EASYFLOW: Keep Ethereum Away From Overflow

While Ethereum smart contracts enabled a wide range of blockchain applications, they are extremely vulnerable to different forms of security attacks. Due to the fact that transactions to smart contracts commonly involve cryptocurrency transfer, any successful attacks can lead to money loss or even financial disorder. In this paper, we focus on the overflow attacks in Ethereum , mainly because they widely rooted in many smart contracts and comparatively easy to exploit. We have developed EASYFLOW , an overflow detector at Ethereum Virtual Machine level. The key insight behind EASYFLOW is a taint analysis based tracking technique to analyze the propagation of involved taints. Specifically, EASYFLOW can not only divide smart contracts into safe contracts, manifested overflows, well-protected overflows and potential overflows, but also automatically generate transactions to trigger potential overflows. In our preliminary evaluation, EASYFLOW managed to find potentially vulnerable Ethereum contracts with little runtime overhead.Comment: Proceedings of the 41st International Conference on Software Engineering: Companion Proceedings. IEEE Press, 201

A Transformer-based deep neural network model for SSVEP classification

Steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) is one of the most commonly used control signal in the brain-computer interface (BCI) systems. However, the conventional spatial filtering methods for SSVEP classification highly depend on the subject-specific calibration data. The need for the methods that can alleviate the demand for the calibration data become urgent. In recent years, developing the methods that can work in inter-subject classification scenario has become a promising new direction. As the popular deep learning model nowadays, Transformer has excellent performance and has been used in EEG signal classification tasks. Therefore, in this study, we propose a deep learning model for SSVEP classification based on Transformer structure in inter-subject classification scenario, termed as SSVEPformer, which is the first application of the transformer to the classification of SSVEP. Inspired by previous studies, the model adopts the frequency spectrum of SSVEP data as input, and explores the spectral and spatial domain information for classification. Furthermore, to fully utilize the harmonic information, an extended SSVEPformer based on the filter bank technology (FB-SSVEPformer) is proposed to further improve the classification performance. Experiments were conducted using two open datasets (Dataset 1: 10 subjects, 12-class task; Dataset 2: 35 subjects, 40-class task) in the inter-subject classification scenario. The experimental results show that the proposed models could achieve better results in terms of classification accuracy and information transfer rate, compared with other baseline methods. The proposed model validates the feasibility of deep learning models based on Transformer structure for SSVEP classification task, and could serve as a potential model to alleviate the calibration procedure in the practical application of SSVEP-based BCI systems

A comparison of electronic health records at two major Peking University Hospitals in China to United States meaningful use objectives

BACKGROUND: In accordance with the People’s Republic of China’s (China) National Health Reform Plan of 2009, two of the nation’s leading hospitals, located in Beijing, have implemented electronic medical record (EMR) systems from different vendors. To inform future EMR adoption and policy in China, as well as informatics research in the US, this study compared the United State’s Hospital Meaningful Use (MU) Objectives (phase 1) objectives to the EMR functionality of two early hospital EMR adopters in China. METHODS: At both hospitals, the researchers observed a physician using the EMR and noted MU functionality that was seen and functionality that was not seen yet was available in the EMR. The information technology department was asked about the availability of functionality neither observed nor known to the physician. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Approximately half the MU objectives were available in each EMR. Some differences between the EMRs in the study and MU objectives were attributed to operational differences between the health systems and the cultures in the two countries

Characterization and Localization of Cyclin B3 Transcript in Both Oocyte and Spermatocyte of the Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss)

B-type cyclins are regulatory subunits with distinct roles in the cell cycle. To date, at least three subtypes of B-type cyclins (B1, B2, and B3) have been identified in vertebrates. Previously, we reported the characterization and expression profiles of cyclin B1 and B2 during gametogenesis in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In this paper, we isolated another subtype of cyclin B, cyclin B3 (CB3), from a cDNA library of the rainbow trout oocyte. The full-length CB3 cDNA (2,093 bp) has an open reading frame (1,248 bp) that encodes a protein of 416 amino acid residues. The CB3 transcript was widely distributed in all the examined tissues, namely, eye, gill, spleen, brain, heart, kidney, stomach, skin, muscle, and, especially, gonad. Northern blot analysis indicated only one form of the CB3 transcript in the testis and ovary. In situ hybridization revealed that, in contrast to cyclin B1 and B2 transcripts, CB3 transcripts were localized in the oocytes, spermatocytes, and spermatogonia. These findings strongly suggest that CB3 plays a role not only as a mitotic cyclin in spermatogonial proliferation during early spermatogenesis but also during meiotic maturation of the spermatocyte and oocyte in the rainbow trout

Effects of domestic cooking process on the chemical and biological properties of dietary phytochemicals

peer-reviewedFoods are good sources of vitamins, minerals and dietary fibers as well as phytochemicals, which are beneficial for the human body as nutritional supplements. The nutritional value (crude fibers, crude proteins, crude fats, flavonols, carotenoids, polyphenols, glucosinolate, chlorophyll, and ascorbic acid) and biological or functional properties (antioxidant activity, anticancer activity, or anti-mutagenic activity) of foods can be well retained and protected with the appropriate cooking methods. The chemical, physical and enzyme modifications that occur during cooking will alter the dietary phytochemical antioxidant capacity and digestibility. This paper reviewed the recent advances on the effects of domestic cooking process on the chemical and biological properties of dietary phytochemicals. Furthermore, the possible mechanisms underlying these changes were discussed, and additional implications and future research goals were suggested. The domestic cooking process for improving the palatability of foods and increasing the bioavailability of nutrients and bioactive phytochemicals has been well supported

Kaya: A Testing Framework for Blockchain-based Decentralized Applications

In recent years, many decentralized applications based on blockchain (DApp) have been developed. However, due to inadequate testing, DApps are easily exposed to serious vulnerabilities. We find three main challenges for DApp testing, i.e., the inherent complexity of DApp, inconvenient pre-state setting, and not-so-readable logs. In this paper, we propose a testing framework named Kaya to bridge these gaps. Kaya has three main functions. Firstly, Kaya proposes DApp behavior description language (DBDL) to make writing test cases easier. Test cases written in DBDL can also be automatically executed by Kaya. Secondly, Kaya supports a flexible and convenient way for test engineers to set the blockchain pre-states easily. Thirdly, Kaya transforms incomprehensible addresses into readable variables for easy comprehension. With these functions, Kaya can help test engineers test DApps more easily. Besides, to fit the various application environments, we provide two ways for test engineers to use Kaya, i.e., UI and command-line. Our experimental case demonstrates the potential of Kaya in helping test engineers to test DApps more easily

The impact of the subsidy policy on total factor productivity : an empirical analysis of China's cotton production

This paper develops one model to explore the relationship between the subsidy policy and the agricultural total factor productivity (TFP). It indicates that the agricultural TFP will be lower after the subsidy policy is implemented and there exists a negative relation between the subsidy and TFP, if subsidies are associated with the acreage. Using Malmquist index, this paper measures the changes of TFP in China's cotton production before and after the subsidy policy is implemented. The results verify that the subsidy policy could not increase but decrease the TFP of China's cotton production, not only in the whole country but also in major provinces of China. Based on the positive study, some policy implications are provided in the end of this paper

Multigrid spatially constrained dispersion curve inversion package: towards distributed acoustic sensing surface wave imaging

<p>Surface wave methods, commonly applied in diverse fields, encounter challenges in complex subsurface environments due to limitations inherent in traditional inversion techniques. Conventional one-dimensional inversion (1DI), with its reliance on fixed grids and deterministic linear approaches, often introduces biases, diminishing lateral resolution. Laterally constrained inversion (LCI) improves robustness by addressing lateral coherency but falls short in delineating arbitrary interfaces due to its dependency on fixed grid models. The advent of Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) technology offers extensive seismic data, yet its potential for high-resolution imaging remains underutilized. We introduce a Multigrid Spatially Constrained Dispersion Curve Inversion (MCI) method to overcome these challenges, aiming to harness high-resolution DAS surface wave imaging capabilities. </p> <p>The package includes essential scripts and models required to replicate key figures from the study by Guan et al. (2023, currently under review). These codes are designed to help readers evaluate the effectiveness of the MCI approach using synthetic demonstrations. Additionally, the package includes a refined 2D Vs (shear wave velocity) model derived from a DAS (Distributed Acoustic Sensing) field study conducted in Imperial Valley, California. This model offers new insights into the regional fault system, underscoring the importance of enhanced spatial resolution in large-scale geophysical investigations.</p> <p>It is organized into three directories and contains a total of 14 files. The directory structure is as follows:<br>├── DAS field data<br>│   ├── Pltmodels.m<br>│   ├── README.txt<br>│   ├── field_models.pdf<br>│   ├── model_1DI.mat<br>│   ├── model_LCI.mat<br>│   └── model_MCI.mat<br>├── MCI_Main<br>│   ├── DisForward.p<br>│   ├── InvForward.p<br>│   ├── InvJacobian.p<br>│   ├── MCI.p<br>│   ├── readme.txt<br>│   └── whitejet3.m<br>└── Synthetic demos<br>    ├── MCI_Main.m<br>    └── syndata.mat</p&gt