Marketing nutricional, los nuevos paradigmas de consumo alimentario = Nutritional marketing, the new paradigms of food consumption

La alimentación es el medio a través del cual los seres vivos obtienen energía para poder cumplir con todas las demandas solicitadas por sus cuerpos con la finalidad de ejecutar correctamente cada una de las funciones del organismo. Las permutaciones sociales han arrastrado consigo la forma con la que las personas se alimentan, generando nuevos hábitos de consumo que afectan de manera negativa a la salud. No obstante, esta dinámica alimentaria se ve acompañada de la aparición de nuevos productos bajo la denominación de productos “saludables” o “funcionales” y otros conocidos como “ecológicos”, cuyo compromiso principal es reducir el impacto medioambiental derivado de la producción de los alimentos. Junto a ello, se presentan nuevos modelos de comportamiento del consumidor ligados a este tipo de consumo. Dentro del marketing social, concretamente, el marketing nutricional busca amparar a aquellos consumidores del desconocimiento e inexperiencia en lo relativo a los productos alimentarios, a través de distintos mecanismos de difusión para concienciar y desenmascarar la realidad que oculta algunos alimentos, que a simple vista parecen totalmente inofensivos para el organismo

Route Analysis of Realizing Higher Vocational Education Modernization in China Under Innovation and Enterprise Education Background

Under the new economic norm, “innovation” has become a national strategy, and becomes the top-level design and practice guidelines of modernization development of occupation education in China. Innovative and enterprise education is the collection of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial awareness, entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial skills in a body’s comprehensive education, which aims to develop the comprehensive applied talents of high qualities. Vocational education, as an important channel or link to connect entrepreneurship and employment, is responsible for the training and delivery of highly skilled applied talents. Therefore, modernization is the inevitable choice of the connotation development of vocational education, exploring the new mode of talent training, weakening and breaking the boundaries of the discipline, strengthening the production and teaching, combining practice teaching mode, and strengthening the construction of high-quality teaching staff have become the realistic path of the modernization of vocational education

An improved region growing algorithm in 3D laser point cloud identification of rock mass structural plane

The rock mass structural plane constitutes the weakest part of the rock mass. Accurate and efficient identification of rock mass structural plane and extraction of characteristic information can provide an important basis for the rock mass stability evaluation. 3D laser scanning technology can greatly improve the efficiency and accuracy of structural surface survey; however, the current mainstream point cloud analysis algorithms exist the problems that the edge recognition of structural surfaces is blurred and the accuracy of point cloud segmentation cannot meet the accuracy of structural surface feature information extraction. Considering the spatial relationship between the position of the point cloud of the rock mass structural plane and its neighborhood, the region growth segmentation parameters were corrected by multiple eigenvalues. The KD-tree data structure was used to perform the nearest neighbor search. The voxel was sampled, and the structural plane was segmented to realize the extraction of the structure plane occurrence, spacing, and extension information, based on the normal vector difference of the point cloud and the characteristic final value. The effectiveness of this method in structural plane identification was also verified by indoor models. The results show that compared with the traditional Principal Component Analysis method and Random Sample Consensus method, this method has a higher recognition rate and accuracy in the same area among the 24 structural planes composed of indoor block models. It can not only ensure the complete recognition of data in the complex and changing plane area, but also better segment the edge points in the sharp position of the plane. Using this method, 24 structural planes can be divided into 6 groups, and the corresponding structural plane feature information can be obtained. Compared with the actual measurement results, the angle information error is approximately 1°, and the distance information error is within 1 cm. This method identified three groups of structural planes in the Mangshezhai slope rock mass successfully in the main stream of the Yangtze River. The method proposed in this study has a good verification effect on indoor model and field slope, which can provide robust and effective technical support for the identification and segmentation of rock mass structural plane

Decision Boundary Optimization for Few-shot Class-Incremental Learning

Few-shot class-incremental learning (FSCIL) is gaining prominence in real-world machine learning applications, including image classification and face recognition. Existing methods often employ parameter freezing for the backbone and classify based on metric learning. However, these methods suffer from two significant problems. Firstly, training the backbone solely on base classes limits its performance on novel classes due to information loss. Secondly, conventional metric-based strategies for prototype generation tend to introduce confusion in decision boundaries during few-shot tasks. To address these challenges, we propose a novel approach called Decision Boundary Optimization Network (DBONet) for few-shot class-incremental learning. To tackle the first issue, DBONet incorporates an augmentation feature extractor along with a corresponding loss function. This augmentation feature extractor combines samples from different categories to capture richer features. For the second issue, we leverage limited sample representativeness information by introducing the Prototype Generation Module (PGM) into DBONet, enabling the generation of more representative prototypes. The prototypes produced by PGM significantly contribute to the accurate delineation of decision boundaries. Furthermore, we exploit intra-class information to enhance classification precision. Extensive experiments on CIFAR100, miniImageNet, and CUB200 datasets demonstrate that our proposed approach achieves new state-of-the-art results

Pigs' intestinal barrier function is more refined with aging.

peer reviewedThe high mortality upon enteric virus infection in piglets causes huge economic losses. To control these infections, potential causes for this high susceptibility for enteric virus infections in younger piglets were analyzed by comparing the intestinal barrier between 1-week, 2-week and 4-week-old piglets. In this study, histological staining was used to analyze morphological differences in intestinal villi, real-time qPCR was performed to assess mRNA expression levels of genes that were related to viral infection and differentiation of immune cells, and flow cytometry was utilized to measure the frequencies of T cells. According to the results obtained, 1-week-old piglets have intestinal villi with shallower crypts, less well developed epithelial cells and a more immature immune system compared to older pigs. Moreover, high amounts of enteric virus invasion-assisting proteins but low amounts of resistant proteins in 1-week piglets could also be a reason for the high susceptibility of 1-week-old piglets

The oral cancer microbiome contains tumor space–specific and clinicopathology-specific bacteria

The crosstalk between the oral microbiome and oral cancer has yet to be characterized. This study recruited 218 patients for clinicopathological data analysis. Multiple types of specimens were collected from 27 patients for 16S rRNA gene sequencing, including 26 saliva, 16 swabs from the surface of tumor tissues, 16 adjacent normal tissues, 22 tumor outer tissue, 22 tumor inner tissues, and 10 lymph nodes. Clinicopathological data showed that the pathogenic bacteria could be frequently detected in the oral cavity of oral cancer patients, which was positively related to diabetes, later T stage of the tumor, and the presence of cervical lymphatic metastasis. Sequencing data revealed that compared with adjacent normal tissues, the microbiome of outer tumor tissues had a greater alpha diversity, with a larger proportion of Fusobacterium, Prevotella, and Porphyromonas, while a smaller proportion of Streptococcus. The space-specific microbiome, comparing outer tumor tissues with inner tumor tissues, suggested minor differences in diversity. However, Fusobacterium, Neisseria, Porphyromonas, and Alloprevotella were more abundant in outer tumor tissues, while Prevotella, Selenomonas, and Parvimonas were enriched in inner tumor tissues. Clinicopathology-specific microbiome analysis found that the diversity was markedly different between negative and positive extranodal extensions, whereas the diversity between different T-stages and N-stages was slightly different. Gemella and Bacillales were enriched in T1/T2-stage patients and the non-lymphatic metastasis group, while Spirochaetae and Flavobacteriia were enriched in the extranodal extension negative group. Taken together, high-throughput DNA sequencing in combination with clinicopathological features facilitated us to characterize special patterns of oral tumor microbiome in different disease developmental stages

Prevalence of hyperuricemia and the population attributable fraction of modifiable risk factors: Evidence from a general population cohort in China

Data on updated hyperuricemia prevalence in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region in China, which is one of the world-class urban agglomerations, is sparse. Overweight/obesity, alcohol consumption, smoking and sedentary behavior are modifiable risk factors (MRFs) for elevated serum uric acid (SUA), but their population attributable fractions (PAFs) for hyperuricemia is still unclear. Using baseline data from the BTH Physical Examination General Population Cohort, we calculated the crude- and adjusted-prevalence of hyperuricemia based on the 30,158 participants aged 18–80 years. Hyperuricemia was defined as SUA >420 μmol/L in men and >360 μmol/L in women, or currently use of uric acid lowering drugs. Overweight/obesity, alcohol consumption, smoking and sedentary behavior were considered as MRFs and their adjusted PAFs were estimated. The prevalence of hyperuricemia was 19.37%, 27.72% in men and 10.69% in women. The PAFs and 95% confidence intervals for overweight, obesity were 16.25% (14.26–18.25%) and 12.08% (11.40–12.77%) in men, 13.95% (12.31–15.59%) and 6.35% (5.97–6.74%) in women, respectively. Alcohol consumption can explain 4.64% (2.72–6.56%) hyperuricemia cases in men, but with no statistical significance in women. Cigarette smoking contributed to 3.15% (1.09–5.21%) cases in men, but a much lower fraction in women (0.85%, 0.49–1.22%). Compared with sedentary time <2 h per day, the PAFs of 2–4 h, 4–6 h, and more than 6 h per day were 3.14% (1.34–4.93%), 6.72% (4.44–8.99%) and 8.04% (4.95–11.13%) in men, respectively. Sedentary time was not found to be associated with hyperuricemia in women. These findings concluded that hyperuricemia is prevalent in this representative Chinese adult general population with substantial sex difference. Four MRFs (overweight/obesity, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and sedentary behavior) accounted for a notable proportion of hyperuricemia cases. The PAF estimations enable the exploration of the expected proportion of hyperuricemia cases that could be prevented if the MRFs were removed, which warrants the public health significance of life-style intervention

Whole exome sequencing identifies frequent somatic mutations in cell-cell adhesion genes in chinese patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma

Lung squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) accounts for about 30% of all lung cancer cases. Understanding of mutational landscape for this subtype of lung cancer in Chinese patients is currently limited. We performed whole exome sequencing in samples from 100 patients with lung SQCCs to search for somatic mutations and the subsequent target capture sequencing in another 98 samples for validation. We identified 20 significantly mutated genes, including TP53, CDH10, NFE2L2 and PTEN. Pathways with frequently mutated genes included those of cell-cell adhesion/Wnt/Hippo in 76%, oxidative stress response in 21%, and phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase in 36% of the tested tumor samples. Mutations of Chromatin regulatory factor genes were identified at a lower frequency. In functional assays, we observed that knockdown of CDH10 promoted cell proliferation, soft-agar colony formation, cell migration and cell invasion, and overexpression of CDH10 inhibited cell proliferation. This mutational landscape of lung SQCC in Chinese patients improves our current understanding of lung carcinogenesis, early diagnosis and personalized therapy