Plasmon reflections by topological electronic boundaries in bilayer graphene

Domain walls separating regions of AB and BA interlayer stacking in bilayer graphene have attracted attention as novel examples of structural solitons, topological electronic boundaries, and nanoscale plasmonic scatterers. We show that strong coupling of domain walls to surface plasmons observed in infrared nanoimaging experiments is due to topological chiral modes confined to the walls. The optical transitions among these chiral modes and the band continua enhance the local ac conductivity, which leads to plasmon reflection by the domain walls. The imaging reveals two kinds of plasmonic standing-wave interference patterns, which we attribute to shear and tensile domain walls. We compute the electronic structure of both wall varieties and show that the tensile wall contain additional confined bands which produce a structure-specific contrast of the local conductivity. The calculated plasmonic interference profiles are in quantitative agreement with our experiments.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figure

Friedmann cosmology with a generalized equation of state and bulk viscosity

The universe media is considered as a non-perfect fluid with bulk viscosity and described by a more general equation of state. We assume the bulk viscosity is a linear combination of the two terms: one is constant, and the other is proportional to the scalar expansion $\theta=3\dot{a}/a$. The equation of state is described as $p=(\gamma-1)\rho+p_0$, where $p_0$ is a parameter. This model can be used to explain the dark energy dominated universe. Different choices of the parameters may lead to three kinds of fates of the cosmological evolution: no future singularity, big rip, or Type III singularity of Ref. [S. Nojiri, S.D. Odintsov, and S. Tsujikawa, Phys. Rev. D \textbf{71}, 063004 (2005)].Comment: 5 pages and 4 fig

Hamiltonian type Lie bialgebras

We first prove that, for any generalized Hamiltonian type Lie algebra $L$, the first cohomology group $H^1(L,L \otimes L)$ is trivial. We then show that all Lie bialgebra structures on $L$ are triangular.Comment: LaTeX, 16 page

Statistical Properties of Charmonium Spectrum and a New Mechanism of J/\psi Suppression

The statistical properties of Charmonium energy spectrum determined by the Bethe-Salpeter equation are investigated. It is found that the regular motion of the $c\bar{c}$ system can be expected at a small value of color screening mass but the chaotic motion at a large one. It is shown that the level mixing due to color screening serves as a new mechanism resulting in the J/$\psi$ suppression. Moreover, this kind of suppression can occur before the color screening mass reaches its critical value for J/$\psi$ dissociation. It implies that a strong J/$\psi$ suppression is possible in the absence of dissociation of J/$\psi$.Comment: 13 latex pages, 2 figures. Phys. Rev. C in pres

How fast could a proto-pulsar rotate?

According to two estimated relations between the initial period and the dynamo-generated magnetic dipole field of pulsars, we calculate the statistical distributions of pulsar initial periods. It is found that proto-pulsars are very likely to have rotation periods between 20 and 30 ms, and that most of the pulsars rotate initially at a period < 60 ms.Comment: submitted, or at http://vega.bac.pku.edu.cn/~rxxu/publications/index_P.ht

Increased Frequencies of Th22 Cells as well as Th17 Cells in the Peripheral Blood of Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis and Rheumatoid Arthritis

<div><h3>Background</h3><p>T-helper (Th) 22 is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. The roles of Th22 cells in the pathophysiological of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remain unsettled. So we examined the frequencies of Th22 cells, Th17 cells and Th1 cells in peripheral blood (PB) from patients with AS and patients with RA compared with both healthy controls as well as patients with osteoarthritis.</p> <h3>Design and Methods</h3><p>We studied 32 AS patients, 20 RA patients, 10 OA patients and 20 healthy controls. The expression of IL-22, IL-17 and IFN-γ were examined in AS, RA, OA patients and healthy controls by flow cytometry. Plasma IL-22 and IL-17 levels were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</p> <h3>Results</h3><p>Th22 cells, Th17 cells and interleukin-22 were significantly elevated in AS and RA patients compared with OA patients and healthy controls. Moreover, Th22 cells showed positive correlation with Th17 cells as well as interleukin-22 in AS and RA patients. However, positive correlation between IL-22 and Th17 cells was only found in AS patients not in RA patients. In addition, the percentages of both Th22 cells and Th17 cells correlated positively with disease activity only in RA patients not in AS patients.</p> <h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The frequencies of both Th22 cells and Th17 cells were elevated in PB from patients with AS and patients with RA. These findings suggest that Th22 cells and Th17 cells may be implicated in the pathogenesis of AS and RA, and Th22 cells and Th17 cells may be reasonable cellular targets for therapeutic intervention.</p> </div

The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment: Exploring Fundamental Symmetries of the Universe

The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early Universe, the dynamics of the supernova bursts that produced the heavy elements necessary for life and whether protons eventually decay --- these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our Universe, its current state and its eventual fate. The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) represents an extensively developed plan for a world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions. LBNE is conceived around three central components: (1) a new, high-intensity neutrino source generated from a megawatt-class proton accelerator at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, (2) a near neutrino detector just downstream of the source, and (3) a massive liquid argon time-projection chamber deployed as a far detector deep underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility. This facility, located at the site of the former Homestake Mine in Lead, South Dakota, is approximately 1,300 km from the neutrino source at Fermilab -- a distance (baseline) that delivers optimal sensitivity to neutrino charge-parity symmetry violation and mass ordering effects. This ambitious yet cost-effective design incorporates scalability and flexibility and can accommodate a variety of upgrades and contributions. With its exceptional combination of experimental configuration, technical capabilities, and potential for transformative discoveries, LBNE promises to be a vital facility for the field of particle physics worldwide, providing physicists from around the globe with opportunities to collaborate in a twenty to thirty year program of exciting science. In this document we provide a comprehensive overview of LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the landscape of neutrino physics worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate and the capabilities it will possess.Comment: Major update of previous version. This is the reference document for LBNE science program and current status. Chapters 1, 3, and 9 provide a comprehensive overview of LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the landscape of neutrino physics worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate and the capabilities it will possess. 288 pages, 116 figure

Molecular Approaches to Identify Cryptic Species and Polymorphic Species within a Complex Community of Fig Wasps

Cryptic and polymorphic species can complicate traditional taxonomic research and both of these concerns are common in fig wasp communities. Species identification is very difficult, despite great effort and the ecological importance of fig wasps. Herein, we try to identify all chalcidoid wasp species hosted by one species of fig, using both morphological and molecular methods. We compare the efficiency of four different DNA regions and find that ITS2 is highly effective for species identification, while mitochondrial COI and Cytb regions appear less reliable, possibly due to the interference signals from either nuclear copies of mtDNA, i.e. NUMTs, or the effects of Wolbachia infections. The analyses suggest that combining multiple markers is the best choice for inferring species identifications as any one marker may be unsuitable in a given case