Effects of variogram characteristics of coal permeability on CBM production: a case study in Southeast Qinshui Basin, China

The coalbed methane (CBM) resources of China are located mainly in 9 basins, Ordos, Qinshui, Jungar, Diandongqianxi, Erlian, Tuha, Tarim, Tianshan and Hailaer. Qinshui Basin, one of the richest CBM basins in China, has boosted its annual CBM production to 3 × 109 m3 (106 Bcf). The coal seams in Qinshui Basin are significant with high gas content but strong heterogeneous permeabilities ranging from 0.1 to 10 mD. This paper investigates the effects of spatial distribution characteristics of coal permeability on CBM production. The study area is the South Shizhuang CBM district, Southeast of Qinshui Basin. The distributions of porosity, ash content, coal density and gas content of the coal seam are generated using sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS) with only one realisation because this paper only justifies the effects of coal permeability on CBM production. The permeabilities of 17 wells are determined by matching these wells' water and gas production with bottom-hole pressure as constraint. Then, the distributions of coal permeabilities are generated using SGS with a commercial simulator. The history matched permeabilities range from 1.5 to 12 mD with average of 2.9 mD of the 17 wells. Eight variogram models are used to build the distributions of permeability. The cumulative gas productions of two different well-spacing cases, 300 m and 2000 m, are compared. There are 20 realisations of permeability for each of the eight models. The results show that historical matching can be used to obtain the porosity multipliers and the permeabilities in wells. The major direction of variogram has less effect on the uncertainty of field CBM production than variogram range. The effects of variogram range on the uncertainty of CBM production are positive for the case with short well spacing and vice versa for the case with long well spacing

Behaviour of New Zealand ironsand during iron ore sintering

Titanium-bearing burdens are commonly introduced into blast furnaces to protect the hearlh because the so-called titanium bear which is a precipitate of carbide, nitride and carbonitride of titanium may form in the blast furnace hearth if Ti02 is present in the feed [1 , 2J. New Zealand ironsand is a titanomagnetite, containing around 60 wt.% iron, 8 wt.% titanium and other substances such as silica, phosphorus and lime [3, 4]. Since it is competitive in price, introduction of the ironsand into the ferrous feed can reduce the production cost and potentially increase blast furnace campaign life. An appropriate method of inlroduction of ironsand is as a component of the sinter as the small size of ironsand precludes direct charging into the blast furnace. Although the effect of introducing titanomagnetite into iron ore blends has been investigated [1,,2, §],little is known about the detailed sintering mechanism. The present study is aimed at identifying the sintering behaviour of New Zealand ironsand as well as the interaction between New Zealand ironsand and CaO to gain better understanding of sintering mechanism of titanomagnetite

Transcriptome analysis provides insights into the cell wall and aluminum toxicity related to rusty root syndrome of Panax ginseng

Rusty root syndrome is a common and serious disease in the process of Panax ginseng cultivation. This disease greatly decreases the production and quality of P. ginseng and causes a severe threat to the healthy development of the ginseng industry. However, its pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. In this study, Illumina high-throughput sequencing (RNA-seq) technology was used for comparative transcriptome analysis of healthy and rusty root-affected ginseng. The roots of rusty ginseng showed 672 upregulated genes and 526 downregulated genes compared with the healthy ginseng roots. There were significant differences in the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, plant hormone signal transduction, and plant–pathogen interaction. Further analysis showed that the cell wall synthesis and modification of ginseng has a strong response to rusty root syndrome. Furthermore, the rusty ginseng increased aluminum tolerance by inhibiting Al entering cells through external chelating Al and cell wall-binding Al. The present study establishes a molecular model of the ginseng response to rusty roots. Our findings provide new insights into the occurrence of rusty root syndrome, which will reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms of ginseng response to this disease

Toward more accurate variant calling for “personal genomes”

To date, researchers and clinicians use widely different methods for detecting and reporting human genetic variation. As the size of academic and private databases grow and as the use of the existing genomic techniques expand, researchers and clinicians stand to greatly benefit from the standardization of data generating approaches and analysis methodologies. To successfully implement genomic analyses in the clinic, it will be critically important to optimize the existing pipelines for attaining a higher sensitivity and specificity for more accurate and consistent variant calling

Low concordance of multiple variant-calling pipelines: practical implications for exome and genome sequencing

BACKGROUND: To facilitate the clinical implementation of genomic medicine by next-generation sequencing, it will be critically important to obtain accurate and consistent variant calls on personal genomes. Multiple software tools for variant calling are available, but it is unclear how comparable these tools are or what their relative merits in real-world scenarios might be. METHODS: We sequenced 15 exomes from four families using commercial kits (Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform and Agilent SureSelect version 2 capture kit), with approximately 120X mean coverage. We analyzed the raw data using near-default parameters with five different alignment and variant-calling pipelines (SOAP, BWA-GATK, BWA-SNVer, GNUMAP, and BWA-SAMtools). We additionally sequenced a single whole genome using the sequencing and analysis pipeline from Complete Genomics (CG), with 95% of the exome region being covered by 20 or more reads per base. Finally, we validated 919 single-nucleotide variations (SNVs) and 841 insertions and deletions (indels), including similar fractions of GATK-only, SOAP-only, and shared calls, on the MiSeq platform by amplicon sequencing with approximately 5000X mean coverage. RESULTS: SNV concordance between five Illumina pipelines across all 15 exomes was 57.4%, while 0.5 to 5.1% of variants were called as unique to each pipeline. Indel concordance was only 26.8% between three indel-calling pipelines, even after left-normalizing and intervalizing genomic coordinates by 20 base pairs. There were 11% of CG variants falling within targeted regions in exome sequencing that were not called by any of the Illumina-based exome analysis pipelines. Based on targeted amplicon sequencing on the MiSeq platform, 97.1%, 60.2%, and 99.1% of the GATK-only, SOAP-only and shared SNVs could be validated, but only 54.0%, 44.6%, and 78.1% of the GATK-only, SOAP-only and shared indels could be validated. Additionally, our analysis of two families (one with four individuals and the other with seven), demonstrated additional accuracy gained in variant discovery by having access to genetic data from a multi-generational family. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that more caution should be exercised in genomic medicine settings when analyzing individual genomes, including interpreting positive and negative findings with scrutiny, especially for indels. We advocate for renewed collection and sequencing of multi-generational families to increase the overall accuracy of whole genomes

Distribution, occurrence characteristics and geological origin of typical hazardous elements in low-medium ash coal of Huainan coalfield

With the continuous development, processing and utilization of coal resources in our province, the existence of typical harmful elements in coal is bound to have a negative impact on the efficient and clean utilization of coal resources. Based on the mass data analysis of typical hazardous elements in coal of Huainan coalfield, taking the main coal seams (No.13-1, No.11-2, No.8, No.6, No.4 and No.1) as the research objects, the occurrence characteristics and geological genesis of typical hazardous elements were comprehensively analyzed by the means of ICP-MS, AFS, stepwise chemical extraction and cluster analysis. The results were as follows: ① Typical hazardous elements Cr, Co, Se and Pb in coal of Huainan coalfield are “lightly enriched”, Hg is “highly enriched” and other elements are in “normal range”; ② The high value area of As element content in Huainan coalfield was mainly located in the west of coalfield; the high value region of Hg element was located in the east of coalfield, followed by the west; the remaining eight elements (Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Se, Cd, Sb and Pb) were all higher in coal of Panji mining area of Huainan coalfield (especially near Pansan coal mine). The late magmatic hydrothermal process in Panji-Zhuji region may be the main reason for the relative enrichment of hazardous elements such as Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Se, Cd, Sb and Pb. ③ There were many ion-exchange States in the occurrence state of Hg, and the inorganic components brought by magmatic hydrothermal action may have little influence on the enrichment degree of Hg element. The magmatic hydrothermal intrusion in the late diagenesis period had no obvious influence on As, and the low content of As in coal may be related to the low content of As in coal-forming plants

Analysis of bacterial diversity in two oil blocks from two low-permeability reservoirs with high salinities

The community diversities of two oil reservoirs with low permeability of 1.81 x 10 \u273 and 2.29 x 10 \u273 1/4m 2 in Changqing, China, were investigated using a high throughput sequencing technique to analyze the influence of biostimulation with a nutrient activator on the bacterial communities. These two blocks differed significantly in salinity (average 17,500 vs 40,900 mg/L). A core simulation test was used to evaluate the effectiveness of indigenous microbial-enhanced oil recovery (MEOR). The results indicated that in the two high salinity oil reservoirs, one reservoir having relatively lower salinity level and a narrow salinity range had higher bacterial and phylogenetic diversity. The addition of the nutrient activator increased the diversity of the bacterial community structure and the diversity differences between the two blocks. The results of the core simulation test showed that the bacterial community in the reservoir with a salinity level of 17,500 mg/L did not show significant higher MEOR efficiency compared with the reservoir with 40,900 mg/L i.e. MEOR efficiency of 8.12% vs 6.56% (test p = 0.291 \u3e 0.05). Therefore, salinity levels affected the bacterial diversities in the two low permeability oil blocks remarkably. But the influence of salinity for the MEOR recovery was slightly

Integrative analysis of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L) transcriptome reveals regulatory network for Chardonnay quality formation

Anthocyanins, total phenols, soluble sugar and fruit shape plays a significant role in determining the distinct fruit quality and customer preference. However, for the majority of fruit species, little is known about the transcriptomics and underlying regulatory networks that control the generation of overall quality during fruit growth and ripening. This study incorporated the quality-related transcriptome data from 6 ecological zones across 3 fruit development and maturity phases of Chardonnay cultivars. With the help of this dataset, we were able to build a complex regulatory network that may be used to identify important structural genes and transcription factors that control the anthocyanins, total phenols, soluble sugars and fruit shape in grapes. Overall, our findings set the groundwork to improve grape quality in addition to offering novel views on quality control during grape development and ripening

Enhanced performance of micro deep drawing through the application of TiO2 nanolubricant and graphene lubricants on SUS 301 stainless steel foil

first_pagesettingsOrder Article Reprints Open AccessArticle Enhanced Performance of Micro Deep Drawing through the Application of TiO2 Nanolubricant and Graphene Lubricants on SUS 301 Stainless Steel Foil by Di Pan 1ORCID,Guangqing Zhang 1,Fanghui Jia 1,Yao Lu 2,Jun Wang 2,Zhou Li 3,Lianjie Li 4,Ming Yang 5ORCID andZhengyi Jiang 1,* 1 School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia 2 Welding Engineering and Laser Processing Centre, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK 3 College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China 4 School of Intelligent Manufacturing and Control Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China 5 Graduate School of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hino, Tokyo 191-0055, Japan * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Processes 2023, 11(10), 3042; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11103042 Received: 2 September 2023 / Revised: 17 October 2023 / Accepted: 20 October 2023 / Published: 23 October 2023 (This article belongs to the Special Issue Processing, Manufacturing and Properties of Metal and Alloys) Downloadkeyboard_arrow_down Browse Figures Versions Notes Abstract In recent years, the quest for effective lubrication in micro deep drawing (MDD) has seen promising advancements. In this study, the influence of TiO2 nanolubricants and graphene lubricants on the performance of 301 stainless steel foil in MDD is examined. The MDD undergoes an extensive evaluation of various lubrication conditions, including dry, TiO2 nanolubricant, graphene lubricant at concentrations of 2.5 mg/mL, 5.0 mg/mL, and 10.0 mg/mL, as well as combined applications of TiO2 and graphene lubricants. Utilising a 5.0 mg/mL graphene lubricant together with TiO2 nanolubricants led to a significant reduction in drawing force, highlighting the synergistic efficacy of this combined lubricant. A pronounced enhancement in the consistency of the produced microcups was also attained. These results emphasise the promise of TiO2 nanolubricant and graphene lubricants in optimising the MDD process

Transporter Expression in Liver Tissue from Subjects with Alcoholic or Hepatitis C Cirrhosis Quantified by Targeted Quantitative Proteomics

ABSTRACT Although data are available on the change of expression/activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes in liver cirrhosis patients, corresponding data on transporter protein expression are not available