Identification of QTLs for relative root traits associated with phosphorus efficiency in two culture systems in Brassica napus

Modifications of root system morphology and architecture are considered important strategies of plant tolerance to phosphorus (P) deficiency. However, the effect of culture system on the responses of root traits to P deficiency is not well documented. In this study, the responses of root traits to P deficiency were recorded in a Brassica napus double haploid (DH) population consisting of 182 lines derived from a cross between cultivar ‘Tapidor’ and ‘Ningyou 7’ using an ‘agar’ system and a ‘pouch and wick’ system. Under P deficient conditions, more DH lines had greater total root length, primary root length, total lateral root length, mean lateral root length and less lateral root density in the ‘pouch and wick’ system than the ‘agar’ system. Ten and two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected for the relative root traits in the ‘agar’ system and the ‘pouch and wick’ system, respectively. The QTL for the same trait in the ‘agar’ system did not overlap with that in the ‘pouch and wick’ system. Two and one QTL clusters identified in the ‘agar’ system were located on chromosome A09 (Cluster1 and Cluster2) and C04 (Cluster3), respectively. RLRN_A04b, RSDW_A09a and Cluster1 were found to affect the seed yield and/or yield-related traits in two field trials. Overall, this study demonstrated a significant impact of different culture systems on the responses of root traits to P deficiency and on the detection of QTLs for the relative root traits, and identified three major QTLs that could be employed for marker assisted selection of P efficient cultivars

Roadmap on printable electronic materials for next-generation sensors

The dissemination of sensors is key to realizing a sustainable, ‘intelligent’ world, where everyday objects and environments are equipped with sensing capabilities to advance the sustainability and quality of our lives—e.g., via smart homes, smart cities, smart healthcare, smart logistics, Industry 4.0, and precision agriculture. The realization of the full potential of these applications critically depends on the availability of easy-to-make, low-cost sensor technologies. Sensors based on printable electronic materials offer the ideal platform: they can be fabricated through simple methods (e.g., printing and coating) and are compatible with high-throughput roll-to-roll processing. Moreover, printable electronic materials often allow the fabrication of sensors on flexible/stretchable/biodegradable substrates, thereby enabling the deployment of sensors in unconventional settings. Fulfilling the promise of printable electronic materials for sensing will require materials and device innovations to enhance their ability to transduce external stimuli—light, ionizing radiation, pressure, strain, force, temperature, gas, vapours, humidity, and other chemical and biological analytes. This Roadmap brings together the viewpoints of experts in various printable sensing materials—and devices thereof—to provide insights into the status and outlook of the field. Alongside recent materials and device innovations, the roadmap discusses the key outstanding challenges pertaining to each printable sensing technology. Finally, the Roadmap points to promising directions to overcome these challenges and thus enable ubiquitous sensing for a sustainable, ‘intelligent’ world

Reconfigurable perovskite X-ray detector for intelligent imaging

Abstract X-ray detection is widely used in various applications. However, to meet the demand for high image quality and high accuracy diagnosis, the raw data increases and imposes challenges for conventional X-ray detection hardware regarding data transmission and power consumption. To tackle these issues, we present a scheme of in-X-ray-detector computing based on CsPbBr3 single-crystal detector with convenient polarity reconfigurability, good linear dynamic range, and robust stability. The detector features a stable trap-free device structure and achieves a high linear dynamic range of 106 dB. As a result, the detector could achieve edge extraction imaging with a data compression ratio of ~50%, and could also be programmed and trained to perform pattern recognition tasks with a high accuracy of 100%. Our research shows that in-X-ray-detector computing can be used in flexible and complex scenarios, making it a promising platform for intelligent X-ray imaging

Controllable Synthesis of Centimeter-Sized 2D Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskite Single Crystals through Intermediate-Phase Engineering

International audience2D Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) perovskites have demonstrated highperformance emitters, and large-sized perovskite single crystals have always been pursued for efficient optoelectronic devices. However, large-sized 2D RP perovskite single crystals with high quality are still difficult to achieve due to the weak interaction between layers and strong anisotropy. Here, we show a rational design strategy to synthesize centimeter-sized 2D BM2PbBr4 (BM = benzimidazole) perovskite single crystals by intermediate-phase engineering (IPE). 1D (DMF)2BMPbBr3 intermediate-phase single crystals were structurally decoupled and transformed to perfect 2D BM2PbBr4 seed crystals with a certain thickness, presenting a huge advantage over the extrathin crystal sheets in random stacking by natural crystallization. Furthermore, the new BM with conjugated structures we obtained as the A-site of the 2D RP perovskite enhances the exciton confinement, resulting in a surprisingly large excitonic binding energy of 368.2 meV. The emitting decay time is shortened to 0.98 ns, which is the smallest among all the perovskite materials. Tailoring of the X-site components for 2D RP BM2PbBr4 - xClx (x = 1, 2, 3, and 4) series with tunable luminescence and decay time was also synthesized by IPE. We believe IPE provides a new way for synthesizing large-sized perovskite single crystals with fine-tunable properties to satisfy the target applications

A Droplet-Reactor System Capable of Automation for the Continuous and Scalable Production of Noble-Metal Nanocrystals

Noble-metal nanocrystals with well-controlled shapes or morphologies are of great interest for a variety of applications. To utilize these nanomaterials in consumer products, one has to produce the colloidal nanocrystals in large quantities while maintaining good control over their physical parameters and properties. Droplet reactors have shown great potential for the continuous and scalable production of colloidal nanocrystals with controlled shapes. However, the efficiencies of most previously reported systems are still limited because of the complex post-treatment procedures. For example, the mixture of silicone oil and an aqueous suspension of solid products has to be separated by leveraging their miscibility and difference in density, while the solid products often need to be purified and concentrated by centrifugation. Herein, we report the design and construction of a droplet-reactor system that include new features such as a homemade unit for the automatic separation of silicone oil from the aqueous phase as well as a cross-flow filtration unit for the effective purification and concentration of the nanocrystals. Using various types of Pd nanocrystals as examples, we have demonstrated the feasibility of using this system to automatically produce and collect samples with uniform sizes and well-controlled shapes

A Droplet-Reactor System Capable of Automation for the Continuous and Scalable Production of Noble-Metal Nanocrystals

Noble-metal nanocrystals with well-controlled shapes or morphologies are of great interest for a variety of applications. To utilize these nanomaterials in consumer products, one has to produce the colloidal nanocrystals in large quantities while maintaining good control over their physical parameters and properties. Droplet reactors have shown great potential for the continuous and scalable production of colloidal nanocrystals with controlled shapes. However, the efficiencies of most previously reported systems are still limited because of the complex post-treatment procedures. For example, the mixture of silicone oil and an aqueous suspension of solid products has to be separated by leveraging their miscibility and difference in density, while the solid products often need to be purified and concentrated by centrifugation. Herein, we report the design and construction of a droplet-reactor system that include new features such as a homemade unit for the automatic separation of silicone oil from the aqueous phase as well as a cross-flow filtration unit for the effective purification and concentration of the nanocrystals. Using various types of Pd nanocrystals as examples, we have demonstrated the feasibility of using this system to automatically produce and collect samples with uniform sizes and well-controlled shapes

Double Perovskite Single Crystals with High Laser Irradiation Stability for Solid-State Laser Lighting and Anti-counterfeiting

International audienceLaser lighting devices, comprising an ultraviolet (UV) laser chip and a phosphor material, have emerged as a highly efficient approach for generating high-brightness light sources. However, the high power density of laser excitation may exacerbate thermal quenching in conventional polycrystalline or amorphous phosphors, leading to luminous saturation and the eventual failure of the device. Here, for the first time, we raise a single-crystal (SCs) material for laser lighting considering the absence of grain boundaries that scatter electrons and phonons, achieving high thermal conductivity (0.81 W m–1 K–1) and heat-resistance (575 °C). The SCs products exhibit a high photoluminescence quantum yield (89%) as well as excellent stability toward high-power lasers (>12.41 kW/cm2), superior to all previously reported amorphous or polycrystalline matrices. Finally, the laser lighting device was fabricated by assembling the SC with a UV laser chip (50 mW), and the device can maintain its performance even after continuous operation for 4 h. Double perovskite single crystals doped with Yb3+/Er3+ demonstrated multimodal luminescence with the irradiation of 355 and 980 nm lasers, respectively. This characteristic holds significant promise for applications in spectrally tunable laser lighting and multimodal anticounterfeiting

Retinomorphic X-ray detection using perovskite with hydrion-conductive organic cations

Summary: X-ray detection is crucial across various sectors, but traditional techniques face challenges such as inefficient data transmission, redundant sensing, high power consumption, and complexity. The innovative idea of a retinomorphic X-ray detector shows great potential. However, its implementation has been hindered by the absence of active layers capable of both detecting X-rays and serving as memory storage. In response to this critical gap, our study integrates hybrid perovskite with hydrion-conductive organic cations to develop a groundbreaking retinomorphic X-ray detector. This novel device stands at the nexus of technological innovation, utilizing X-ray detection, memory, and preprocessing capabilities within a single hardware platform. The core mechanism underlying this innovation lies in the transport of electrons and holes within the metal halide octahedral frameworks, enabling precise X-ray detection. Concurrently, the hydrion movement through organic cations endows the device with short-term resistive memory, facilitating rapid data processing and retrieval. Notably, our retinomorphic X-ray detector boasts an array of formidable features, including reconfigurable short-term memory, a linear response curve, and an extended retention time. In practical terms, this translates into the efficient capture of motion projections with minimal redundant data, achieving a compression ratio of 18.06% and an impressive recognition accuracy of up to 98.6%. In essence, our prototype represents a paradigm shift in X-ray detection technology. With its transformative capabilities, this retinomorphic hardware is poised to revolutionize the existing X-ray detection landscape

Ultrabright and Highly Efficient All‐Inorganic Zero‐Dimensional Perovskite Scintillators

Low-dimensional halide perovskites with excellent luminescent properties have become leading candidates for optoelectronic and radiation-detection applications. In this work, Tl cation is incorporated into 0D perovskite Cs3Cu2I5 host and an ultrabright and efficient scintillator is developed for X-ray and γ-ray detection. The Tl-doped Cs3Cu2I5 crystals exhibit a high photoluminescence quantum efficiency of 79.2%. The radioluminescence emission of Cs3Cu2I5:Tl crystal under X-ray excitation consists of a self-trapped exciton emission at 440 nm and a Tl-related emission at 510 nm at room temperature. With optimized Tl doping, the Cs3Cu2I5 not only demonstrates about five-times enhanced steady-state scintillation yield up to 150 000 photons/MeV and an improvement of X-ray detection limit from 103.6 to 66.3 nGy s−1, but also maintains an extremely low afterglow of 0.17% at 10 ms after X-ray cut-off. The Cs3Cu2I5:Tl also possess a remarkable energy resolution of 3.4% at 662 keV and an ultrahigh light yield of 87 000 photons/MeV under 137Cs γ-ray radiation