Research on Teaching Reform of Artificial Intelligence Course Based on CDIO

In view of the problem of how to set up general undergraduate artificial intelligence courses, on the basis of carefully combing and summarizing years of teaching exploration and practice, it is proposed to set Artificial Intelligence (AI) courses in the lower grades of the university. Taking the teaching practice carried out by Liaoning Institute of Science and Engineering as an example, the “12365” principle is proposed based on the CDIO concept, and corresponding teaching reform and practice are carried out

Seasonal Land Fallowing Policy in Response to Groundwater Overdraft in the North China Plain

The Seasonal Land Fallowing Policy (SLFP), designed to mitigate serious groundwater overdraft in the North China Plain, was introduced in Hebei Province in 2014. This paper offers a comprehensive review and assessment of its implementation status, effectiveness and challenges. Based on data at both macro and micro levels, we witnessed the rapid expansion of the SLFP from 2014 to 2019. With a high targeting efficiency, the SLFP reduced groundwater consumption and contributed to real water saving. However, further analysis is needed on the influence of the SLFP on water levels. As a means of payment for ecosystem services, the currentsubsidy offered by the SLFP is not sufficiently flexible to reflect the heterogeneity in farmers’ opportunity cost. Obstacles to the effective and sustainable implementation of the SLFP include unstable and ineligible participants, insufficient incentive for farmers to shift surplus labour to off-farm jobs, and underuse of fallowed land. Based on these challenges, this paper offers policy suggestions to further aid the SLFP’s effective and sustainable implementation in the future

Introduction to Special Issue - In-depth study of air pollution sources and processes within Beijing and its surrounding region (APHH-2 Beijing)

Abstract. The Atmospheric Pollution and Human Health in a Chinese Megacity (APHH-Beijing) programme is an international collaborative project focusing on understanding the sources, processes and health effects of air pollution in the Beijing megacity. APHH-Beijing brings together leading China and UK research groups, state-of-the-art infrastructure and air quality models to work on four research themes: (1) sources and emissions of air pollutants; (2) atmospheric processes affecting urban air pollution; (3) air pollution exposure and health impacts; and (4) interventions and solutions. Themes 1 and 2 are closely integrated and support Theme 3, while Themes 1-3 provide scientific data for Theme 4 to develop cost-effective air pollution mitigation solutions. This paper provides an introduction to (i) the rationale of the APHH-Beijing programme, and (ii) the measurement and modelling activities performed as part of it. In addition, this paper introduces the meteorology and air quality conditions during two joint intensive field campaigns - a core integration activity in APHH-Beijing. The coordinated campaigns provided observations of the atmospheric chemistry and physics at two sites: (i) the Institute of Atmospheric Physics in central Beijing, and (ii) Pinggu in rural Beijing during 10 November – 10 December 2016 (winter) and 21 May- 22 June 2017 (summer). The campaigns were complemented by numerical modelling and automatic air quality and low-cost sensor observations in the Beijing megacity. In summary, the paper provides background information on the APHH-Beijing programme, and sets the scene for more focussed papers addressing specific aspects, processes and effects of air pollution in Beijing

Research on Teaching Reform of Artificial Intelligence Course Based on CDIO

In view of the problem of how to set up general undergraduate artificial intelligence courses, on the basis of carefully combing and summarizing years of teaching exploration and practice, it is proposed to set Artificial Intelligence (AI) courses in the lower grades of the university. Taking the teaching practice carried out by Liaoning Institute of Science and Engineering as an example, the “12365” principle is proposed based on the CDIO concept, and corresponding teaching reform and practice are carried out

Origin and growth mechanisms of strike-slip faults in the central Tarim cratonic basin, NW China

Through fault structure analysis and chronology study, we discuss the origin and growth mechanisms of strike-slip faults in the Tarim Basin. (1) Multiple stages strike-slip faults with inherited growth were developed in the central Tarim cratonic basin. The faults initiation time is constrained at the end of Middle Ordovician of about 460 Ma according to U-Pb dating of the fault cements and seismic interpretation. (2) The formation of the strike-slip faults was controlled by the near N-S direction stress field caused by far-field compression of the closing of the Proto-Tethys Ocean. (3) The faults localization and characteristics were influenced by the pre-existing structures of the NE trending weakening zones in the basement and lithofacies change from south to north. (4) Following the fault initiation under the Andersonian mechanism, the strike-slip fault growth was dominantly fault linkage, associated with fault tip propagation and interaction of non-Andersonian mechanisms. (5) Sequential slip accommodated deformation in the conjugate strike-slip fault interaction zones, strong localization of the main displacement and deformation occurred in the overlap zones in the northern Tarim, while the fault tips, particularly of narrow-deep grabens, and strike-slip segments in thrust zones accumulated more deformation and strain in the Central uplift. In conclusion, non-Andersonian mechanisms, dominantly fault linkage and interaction, resulted in the small displacement but long intraplate strike-slip fault development in the central Tarim Basin. The regional and localized field stress, and pre-existing structures and lithofacies difference had strong impacts on the diversity of the strike-slip faults in the Tarim cratonic basin

Forty years of irrigation development and reform in China

This study reviews 40 years of irrigation development in China including the transformation of the institutional and incentive structures in irrigation management. After rural reforms in the 1970s, irrigation investments slowed until the late 1990s. In North China, farmers became major investors in groundwater irrigation, leading to property rights’ transfer of tube wells from collective to private ownership. Despite positive effects in cropping patterns, farmer income and development of groundwater markets, privatisation has accelerated groundwater table deterioration. Since the middle of 1990s, Water User Associations have replaced village collective management of surface irrigation. This approach was adopted by most provinces by early 2001 with mixed results; only institutions with water-saving incentives realised efficient irrigation. The Government is reforming water price policies to provide water-saving incentives to farmers while not hurting their income. While China has focused on water rights and markets, and despite regulations and pilot projects, full implementation of water rights has been slow. Research reveals greater policy scope for expanding irrigation technologies that generate real water saving to rural areas. Given pressure associated with water scarcity and concern for food security, further effective reforms in irrigation and policy incentives are expected. The Government has also initiated some pilot projects to resolve increasing water scarcity problems through adjusting agricultural production activities

S-Scheme BiOCl/MoSe₂ Heterostructure with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity for Dyes and Antibiotics Degradation under Sunlight Irradiation

Semiconductor photocatalysis is considered to be a promising technique to completely eliminate the organic pollutants in wastewater. Recently, S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts have received much attention due to their high solar efficiency, superior transfer efficiency of charge carriers, and strong redox ability. Herein, we fabricated an S-scheme heterostructure BiOCl/MoSe2 by loading MoSe2 nanosheets on the surface of BiOCl microcrystals, using a solvothermal method. The microstructures, light absorption, and photoelectrochemical performances of the samples were characterized by the means of SEM, TEM, XRD, transient photocurrents, electrochemical impedance, and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The photocatalytic activities of BiOCl, MoSe2, and the BiOCl/MoSe2 samples with different MoSe2 contents were evaluated by the degradation of methyl orange (MO) and antibiotic sulfadiazine (SD) under simulated sunlight irradiation. It was found that BiOCl/MoSe2 displayed an evidently enhanced photocatalytic activity compared to single BiOCl and MoSe2, and 30 wt.% was an optimal loading amount for obtaining the highest photocatalytic activity. On the basis of radical trapping experiments and energy level analyses, it was deduced that BiOCl/MoSe2 follows an S-scheme charge transfer pathway and •O2−, •OH, and h+ all take part in the degradation of organic pollutants

Effect of Different Salt Additions on the Flavor Profile of Fermented Ciba Pepper

Salt is a key ingredient that can both enhance the taste and extend the shelf life of fermented vegetables. However, it is important to note that excessive salt levels can have adverse effects on consumer health. This study aimed to investigate the impact of various salt additions (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% wt/wt) on the flavor profile of fermented ciba pepper, a traditional Chinese fermented chili sauce, using gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) in combination with an electronic nose (E-nose). Fermented ciba pepper samples were prepared with different salt additions: 2% (LJA), 4% (LJB), 6% (LJC), 8% (LJD), and 10% (LJE) (wt/wt). The physicochemical and sensory properties of the fermented ciba pepper samples were evaluated. Sensory evaluation indicated that LJC and LJD received higher scores compared to the other groups. The total acid and amino acid nitrogen contents displayed contrasting trends with the salt additions (p < 0.05). The E-nose analysis successfully differentiated the flavor profiles of the ciba pepper samples fermented with varying salt additions. Additionally, the GC-IMS analysis identified a total of 72 volatile compounds, including 14 alcohols, 21 esters, nine aldehydes, four acids, eight ketones, three terpenes, and eight other substances. Notably, the ciba pepper samples with lower salt additions exhibited higher levels of alcohols, aldehydes, and esters. In conclusion, the addition of salt during the fermentation process significantly influenced the formation of flavor compounds in ciba pepper. This study provides valuable insights into ciba pepper fermentation with different salt additions and offers prospects for the development of low-salt fermented ciba pepper products

Comprehensive insight of the Cambrian carbonate platform types as well as margin segmentation characteristics' exploration in Tarim Basin, China

The carbonate platform types and features of the platform margin belt plays an important role in controlling the reservoir formation; it also affects the relationship between reservoirs and caps. The Cambrian carbonate platform in the Tarim Basin underwent three evolutionary processes, namely, the Early Cambrian ramp platform, the Middle Cambrian edging evaporative platform, and the Late Cambrian edging platform; the northern platform margin was the deposition type, whereas the eastern platform margin was for fault control, additionally, the Lungu-Gucheng had evident sectional differences. The line from Wushi-Kashi-Maigaiti-Hetian to Minfeng of the southwestern Tarim Basin was an ancient land in the Early Cambrian. Through evolution, the sea level raised the underwater lows in the Middle and Late Cambrian period that possibly developed it to platform edge deposits in the Late Cambrian. The carbonate platform margin of both steep slope and gentle slope formed different reservoir-seal assemblages. The Upper Cambrian aggradation-progradation platform margin reservoir in the steep slope of the eastern Lungu and Gucheng area was developed with good connectivity, its caprock had been always the key of the platform margin reservoir-seal assemblages. Therefore, the reef-beach located behind the platform margin belt near the seaside of the lagoon had favorable reservoirs; the reservoirs often overlaid carbonate caprock which formed good reservoir-seal assemblages. The platform margin belt in the gentle slope in the Well Yingmai 7-Well Yingmai 8, in west Tabei, was a dolomite reservoir for algal mound and reef-bank complex with caprock of middle-lower Cambrian dolomicrite, gypsum dolomite, and mud dolomite. Aforementioned dense layers' reservoir-seal assemblage was superior to that of the eastern Lungu and Gucheng that had better exploration prospects

Z‑Scheme BiOCl-Au-CdS Heterostructure with Enhanced Sunlight-Driven Photocatalytic Activity in Degrading Water Dyes and Antibiotics

Although semiconductor photocatalysis has made great progresses as a promising solution to solve the problem of environmental pollution, the highly efficient decomposition of organic pollutants driven by sunlight is still a challenge. Herein, we successfully constructed a Z-scheme photocatalyst BiOCl-Au-CdS for the first time by stepwise deposition of Au and CdS. It was found that the Au nanoparticles (NPs) were selectively anchored on the {001} facets of BiOCl nanosheets in the process of photoreduction while CdS NPs were further in situ deposited on Au NPs via the strong S–Au interaction. Compared to BiOCl, BiOCl-Au, and BiOCl-CdS, the Z-scheme BiOCl-Au-CdS exhibited evidently higher sunlight-driven photocatalytic activity toward the degradations of anionic dye Methyl Orange, cationic dye Rhodamine B, colorless pollutant phenol, and antibiotic sulfadiazine. The radical trapping experiments indicated that ·OH, h⁺, and ·O₂^– are the main reactive species responsible for the degradations of organic pollutants over BiOCl-Au-CdS. Based on the photoelectrochemical measurements, PL spectra, and band potential calculation, it can be concluded that the Z-scheme structure of BiOCl-Au-CdS not only retains the photogenerated electrons and holes with higher redox ability but also decreases their recombination rate. As a highly efficient sunlight driven photocatalyst, BiOCl-Au-CdS can be potentially used in environmental pollutant remediation