones que se aplican. Se estudia el comportamiento del material en los distintos campos de conducta, de manera que se cubren los fenómenos a los que se ve expuesto el material. Esto constituye una base teórica necesaria para el seguimiento del proyecto. Acto seguido se describen las herramientas que se emplean para el análisis de deformaciones y defectos que sufre el material durante el proceso. Estas herramientas nos facilitan la localización de posibles fallas o defectos en la chapa, identificando cual es la raíz del problema ya que determina la causa. Se complementa el capítulo explicando cuales son los tipos de deformación y los defectos que una chapa puede contener. Una vez se tienen las bases teóricas asentadas se dispone a la introducción de la situación en la que se encuentra la simulación y la optimización en la actualidad, y se presentan los software que se utilizarán en la aplicación, un ejemplo de simulación de estampación en caliente proporcionado por la conferencia trianual sobre conformado de chapa Numisheet. Se muestra con un ejemplo real la definición de un proceso de estampación con el programa DYNAFORM trabajando con los datos proporcionados y se analizan los resultados obtenidos, para luego integrar la metodología de optimización en modeFRONTIER, explicando el flujo de trabajo al que sometemos la simulación, para poder llegar a un diseño óptimo. Por último se compara el diseño óptimo con con el diseño inicial para estudiar los resultados, determinar si realmente ha mejorado el proceso y demostrar que la metodología es factible

The link between water access and subjective well-being: some methods and proposals

The study of happiness or subjective well-being has traditionally been studied within the disciplines of psychology or sociology. Although economics has contemplated happiness in research terms, it has only recently been studied in any depth. In this paper we offer several proposals in order to investigate the relationship between water access and happiness, suggesting some situations that would merit further research. Moreover, we have included some methodological notes in order to achieve this objective. This relationship can be useful in two ways. Firstly, it can favour the contemplation of water access as a human right. Secondly, it can serve as a framework for the decision-making process carried out by Governments and NGOs in developing countries

The importance of time in referee home bias due to social pressure: evidence from spanish football

The importance of time in referee home bias due to social pressure. Evidence from Spanish football Abstract: This paper analyses referee home bias due to social pressure with data from the matches played in the First Division of the Spanish football league between the 2002/03 and 2009/10 seasons. Finally, our main conclusion is that the time the referee has to make a decision does affect the final outcome; while there is no referee home bias when a free kick is awarded, in the case of booking players, when the referee has more time to make a decision, social pressure can influence the final outcome in favour of the home team

Performance and ownership in the governance of urban water

In this paper the differences in terms of performance between public and the private governance in urban water management are investigated. A statistical ranking is implemented to determine programmatic efficiency differences in DEA, using an incomplete panel data that gathers information on 20 water utilities in Andalusia, in Southern Spain. In the model, labour and operational costs are considered as inputs. The volume of revenue water, the number of connections and the network length are used as outputs. The analysis indicates that private management is more efficient. The efficiency indicators adjusted by a variable related to quality are estimated and demonstrate that privatization of the service does not mean any loss in terms of quality. However, there are no significant differences between both types of management including as a desirable input hydraulic yield as a proxy of the degree of network renovation. A lower hydraulic efficiency in private management would suggest that the need to make significant investments could be an important factor when making the decision to privatize the management of the urban water service